Metal titanium
Technical Characteristics
Titanium is a light, silvery metal, element of Group IV of the periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev, where it is called Ti. It was discovered in the late 18th century independently by Claproth and Gregor. Already at that time this element was dubbed the «metal of the future» because of its unusual properties. Its high strength, considerable lightness in comparison with other metals, resistance to corrosion in aggressive environments, ease of forging and stamping made it an indispensable material in modern industry. Its corrosion resistance is higher than that of noble metals and its low specific weight is comparable to that of aluminum. Plasticity of titanium is similar to copper and its low creeping strength is similar to stainless steel. This metal is capable of retaining its properties from -250°C up to the temperature of steel red hot. Exceptional wear resistance, heat resistance and specific strength have brought it to the forefront of modern science and technology in the 21st century.
Physical characteristics
| J/(kg-grad) | MPa | Ohm-mm | W/(m-grad) | kg/m3 | t °C | 1/Hrad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.586 | 8.2 | 1.12 | 8.37 | 4.45 | 20° | 1.6 |
Fabrication
The primary method of production is the reduction of TiCl4 under high temperature conditions with magnesium or sodium. Hot titanium easily absorbs atmospheric gases, so the main purpose of production technology is to minimize the contact of hot melt with N2, O2, H2. The main disadvantage of the technology is energy intensive process and expensive. Titanium alloys are classified by the configuration of the crystal lattice; and by the method of processing, they are divided into deformable and foundry alloys.
Chemical composition of sponge titanium obtained by reduction from Ti Cl4 by various methods
| Element | Vacuum separation | Magnesium with salt leaching | Sodium with salt leaching |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 0,015 | 0,015 | 0,1 |
| H | 0,005 | --- | 0,05 |
| Fe | 0,12 | 0,1 | 0,06 |
| C | 0,02 | 0,025 | 0,02 |
| Cl | 0,12 | 0,2 | 0,2 |
| Mg | 0,08 | 0,05 | --- |
| O | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Storage
Titanium products are stored under cover or in covered warehouses, where they are reliably protected from various mechanical and other damages.
Application
Titanium serves as a base for producing alloys for aircraft and rocket production. Heat resistance and lightness make it possible to use these alloys in the production of thermal equipment. The most critical parts for shipbuilding - propellers and submarine hulls - are made of titanium alloys. Biological inertness makes it possible to use this metal as a construction material in reconstructive surgery, in pharmaceutical industry and food industry. This metal has become an indispensable material for surgical instruments and durable, lightweight prostheses. Since it retains high strength, ductility at very low temperatures, it is a very sought-after metal in cryogenic engineering. The scope of its use is almost unlimited, from the production of body armor to modern interior design. In spite of its high cost, use of this material is economically justified by durability and strength of products.
Furnizor
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