Nickel alloy steels: Nickel 200, Nickel 201

History

Nickel was not known until a middle of the XVIII century. The residents of Saxony, having produced copper ore, met such an unknown rock that was ungiving to a process of smelt. Only in 1751, this metal was identified by Swedish metallurgist Axel Cronstedt, who had considered nickel as a semi-metal and proposed to keep its peoples alias. In those times, the materials that were similar by its properties to non-metals and metals were called the semi-metals. Initially, this metal was desirable only for juwellers. It was impossible to use it in a production sector because of sulfur additives. With a begging of XX century and an appearance of new technologies, a brilliance of nickel could outshine silver and gold. A long-nurtured dream of metallurgists to manufacture multifarious grades of stainless steel finally came true.

The properties

Nickel is very hard, touch and malleable metal. It is easy to work down and that is why the jewelers were first who estimated its properties. In air at a normal temperature it covers with a protective oxidation film that prevents its corrosion. They can withstand the gaseous, liquid, aggressive environment and heating up to a temperature of 850 °C. The various types of processing can be done due to its plasticity. It can be rolled, lathe turned, drawn, stamped and welded. It is easy to make the thinnest strip, wire or sheet out of this metal. The only demerit of the alloy is a sulfur additive, which is capable of creating a sulphide film on a surface of the equipment making the alloy more brittle at high temperatures.

Manufacture

The alloy Nickel 201 is obtained with a help of offscouring meltback. It consists of Ni (99,5%) in pure form, the rest 0,5% are additives (ferrum, silicon, plumb, manganese, copper, magnesium, sulfur, bismuth, carbon, arsenic, stibium, cadmium, stannum, zinc, phosphorus). Chemically pure Ni is obtained by electrolysis or by method of breakdown the complex substances, imposing a current thought them.

Chemistry

Application

All the products of Nickel 200, Nickel 201 alloy are being produced according to the requirements of GOST. It guarantees a maximum level of quality. There are can be casted ingots, rolled the flakes, strips, bars, wire and parent plates. The main consumption of such a semi-finished material is a chemical industry, Research and Development Establishments physical and chemical laboratories, paper and paperboard industry. The pipes of this grade is considered to be a universal for the chemical industry. They are desirable for distillation of acids and alkalis. Nickel 200−201 strip and sheet are popular in engineering industry and instrument engineering. Such sheets are often used in a form of anodes and cathodes in manufacturing a chemically pure nickel. The alloy is also utilized for nickel-plating — drawing the thinnest layer (50−125 micron of thickness) on a surface of other metal. It is done for protection from corrosion, impact of atmosphere moisture, a solution of acids, alkalis and salts. In order to cover a surface of iron, aluminium, titanium, cuprum, beryllium, wolframium, there is commonly used a wire Nickel 200−201, from which nickel is very easy to retrieve. Nowadays, such a wire is the most requested semi-fabricated product. The metals that are alloyed with this metal have stronger enduring quality, heat resistance and capacity to resist. The details which are covered with Ni can be met in the designs of cars, bicycles, medical instruments and in units of the household appliances. The details made of this metal are also utilized in mechanisms that work in conditions of a rubbing friction.

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