GOST R ISO 22826-2012

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  ГОСТ Р ИСО 22826-2012

GOST R ISO 22826−2012 destructive Testing of welds in metallic materials properties. Strength testing narrow welds obtained by laser welding and electron beam welding (hardness Vickers and Kopu)

GOST R ISO 22826−2012

Group B09

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

DESTRUCTIVE TESTS OF WELDS IN METALLIC MATERIALS PROPERTIES

Strength testing narrow welds obtained by laser welding and electron beam welding (hardness Vickers and Kopu)

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials. Hardness testing of narrow joints welded by laser and electron beam (Vickers and Knoop hardness test)

OKS 25.160.40
AXTU 0709

Date of introduction 2014−01−01

Preface

1 PREPARED by FSUE «tsniichermet im.And.P.Bardin," on the basis of their own authentic translation into the Russian language of the international standard indicated in paragraph 4

2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 145 «monitoring Methods of steel products"

3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology dated November 15, 2012 N 886-St

4 this standard is identical to international standard ISO 22826:2005* «destructive Testing of welds in metallic materials properties. Strength testing narrow welds obtained by laser welding and electron beam welding (hardness Vickers and Copu)» (ISO 22826:2005 «Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing of narrow joints welded by laser and electron beam (Vickers and Knoop hardness test)».
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* Access to international and foreign documents referred to here and hereinafter, can be obtained by clicking on the link to the site shop.cntd.ru. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

In application of this standard should be used instead of the reference international standard corresponding national standard of the Russian Federation, the information which is given in Appendix YES

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Application rules of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0−2012 (section 8). Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards» and the official text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the upcoming issue of the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru)

1 Scope

This standard specifies requirements for hardness cross-sections of narrow welds on the metal materials obtained by laser or electron beam welding.

This standard applies to methods of measurement of hardness Vickers and Copa in accordance with the requirements of ISO 6507−1 and ISO 4545 loads from 0,098 to 98 N (HV 0,01 up to HV 10) hardness testing according to Vickers and up to a load of 9.8 N (only 1 to NK) for hardness testing on Knopw.

This standard covers welds made with or without filler wire.

This standard is not applicable to tests of welded joints obtained by hybrid laser-arc welding.

2 Normative references

This standard uses the regulatory references to the following international documents:*
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* The table of conformity of national standards international see the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

ISO 4545 metallic Materials. The hardness test. Determination of hardness Knope (ISO 4545, Metallic materials — Hardness test — Knoop test)
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Valid ISO 4545−1 Materials metal. Determination of hardness Knopw. Part 1. Test methods.


ISO 4546 metallic Materials. The hardness test. Checking instruments to determine the hardness Knope (ISO 4546, Metallic materials — Hardness test — Verification of Knoop hardness testing machines)
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Valid ISO 4545−2 Materials metal. Determination of hardness Knopw. Part 2. Verification and calibration of testing machines.


ISO 4547 metallic Materials. The hardness test. Certified calibration samples used to determine the hardness Knope (ISO 4547, Metallic materials — Hardness test — Calibration of standardized blocks to be used for Knoop hardness testing machines)
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Valid ISO 4545−3 Materials metal. Determination of hardness Knopw. Part 3. Calibration control samples.


ISO 6507−1 Metals and alloys. Measurement of hardness by Vickers. Part 1. Measurement method (ISO 6507−1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method)

ISO 6507−2 metallic Materials. Hardness test by Vickers. Part 2. Verification and calibration of testing machines (ISO 6507−2, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines)

ISO 6507−3 Metallic materials. Hardness test by Vickers. Part 3: Calibration of reference samples (ISO 6507−3, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks)

ISO 10250 metallic Materials. The definition of hardness. Table of hardness values for Knopw for testing on flat surfaces (ISO 10250, Metallic materials — Hardness testing — Tables of Knoop hardness values for use in tests made on flat surfaces)
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Valid ISO 4545−4 Materials metal. Determination of hardness Knopw. Part 4. Table of hardness values.


ISO/16060 Test destruction sample welds in metallic materials. Reagents for etching macro — and microscopic examination (ISO/TR 16060, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination)

3 measurement Methods

Measurement of hardness by Vickers is carried out in accordance with the requirements of ISO 6507−1, ISO 6507−2 ISO 6507−3. The hardness measurement Knopw carried out according to ISO 4545, ISO and ISO 4546 4547.

The hardness measurement is carried out to determine the range of values of hardness in the base metal (or two main metals in the case of connection of various metals) in the heat affected zone and weld metal. Measure the hardness, or even single prints or groups of prints (of type E), or row located along the line of prints (of type R).

The measurement is carried out at a temperature of (23±5) °C. If the test is carried out at a temperature outside this range, it should be stipulated in the Protocol.

The results of measurement of microhardness is affected by vibration, so the measurements should be conducted in a place free from vibration.

4 Definitions and designations

Symbols, definitions and units of measurement used in this standard, are given in table 1.


Table 1

5 Preparation of samples for measurement

Samples for measuring the hardness should be prepared in accordance with the requirements of ISO 6507−1 or ISO 4545.

Sample preparation carry out mechanical cutting, usually across the weld. This operation and subsequent surface preparation is carried out without heating to a temperature high enough to cause softening or hardening the surface.

The surface of the samples being tested must be carefully prepared and preferably etched in accordance with ISO/16060 thus, to measure the length of the diagonals of the prints could be obtained with sufficient accuracy for different zones of a welded joint.

6 measurements

6.1 General requirements

Figure 1 shows a typical region for groups of prints. Numbers 1 and 2refer to the weld metal, the figures from 3 to 6 to HAZ and figures 7 and 8 to the base metal.

Figure 1 — location of the groups of prints hardness Vickers and Knopw

Designations: 1, 2 — weld metal; 3, 4, 5, 6 — heat affected zone (HAZ); 7, 8 — base metal; centre of weld metal;  — line fusing.

Figure 1 — location of the groups of prints hardness Vickers and Knopw

In the case where a welded joint differ from that shown in the examples, the measurement procedure must conform to this type.

6.2 measurement Type

Measurement of hardness by type E or R should be on the prints, located in zones 2 and 3 to test the type of E, 4 and 5 for testing of the type R. the Type of test to be selected at the operator’s discretion, unless specified otherwise. The type of test must be noted in the minutes of the trials.

6.3 Preparation for testing

If the thickness of the base metal or the weld depth is not more than 4 mm, the prints on the weld metal zone and HAZ shall be located in a line at the center of the thickness, i.e. , or at the midpoint of the depth of the imprint, i.e. , as shown in figures 2A) and 2C).

If or more than 4 mm, the prints should be placed in a row at a distance of within 2 mm from the upper and lower sections of the weld, as shown in figures 2b) and 2d). In the case where the welded specimens and welded joints have the appearance shown in figure 2d), the prints should be placed in areas fully meet the specified figure 2d).

a) the location of the prints at the depth of the weld is less than 4 mm

b) the location of the prints at the depth of weld of more than 4 mm

C) the location of the prints when the thickness of the base metal and the weld depth , or not more than 4 mm

Figure 2 — Location of fingerprints for thin and thick plates (type E)

d) the location of the prints when the thickness of the base metal and the weld depth , or not less than 4 mm

Designations: 1, 2 — weld metal; 3, 4, 5, 6 — heat affected zone (HAZ); 7, 8 — base metal; centre of weld metal;  — line fusing

Figure 2 — Location of fingerprints for thin and thick plates (type E)

For ferrous metals subjected to hardening, the distance between the center of any of the print and the edge of the specimen should be:

— not less than 2.5 lengths average of the diagonal imprint to measure Vickers;

is equal to the length of the short diagonal of the imprint to measure the hardness Knopw.

For unhardened ferrous and non-ferrous metals the distance between the center of any of the print and the edge of the specimen should be:

at least three of the lengths of the diagonals of imprint in the measurement of hardness by Vickers;

is equal to the length of the short diagonal of the imprint to measure the hardness Knopw.

The distance between the centers of two adjacent prints must conform to the data given in table 2 for tests of type E and are shown in table 4 for the test of the type R.


Table 2 — Distance between the centers of the prints in tests of type E

Note — it is Recommended to use the same load as for testing of the weld metal and for the test as a whole.

6.4 Individual prints (test type E)

6.4.1 hardness of weld metal

Measurement of hardness of the weld metal should be at least three points: the center and the top and bottom and/or left and right sides, as shown in figure 3. Hardness is measured on all prints. For larger load values when tested at Vickers, for example 49 N (HV 5) and 98 N (HV 10), the number of prints can be reduced.

Figure 3 — location of the prints in the weld metal and HAZ (type test E)

a) Measurement of hardness by Vickers ()

b) Measurement of hardness Knope ()

Designations: 1 — weld metal; 3 — heat affected zone (HAZ); 7 — basic metal; centre of weld metal;  — line fusing

Figure 3 — location of the prints in the weld metal and HAZ (type test E)

The length of the diagonal of the print or when determining the hardness of the weld metal should not exceed 1/10 of the width of the weld metal, whose hardness is measured. The recommended nominal test load and scale the hardness values given in table 3.


Table 3 — Rated loads and hardness scale

Note — the approximate length of the diagonal of the fingerprints for each test load and hardness of material are given in table A. 1 (Appendix A) for testing Vickers and table A. 2 (Appendix A) — test hardness Knopw.

6.4.2 Measurement of hardness in the heat affected zone (HAZ)

The measurement of hardness in the zone of the HAZ should be performed at three points along the line of fusion, as shown in figures 3A) and 3b).

The test load used in the hardness in the HAZ area needs to be the same as for measuring the hardness of the weld metal. In the case of determining the hardness of the HAZ distance between the line joining the centres of the prints, and the fusing line should not be less than 0.5 or 0.5 and should not exceed the length of a print or 2 , as shown in figures 3A) and 3b).

6.4.3 measurement of the hardness of the base metal

Measuring the hardness of the base metal should be no less than three points. The location of the points should be reflected in the test report.

When measuring hardness on separate sites of these areas of measurement should be numbered as shown in figure 1.

6.5 Rows (lines) of fingerprints (of type R)

Figure 4 gives examples of the arrangement of a number of prints when tested according to the type R. allow the definition of additional rows and/or whereabouts of the prints, if so specified in the normative document. The location of all the prints should be reflected in the test report.

Figure 4 — location of the prints (type R)

Designations: 1, 2 — weld metal; 3, 4, 5, 6 — heat affected zone (HAZ); 7, 8 — base metal; centre of weld metal;  — line fusing

Figure 4 — location of the prints (type R)

For unhardened ferrous and non-ferrous metals such as austenitic stainless steel, copper, light metals, lead, tin and their alloys, to cause the lines or rows of imprints on the top surface of the weld is optional.

The number and location of fingerprints should be sufficient to define hardened or softened region as a result of welding. The recommended distance between the centres of the footprint on the weld metal and HAZ area are given in table 4.


Table 4 — recommended distance, M, mm, between the centres of the footprint on the metal of the weld and in the HAZ area — type test R

For metals, the hardness increased in the area of HAZ in welding, perform two additional hardness measurements at a distance in the range of hardness Vickers and  — Knope, as shown in figure 5.

Figure 5 — Location of additional prints in the area of the HAZ for the quenched materials, — type test R

a) the Vickers Hardness ()

b) Hardness Knope ()

Designations: 1 — weld metal; 3 — heat affected zone (HAZ); 7 — base metal; a — line fusing

Figure 5 — Location of additional prints in the area of the HAZ for the quenched materials, — type test R

7 measurement Results

Hardness values recorded indicating the location of the print.

8 test report

The test report must include:

a) the temperature test;

b) base metal (or metals), the thickness and size of the weld;

c) type of welding, laser or electron beam, the unit type and welding conditions;

d) the type of hardness measurement of E or R (for Vickers or Copu) and the symbol of hardness;

e) identification of the testing machine (hardness tester), including the results of the calibration and date of calibration;

f) the location of the fingerprints;

g) a single value of the measured hardness and average value;

h) the date of the measurements;

i) identification of the person conducting the test;

j) identification or description of the test sample.

Annex a (informative). The selection of a load for testing

Appendix A
(reference)

In tables A. 1 and A. 2 shows the values of the lengths of the prints can be estimated from hardness and applied load for both types of testing — Vickers and Knopw. These lengths are computed according to the formulas (A. 1) Vickers and (A. 2) for Kopu.


Table A. 1 — approximate length of the diagonal in mm, as a function of the hardness of the metal and the applied load when conducting a hardness test by Vickers

The ratio between the Vickers hardness and the length of the imprint:

, (A. 1)

where the attached load, N;

 — the average length of the diagonal of the imprint, mm.


Table A. 2 — the approximate length of long diagonal , mm, as a function of the hardness of the metal and the applied load when conducting a hardness test on Knopu

The ratio between the hardness Knopw length imprint:

, (A. 2)

where the attached load, N;

 — the average length of the diagonal of the imprint, mm.

Annex b (informative). An example of the report form measuring the hardness by type E

The App
(reference)

Application (reference). Example of report form of measurement of hardness by the type R

Application
(reference)

The centre of the weld

Distance from center of weld, mm
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The definition of load test in accordance with ISO 6501−1 or ISO 4545.

App YES (reference). Information on compliance with the reference international standard reference national standard of the Russian Federation

App YES
(reference)

Table YES.1