GOST 26389-84

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  ГОСТ 26389-84

GOST 26389−84 welded Connections. Test methods for resistance to hot cracking in fusion welding

GOST 26389−84

Group B09

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR

WELDED CONNECTIONS

Test methods for resistance to hot cracking
in fusion welding

Welded joints. Test methods on resistance to shrinkage crack formation
under fusion welding

AXTU 0909

Valid from 01.01.86
to 01.01.91*
_______________________
* See the label «notes».

DEVELOPED by the Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the USSR

PERFORMERS

G. A. Nikolaev, Yu.N.Sakharov, B. F. Yakushin, A. I. Misyurov, A. I. Deev

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the USSR

Member Of The Board Of D. I. Ryzhonkov

APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee on standards of 20 December 1984, N 4833


This standard establishes test methods for resistance to hot cracking of the weld metal and fusion zones of welded joints of structural alloys with a thickness of 1,5 mm or more when all methods of fusion welding and simulation of welding thermal cycle.

The essence of the methods consists in high-temperature deformation of metal during the welding process to the formation of cracks under the action of external forces generated by the test machine (machine methods), or under the influence of internal forces from shrinkage of the weld and shape-changes of the welded elements (technological methods).

Test methods specified by this standard, is used for conducting research trials on the evaluation of the weldability of the metal.

The terms used in the standard, their designations and their explanations, see the reference Appendix 1.

1. TEST METHODS

1.1. Native methods are used when testing for resistance of the weld metal of the specimen and zone of fusion cracking of certain types to select the optimum chemical composition of the weld and welding conditions.

During machine testing of the test weld metal and fusion zones deform by application of an external load to determine the comparative quantitative indicators: critical rate and critical speed of the stretching that leads to cracking. The purpose of the indicators is given in table.1.

Table 1

Native methods are used when the differences in assessing quality of welded joints.

Machine methods include:

testing of welded specimens in tension;

testing of welded samples in bending;

the test specimens with simulated welding cycle is tensile.

Tests of welded samples used to evaluate the resistance to crack forming of the weld metal and specimens with simulated welding cycle for metal zone of fusion welds.

1.2. Technological methods involve the fabrication of the test model metal welded assemblies, design and technology of welding which leads to the increased tempo of high-temperature deformations leading to cracking. Comparative quantitative assessment of the resistance of the weld metal and fusion zone cracking to produce conventional figures given in the table.1.

2. SAMPLING METHODS

2.1. For the machine test form, the dimensions of the welded samples are given in hell.1−7, and sample with simulated welding cycle to hell.8.

Type 1

1 — plate with a slot; 2 — plate; 3 — plate with hole; 4 — technological placket

Damn.1


Type 2

Damn.2


Type 3

Damn.3


Type 4

1 — plate; 2 — strap technology

Damn.4


Type 5

1 — area (welded); 2 — plate; 3 — technological placket

Damn.5


Type 6

Damn.6


Type 7

1 — plate

Damn.7


Type 8

Damn.8

The shape of the sample and the scheme of deformation of the choose tab.2 depending on the thickness of the base metal, welding method, object test, and orientation of cracks that you want to play in the tests.

Table 2

________________
* Designations:

And automatic submerged arc welding, IN welding with non-consumable electrodes in inert gases, INP — welding with non-consumable electrode with the additive, SP — consumable electrode welding in inert gases, up — welding consumable electrode in carbon dioxide, re — manual arc welding EBW — electron beam welding, LS — laser welding ESW — electroslag welding.

2.1.1. When testing of the weld metal obtained by melting of the edges of the samples choose samples of type 1 and 2 welding which is carried out without additive or with additive, the corresponding base metal chemical composition.

2.1.2. For testing of the weld metal obtained in the primary mixing, the filler or electrode metal, used patterns such as the 1−7, when welding which use the corresponding base metal welding materials (electrodes, additives, fluxes, gases, etc.).

2.1.3. In determining the resistance to cracking for welding electrode or filler material regardless of the base metal in single-pass welding, used samples of type 4, 5, 7, if they have the welded edges of the surfacing at least three layers of materials that are to be tested.

At the same Marche of the main electrode (alloying) of metal surfacing on the edge is allowed to produce.

2.1.4. For testing of weld metal resistance to cracking in multi-pass welding is used example of type 7b, pre-welded electrode studied composition in a single pass.

For testing when welding dissimilar alloys using composite samples of type 1, 3, 4, 5 as well as compound technological straps, left and right parts which made of welded alloys tested compositions.

2.1.5. Samples of type 1, 2, 8 cut, in accordance with the devil.1, 2, 8 from bar, sheet and tube rentals so that deformation in tests conducted across the direction of rolling. In addition, specimens of type 8 are cut from the welded workpieces, and the weld axis must coincide with the centre of the neck of the specimen.

The samples of a type of cut 2−7 subject to the direction of rolling or forging and casting with the method of manufacturing the test.

Comparable can be the results obtained on samples of the same thickness.

2.1.6. In the manufacture of samples of type 4, 5, 7 with the weld edges is carried out mechanical and, if necessary, and heat treatment of the deposited samples, indicating the Protocol type of treatment.

2.1.7. Each part of the composite sample type 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and each half of the whole samples of type 1, 2, 6, 8 must be marked in the part of the sample not subjected to heat during the tests.

2.1.8. After determining resistance to hot cracks must be prepared with 15 pairs of composite samples of 15 pieces or whole specimens of type 2, 6 or 25 pieces of samples of class 8.

2.1.9. Allowed double use of samples, type 1, 3−7, if after testing and mechanical separation they meet the requirements of hell.1, 3−7, wherein the seam is formed between edges that are not exposed to welding.

2.2. The technological tests used samples of a type:

9 with a circular seam (DWG.9);

10 — various width (Fig.10);

11 — t-seam (DWG.11);

12 — with grooves (Fig.12).

Type 9

1 — plate; 2 — disc; 3 — plate with an annular groove; 4 — plate with polished ends

Damn.9

Type 10

1 — plate; 2 — strap technology

Damn.10

Type 11

1 — wall; 2 — shelf; 3 — Klondike

Damn.11

Type 12

1 — plate with grooves; 2 — rigid plate

Damn.12

Choose the sample tab.3 depending on the thickness of the base metal, welding method and the test subject.

Table 3

2.2.1. The samples of a type 9−12 cut in accordance with the devil.9−12 of the sheet metal regardless of the direction of hire.

The samples of a type 9 made in the form of a square plate with a Central hole and inserted into it a disk (example of type 9) or without a hole but with a ring groove (sample type 9b) and in the form of a square plate with a circular groove, formed of four plates of the same size with the polished ends, fastened with four mounting seams on both sides (a sample of the type 9in).

The samples of a type 10 is cut in the form of a set of sample series of different width in the range from 40 to 200 mm for arc welding and from 10 to 40 mm for beam welding regardless of thickness. Allowed when beam welding, the use of composite samples, bonded at the center of the mounting seam length of 50 mm on both sides.

In the manufacture of sample 12 with a thickness of 60 mm or more do not require welding to the rigid plate, and at a thickness of 70 mm and allowed more cutting grooves on two sides of the sample.

The samples of a type 9−12 can be manufactured by forging, casting or welding with the method of manufacturing the test.

Each part of the composite sample must be marked in the part of the sample not subjected to heat or melt during welding.

2.2.2. The samples of a type 9−12 made in the following quantities: sample type 9 — 5 PCs; 10 — 1 set; 11 — 3 pieces; 12 — 1 PC.

2.2.3. Part of sample class 9 fasten the two gloves arranged in the diametrical plane.

Sample type 10, 10b are welded in accordance with the devil.10 technology strap, made of a material of the same brand as the sample. At ELS, and LS welding are no technological bars.

Scarves sample type 11 and sample plate 12 can be made of metal, different in composition from the subject.

Welding welds samples of type 9in, 11 and 12 is carried out by electrodes, which ensures high quality joints of a given side, regardless of the chemical composition of the test weld.

2.2.4. Grooves on the samples of type 9, 10 and 12 can be made in the form of grooves; wherein the test relates to the welding of slit cutting.

3. EQUIPMENT

3.1. For machine used universal test machine according to GOST and GOST 15533−80 7855−84, as well as machines that meet the following requirements:

to provide the combination of welding processes are given in table.2, or a simulated welding cycle with deformation of samples of type 1 to 8 or the dynamic deformation rate of at least 1·10m/s;

compliance (the relative movement of the grips of the machine) must not exceed 1·10m for every 10 kN breaking load;

to achieve a given rate of deformation, and ending with a speed of 1.0 s,

have devices for stretching and bending of the samples is given on features.1−8, and the speed of relative movement of the grippers must be changed smoothly or stepwise with a step of 5−10% in the range from 1·10to 2·10m/s is permitted to conduct stretching of the samples by their relative rotation with a smooth decrease in the rate of stretching along the length of the seam;

have devices for electric-or induction heating samples of type 8 with a speed of at least 200 °C/c to a solidus temperature, without destruction of the sample and distortion of its dimensions;

devices to machines that are used to secure the samples should not allow move and rotate the samples within the grips during the tests;

have deformometer mechanical or induction type with uncertainty of 2·10m for calibration and control of strain rate during testing, and also to measure thermal elongation of the samples of type 8;

to have a device for registering a thermal cycle of welding of accuracy class 0.5 with a speed of 1.0 s.

3.2. For technological tests use the fixture, eliminating angular deformation of the sample during the welding process and ensuring the formation of back bead weld samples of type 9and 10made of steel lined copper, and light alloys — lined with austenitic steel.

4. PREPARATION FOR TESTING

4.1. Welded samples purified from oxides and fat impurities by the methods stipulated in the technological processes of welding of alloys of the same brand.

4.2. Welding materials (electrodes, shielding gases, fluxes, welding wire) prepare technical documentation approved in the established order.

4.3. Specimens of type 1b, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 10b are collected with technological straps by installing the welding tacks for the hell.1, 3, 4, 5, 8 subsequent soshlifovat.

4.4. Check the machine’s compliance with the requirements of section 3.1.

4.5. Set the welding source for a given mode of welding as the source for the simulation of the cycle at a given rate of heating of the sample.

5. TESTING

5.1. During machine testing the specimens of the type 1−7, made of PP.2.1−2.1.4 in the amount specified in paragraph 2.1.8, in turn secured in the grips of the testing machine and perform the welding compound or penetration of entire samples with simultaneous stretching or bending under the scheme of three-point bending or a bending on a mandrel. Schematic of sample loading in the reference Annex 2.

Weld samples of type 1, 2, 7 begin and end outside of the test zone of the seam defined by the incision, or the joint samples (7 and 7b). For specimens of type 1b, 3, 4 and 5 the welding start and finish on the technological channels. For sample type 6 weld begin and end at a distance of 0.025 m from the edge of the sample.

5.1.1. Welding samples is done in the modes shown in table.4; for samples of type 1−3 the welding current choose with full penetration, seam reception and a reverse roller, for forming the lining, the dimensions of which correspond to features.1−3. For samples of type 4, 5, 7 the power of the welding arc choose subject to receipt of a predetermined width and height of the weld for shit.4−7. Example of type 6 proplast in thickness over the features.6.

5.1.2. When evaluating the resistance to formation of hot cracks is to select welding parameters changing welding speed, current and arc voltage is chosen according to p.5.1.1.

5.1.3. The mechanism of deformation during welding of samples type 1, 2, 7 include at the time of alignment of the electrode axis with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the seam and passing through the top of a cut or joint of the sample. For samples of types 1b, 3, 4 and 5 turning on the machine is carried out after the passage of the electrode axis through the intersection of technological samples with a strap and movement along the abutting edges of test specimens at a distance of 20 mm. the Samples of type 6 is subjected to dynamic bending on a mandrel at the time of exit of the electrode axis at the middle of the sample.

5.1.4. The duration of the deformation test of metal should be 1.2 to 1.5 times larger than the residence time of the metal in the temperature interval of brittleness, with the exception of the dynamic deformation test (see table.4). When welding in the modes specified in table.4, the deformation is stopped when reaching the 2/3 of the melting temperature. Allowed appointment time deformation based on results of testing according to claim 5.1, in which successively increase the time of deformation. Choose the time at which no further decrease in this indicator.

Table 4

5.1.5. When testing of the first sample of the series sets the speed of deformation of 2·10-4·10m/s.

5.1.6. After the termination of the welding process and stretching the sample removed from the grippers, which hold back the progress of the active capture to the appearance of gaps between the grips and the sample.

5.1.7. The tested sample is subjected to inspection to establish the quality of weld formation and to detect cracks emerging on the surface.

Examination of the weld metal and fusion zone formed is carried out from both sides of the sample at 10 x magnification.

On welded samples should not be:

burn-through along the length of the samples and in places are pairing them with technological straps;

the displacement axis of the seam from the seam samples is more than 20%;

incomplete fusion or deviations in seam width from the root by more than 20% from the preset value (for specimens of type 1−3).

Samples that do not meet these requirements are rejected.

5.1.8. The cracks opening to the surface of the welded sample, think is hot, formed as a result of the test, if they are located across the direction of deformation of the welded joint.

5.1.9. The sample on the surface is not detected cracks, bent with a press and re-inspect for hidden cracks. Samples of type 1, 3, 6 bent 30° along the axis of the seam and sample type 2 — across the axis of the seam so that the seam was increased in the stretched area. Samples of type 4, 5, 7 destroy it completely so that the seam was increased in the compressed area.

5.1.10. Cracks found on the surface of the weld and the fusion zone after bending, also think is hot. A symptom of hot cracks are also oxidized zone in the fracture, or zone covered by a film of slag. Consider cracks larger than 1 mmor longer than 0.2 mm.

In the presence of fracture surface of non-oxidized traces of intercrystalline fracture does not extend into the joint surface, repeat the test, but after inspection, the sample is subjected to non-destructive methods of control.

If cracks are confirmed by non-destructive methods, then they are considered hot that have arisen during the tests.

5.1.11. Not consider the cracks that emerged in the intersection of the sample with the technological placket and straps on the technology. Cracks in the craters on the samples of type 1, 7 to be recorded in the test report.

5.1.12. In the absence of cracks in the first specimen the speed of tension increase by 40−50%, and when available — reduce by the same amount before the appearance of the opposite of the result set according to claim.5.1.8−5.1.11. The welding conditions and the test procedure remain unchanged. When testing samples of a type 6 change amount of deformation due to the change of the radius of the mandrel.

5.1.13. The test 10−15 samples according to claim 5.1.12 find two speeds that differ by 5−10%. If more of them periodically cracks (not less than 4 samples of 5 tested), and at a lower — no cracks (not less than 3 samples). Between these speeds choose three minimum values at which cracks were formed and determine the arithmetic mean accurate to 0,000001 m/s. This value is considered critical speed of stretching () and take a comparative measure of resistance to metal cracking at a given thermal cycle of welding. When the test sample 6 in the same way determine the minimum ductility in the temperature interval of brittleness.

5.1.14. Recording the welding cycle is carried out with the help of the device according to claim 3.1. Thermocouple when it is introduced into the middle part of the weld pool to a depth of 2−3 mm, and the average cooling rate is determined in the range of 100 °C, adjacent the bottom to a temperature of a solidus. The values of the melting temperature given in table.4.

5.1.15. For testing of weld metal resistance to cracking in multi-pass welding of a sample of type 7b with a welded seam prepared according to claim 2.1.4, proplast non-consumable electrode on part of its height and deform by bending at the PP.5.1−5.1.4.

The remelting speed select table.4 for non-consumable electrode, the amperage according to claim 5.1.1, and time warp is taken to equal 15 seconds.

5.1.16. The presence of cracks is judged by the appearance in neraspavshemsya of the seam zones of brittle fracture according to claim 5.1.10.

5.1.17. The test of tension with simulated welding cycle is carried out in the cooling phase the samples of a type 8, subjected to electric or induction heating and deformation with a machine according to claim 3.1.

5.1.18. To measure the temperature of the loop is welded to the surface of the sample in the test section thermocouple. Zachekanivajut allowed to use the samples with the hole.

The record of the thermal cycle performed using a device (claim 3.1).

5.1.19. The tests are carried out in stages:

finding the temperature of maximum heating ;

measurement of the average speed of shortening of the sample at the cooling stage from before ;

determination of critical speed of machine stretching .

5.1.20. For taking the temperature of destruction of the specimen under the voltage specified in table.4, the heating phase with the speed are given in table.5.

Table 5

The parameters of the simulated cycle for the samples of type 8

The value is determined by the shortening of the sample during cooling from to in a free state:

.

The critical speed of the machine tension is determined at the cooling stage from to on PP.5.1.12, 5.1.13 and control the presence of cracks according to claim 5.1.10.

5.1.21. Tests for metal fusion zones of different chemical composition is carried out at a constant rate of heating and cooling the samples, the values of which are selected according to table.5 accordingly, the method of welding cycle which mimic when testing. define according to claim 5.1.20.

Tests for metal fusion zones with different welding methods carried out on samples of the same alloy and the parameters of the simulated thermal cycle select table.5 accordingly, the methods of welding.

Tests for metal fusion zone at different welding modes, carried out on samples of the same alloy, and the rate of heating and cooling of a simulated thermal cycle set the cycle in compare mode.

5.1.22. Comparison of resistance to hot cracking in the weld metal of different composition when re-welding heating of the samples of a type 8 with a welded seam is carried out at a constant rate of heating and cooling, which is selected from the table.5 accordingly, the method of welding, the thermal cycle which simulates.

5.1.23. The test portion of the sample is subjected to heating to simulate the welding cycle, protecting against oxidation of a jet of protective gas or vacuum created around the sample.

5.2. The technological tests of the samples welded by the methods specified in table.3. The welding speed is prescribed in the table.4, and the power of the welding heat source choose, provided full penetration of the edges and formation of a reverse roller for traits.9.

Weld samples of type 9start over with an oven MITT and lead to closures and circular seam welding of the crater.

The samples of a type 9b weld by filling the annular grooves in two layers, with manual arc welding in three layers, and place the beginning and end of the weld should be the same for all layers. The subsequent weld layers is carried out after cooling the sample to room temperature.

The samples of a type 9in the weld by filling the annular grooves in a single layer, and welding is started in position 60°. The first suture has a length corresponding to the Central angle of 240°. After cooling the sample below 50 °With the trailing weld seam.

5.2.1. After welding the samples of a type 9 is subjected to the quality control of weld formation and the presence of cracks in PP.5.1.7, 5.1.8. Seam and fusion area are searched at 8−10 times magnification. Samples in which no cracks are detected, subjected to the control of ultrasound, radiographic inspection and metallographic control templeto four, evenly spaced around the circumference, and one cut out from a portion of the circuit layers.

5.2.2. In the absence of hot cracks in the samples of type 9, each sample of a series of weld with increasing welding speed by 20% and power of welding heat source according to claim 5.2 to identify the critical welding speed (), leading to cracks.

5.2.3. When welding a set of specimens of the type 10 they are alternately fixed to the conductive support of the welding table with the bolt passing through the Central hole of the sample. The test portion of the sample should not be in contact with the support. First test the sample maximum width and a minimum width.

The initiation of the welding process is carried out on technological a bracket welded to the specimen one potholder.

Weld samples of type 10 is carried out from the edge to the center in the modes specified in table.4, and the power of the welding heat source is selected from the conditions of complete melting of the sample or jumper pattern, or interface of the compound sample. Welding done at the end of the cutting or mounting of the bead.

Welding the second portion of the sample is carried out after cooling of the seam in the first phase to 20 °C.

5.2.4. To assess the quality of the weld formation, the samples of type 10 after welding inspect according to claim 5.1.7, for detection of cracks in PP.5.1.8−5.1.11. In the absence of cracks in the broadest sample in the same welding modes experienced by the other samples to determine the critical width , i.e. the maximum, causing the formation of cracks.

When equality is allowed comparative evaluation of resistance to cracks the coefficient of square of cracks (see table.1).

Allowed when testing sheet metal the use of whole samples of type 9, 10, which perform the welding by melting of the sample and the formation of a seam according to claim 5.2.

5.2.5. Samples of type 11 (Fig.11) are welded in two passes in the modes given in table.4, without the use of technological strips, in the manner shown in table.3. After welding, cut the gusset plate and control the presence of cracks by destruction by bending and tension at the root of the seam according to claim.5.1.8−5.1.10.

In the absence of cracks in the first specimen, type 11, increase the welding speed and the power of the welding heat source while maintaining the leg to identify the critical welding speed (), leading to the formation of cracks.

In case of equality of critical welding speed allowed comparative evaluation of resistance to cracking coefficient to the fracture area (table.1).

5.2.6. Weld samples of type 12 (Fig.12) carry out the methods described in the table.3, through the welding rollers in the root of each cutting. The first seam is performed in the modes given in table.4. Weld begins and ends at a distance of 0.03 m from the edge of the sample. The test is performed separately for each layer of the seam.

After cooling the weld to room temperature, its surface is inspected at 8−10 times magnification. In the absence of cracks emerging at the surface of the seam, following seam perform with increasing welding speed by 20% and the capacity of the arc to maintain a constant height of the weld. The welding speed are changed within a quality formation of the weld cracking.

After welding, the weld specimen is subjected to inspection for detection of cracks does not extend to the surface, and determine the critical welding speed according to claim 5.2.1.

5.2.7. In the absence of cracks in the samples of a type 9−12 with the requirements of the PP.5.2.2; 5.2.4; 5.2.6 the weld metal considered resistant to formation of cracks in welding conditions appropriate sample.

6. PROCESSING OF THE RESULTS

6.1. During machine testing of the welded specimens in tension the critical stretching rate () is calculated by the formula

,

where is the critical speed of stretching, m/s defined according to claim 5.1.13;

the average cooling rate in the zone of formation of cracks, °C/s defined according to claim 5.1.14.

6.1.1. When testing the welded samples three-point bending index is calculated by the formula

,

where is the critical speed of moving average support against the extreme, m/s;

 — distance from the working edge of the center support to the top of the crack identified on the surface of the fracture, m;

 — the distance between the extreme supports, m

The indicator is calculated according to the formula of claim 6.1.1.

6.1.2. By testing samples of type 6 bending on mandrel deformation on the weld surface () is calculated by the formula

%,

where  — thickness of specimen, m;

 — the radius of the mandrel M.

6.1.3. An indicator in tests, the dynamic deformation is defined as the tangent of the angle between the tangent to the function change of the plasticity temperature and the axis of temperature.

Is the tangent from a point on the axis of temperatures corresponding to the upper boundary of the temperature interval of brittleness, the position of which is determined by the temperature at the end of a crack from the heat source at the time of the dynamic deformation of the sample type 6.

6.1.4. Testing with simulated welding cycle index determined by the formula

,

where and define according to claim 5.1.20.

The indicator is calculated according to the formula of claim 6.1 or according to claim 6.1.3, and is tangent from a point on the axis of temperatures, appropriate .

6.1.5. Allowed the samples of a type 6, 8 to estimate the values of the ductility in percent and determine the indicator according to claim 6.1.3.

6.1.6. Indicators and assigned in accordance with table.2 alphanumeric index, defining the sample number and the welding methods used in the trials (, , ).

Indicators and identified the samples of a type 1, 1b, and 2 for metal fusion zones, assign an additional alphabetical index (,).

Indicators defined on the samples with fused edges, assign an additional index (, ).

Indicators that are defined the samples of a type 8 with a welded seam and sample type 7b in the conditions of multi-pass welding according to claim 5.1.15 assign an additional index (, ).

Indicators that are defined the samples of a type 8 when simulating the welding cycle according to claim 5.1.21, assigned to the additional digital index corresponding to the index number method of welding according to table.5 cycle which simulated the test sample (,).

Indicators defined in the simulation cycle according to claim 5.1.21, assign additional numeric index that defines in seconds the time spent by the sample at temperatures

from to (, ).

6.2. According to the results of technological tests of samples of type 9, 11 and 12 determine the critical welding speed , m/s, and indicators that account for the frequency of cracks , m, area , % length , %. These indicators are calculated by the formulas:

,

,

,

where is the length of the seam, m;

 — the area of its cross section, m;

 — number of transverse cracks.;

 — the total length of longitudinal cracking, m;

 — the area of cracks in the fracture of the weld, m.

6.2.1. The results of tests of samples of type 10 determine the ratio of the critical width of specimen , %, which is calculated by the formula

,

where  — the maximum width of the sample;

the critical width of the sample is defined as the average of the 2 results when test according to claim 5.2.4 one set of samples.

6.2.2. When comparing the weld metal or fusion zone formed, having equal values of critical welding speed allowed the estimation of their resistance by the total length of the longitudinal or transverse cracks coefficients and (see table.1).

6.2.3. Indicators , , , (see table.1) are assigned in accordance with table.3 alphanumeric index, defining the sample number and method of welding used in the tests.

6.2.4. Test results issued in the form of the test. Form of the Protocol given in the recommended attachment 3.

APPENDIX 1. Reference

ANNEX 1
Reference

ANNEX 2 (informative). SCHEMATIC OF SAMPLE LOADING IN MACHINE TEST

ANNEX 2
Reference

Test samples of type 1, 2, 3 held: on machines ЛТП1−4, ЛТП1−6, ЛТП1−7, ЛТП1−10 with accessories for fixing specimens, the diagram of which is given on features.1; on machines with vertical movement of the active capture device, whose scheme is shown in hell.1b.

1 — sample; 2 — passive capture; 3 — active capture; 4 platform; 5 — lever; 6 — base;
7 — sponge; 8 — shaping lining

Damn.1

The samples of a type 1, 2 of small thickness is fixed in the grippers according to the scheme given on features.13in. The sample press lever to the grip with the jaws with the notch, and the specimens of type 1b and 2, having openings, fastened, in addition, on the stud the lower jaw.

Samples of type 4, 5, 7 experience curve:

on machines with horizontal movement of the active capture (ЛТП1−4, etc.) with V devices, given on features.2. The sample is placed between two supports, mounted in the housing in which the motion of the wedge is moved vertically, the punch and produce a bending of the sample;

machines such as MATZNICK and machines with vertical movement of the active capture using the tool presented on hell.2b. Sample (longitudinal or a transverse seam) Flex between supports, mounted in the housing, a lever when it is rotated under the force.

1 — sample; 2 — bearing; 3 — housing; 4 — punch; 5 — wedge, 6 — arm

Damn.2

Example of type 6 is subjected to dynamic bending, the mandrel (Fig.3), with the change in the radius of which is connected to a deflection.

1 — sample; 2 — mandrel (replaceable); 3 — cylinder; 4 — piston; 5 — the bottom of the cylinder; 6 — bearing; 7 — return spring

Damn.3

The samples of a type 8 test the tension. This machine is equipped with a fixture for three-point bending (Fig.4), in which the sample is mounted in the grips — takapoto, mounted on a hinged frame. Bending of this frame is produced between the supports punch. One current collector is mounted on a swivel frame through the insulator. The samples of a type 8 experience on the machines LTPS-5 with a horizontal displacement of the active capture (Fig.4b). The sample is pressed against Likopodija clamps and secured to the grippers. One of the grippers is associated with the mechanism of stretching.

1 — sample; 2 — current lead; 3 — clamp; 4 — passive capture (stops); 5 — active capture (punch);
6 — jointed frame; 7 — the wedge-compensator; 8 — insulator

Damn.4

APPENDIX 3 (recommended). Protocol testing of samples for resistance to hot cracking during welding

APPENDIX 3
Recommended