GOST 23862.7-79
GOST 23862.7−79 Rare-earth metals and their oxides. Chemical-spectral methods of determination of impurities of oxides of rare earth elements (with Amendments No. 1, 2)
GOST 23862.7−79
Group B59
INTERSTATE STANDARD
RARE EARTH METALS AND THEIR OXIDES
Chemical-spectral methods of determination of impurities of oxides of rare earth elements
Rare-earth metals and their oxides. Chemical-spectral method of determination of impurities in oxides of rare-earth elements
ISS 77.120.99
AXTU 1709
Date of introduction 1981−01−01
The decision of the State Committee USSR on standards on October 19, 1979 N 3988 date of introduction is established 01.01.81
Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 7−95 Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 11−95)
EDITION with Amendments No. 1, 2 approved in April 1985, may 1990 (IUS 7−85, 8−90).
This standard specifies the chemical-spectral methods of determination of impurities of oxides of rare earth elements (methods I and II) in rare-earth metals and their oxides (except praseodymium and its oxide).
Method I is based on extraction-chromatographic concentration of rare-earth dopants with subsequent spectral analysis of the obtained concentrates; method II — on the concentration of rare earth impurities by precipitation of their hydroxides by ammonia after the recovery of europium with subsequent spectral analysis of the obtained concentrates.
The interval defined by the mass fraction of impurities of oxides for method I:
in the lanthanum and its oxides: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium |
the collector oxide of lanthanum | |||
cerium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
praseodymium | 4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
neodymium |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
Samaria |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
europium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
gadolinium |
8·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
dysprosium |
8·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
holmium |
8·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
erbium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
thulium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
ytterbium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
Lutetia |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
yttrium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
in the thermodynamic equilibrium and its dioxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | collector dioxide cerium | |||
Lantana |
from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
praseodymium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
neodymium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
Samaria |
from 1·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
europium |
2·10% to 2·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
gadolinium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
terbium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
dysprosium |
4·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
holmium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
erbium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
thulium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
ytterbium |
2·10% to 2·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
Lutetia |
2·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
yttrium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
in the neodymium and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector oxide of neodymium | |||
Lantana |
from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
cerium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
Samaria |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
europium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
gadolinium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
terbium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
dysprosium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
holmium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
erbium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
thulium |
8·10% to 2·10% | |||
ytterbium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
Lutetia |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
yttrium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
Samaria and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector oxide samarium | |||
Lantana |
from 1·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
cerium |
2·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
praseodymium |
2·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
neodymium |
from 1·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
europium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
gadolinium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
terbium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
dysprosium |
8·10% to 2·10% | |||
holmium |
8·10% to 2·10% | |||
erbium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
thulium |
8·10% to 5·10% | |||
ytterbium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
Lutetia |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
yttrium |
8·10% to 2·10% | |||
in europium and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector oxide europium | |||
Lantana |
from 1·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
cerium |
2·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
praseodymium |
2·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
neodymium |
from 1·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
Samaria |
from 1·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
gadolinium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
terbium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
dysprosium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
holmium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
erbium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
thulium | from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
ytterbium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
Lutetia |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
yttrium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
in gadolinium and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector of gadolinium oxide | |||
Lantana |
from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
cerium |
2·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
praseodymium |
2·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
neodymium |
from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
Samaria |
from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
dysprosium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
holmium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
erbium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
thulium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
ytterbium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
Lutetia |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
yttrium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
the collector of lutetium oxide | ||||
terbium |
from 5·10% 1·10% | |||
dysprosium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
holmium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
erbium |
from 1·10% 1·10% | |||
yttrium |
from 5·10% 1·10% | |||
in terbia and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector oxide terbium | |||
Lantana |
7·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
cerium |
from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
praseodymium | from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
neodymium |
7·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
Samaria |
7·10% to 5·10% |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | ||
europium |
from 1·10to 2%·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
gadolinium |
from 1·10% 1·10% |
2·10% 1·10% | ||
dysprosium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
holmium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
erbium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
thulium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
ytterbium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
Lutetia |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
yttrium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
in dysprosium and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium |
the collector oxide of dysprosium | |||
Lantana |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
cerium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
praseodymium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
neodymium |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
Samaria |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
europium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
gadolinium |
8·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
holmium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
erbium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
thulium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
ytterbium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
Lutetia |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
yttrium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
in holmium and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | collector holmium oxide | |||
Lantana |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
cerium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
praseodymium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
neodymium |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
Samaria |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
europium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
gadolinium |
8·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
dysprosium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
4·10% to 5·10% | ||
erbium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
thulium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
ytterbium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
Lutetia |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
yttrium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
in erbie and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector oxide of erbium | |||
Lantana |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
cerium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
praseodymium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
neodymium |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
Samaria |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
europium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
gadolinium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
dysprosium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
holmium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
4·10% to 5·10% | ||
thulium |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
ytterbium |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
Lutetia |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
in tuliya and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | manifold of thulium oxide | |||
Lantana |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
cerium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
praseodymium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
neodymium |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
Samaria |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
europium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
gadolinium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% to 2·10% | ||
dysprosium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
holmium |
8·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
erbium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
ytterbium |
from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
Lutetia |
2·10% 1·10% | |||
yttrium |
2·10% to 5·10% | |||
in ytterbium and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector oxide of ytterbium | |||
Lantana |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
cerium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
praseodymium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
neodymium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
Samaria |
2·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
europium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
gadolinium |
8·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
dysprosium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
holmium |
8·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
erbium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
thulium |
from 5·10% 1·10% |
from 5·10% 1·10% | ||
Lutetia |
4·10% to 2·10% | |||
yttrium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
at the hotel Lutetia and its oxide: | ||||
the collector oxide of yttrium | the collector of lutetium oxide | |||
Lantana |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
cerium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
praseodymium |
4·10% 1·10% |
8·10% 1·10% | ||
neodymium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
Samaria |
2·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
europium |
4·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
gadolinium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
terbium |
2·10% to 5·10% |
2·10% to 5·10% | ||
dysprosium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
holmium |
8·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% to 2·10% | ||
erbium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
thulium |
4·10% to 2·10% |
8·10% 1·10% | ||
ytterbium |
4·10% 1·10% |
4·10% 1·10% | ||
yttrium |
4·10% 1·10% | |||
in yttria and its oxide: | ||||
Lantana | from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
cerium | 2·10% 1·10% | |||
praseodymium | 2·10% 1·10% | |||
neodymium | from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
Samaria | from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
europium | 2·10% 1·10% | |||
gadolinium | 4·10% to 2·10% | |||
terbium | from 1·10% to 5·10% | |||
dysprosium | 4·10% to 2·10% | |||
holmium | 4·10% to 2·10% | |||
erbium | 2·10% 1·10% | |||
thulium | 2·10% 1·10% | |||
ytterbium | 2·10% 1·10% | |||
Lutetia | 2·10% 1·10% | |||
The interval of detectable concentrations for the method II: | ||||
in oxide europium: | ||||
neodymium |
from 5·10% 1·10% | |||
Samaria |
from 5·10% to 5·10% | |||
gadolinium | from 5·10% to 5·10% |
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1. General requirements for method of analysis according to GOST 23862.0−79.
Method I
2. APPARATUS, MATERIALS AND REAGENTS
Column chromatography of molybdenum glass (Fig.1) height of 600−800 mm of two types: the column with the water jacket of the column without the water jacket. Diagrams of columns shown in hell.1.
1 — thick-walled tube; 2 — faucet vacuum; 3 filter glass porous N 1; 4 — shirt-water; 5 — ground joint; 6 — holders of glass; 7 — pipe for feeding gas into the system; 8 — a branch pipe for connecting the system with atmosphere
Damn.1
Evaporators made of molybdenum glass (Fig.2).
1 — tap vacuum; 2 — a spiral of nichrome wire with a wire diameter of 0.4 mm and a wire length of 3000 mm; 3 — quartz tube; 4 — cone; 5 — connection of vinyl chloride tubes; 6 — refrigerator with 6 coils
Damn.2
The thermostat TS-16 or similar, which provides hot water to (40±2) °C.
Potentiometer LPU-01, or equivalent, for measuring pH from 1 to 11.
Ball mill metal with a diameter of 210 mm, height 200 mm, weight 4 kg.
Metal balls with a diameter of 30 mm, 25 PCs.
Sieves of metal.
Drying oven with thermostat providing temperatures up to 200 °C.
Muffle furnace with thermostatic control, providing temperature up to 1000 °C.
Motor sewing DSS-2.
The diffraction spectrograph DFS-13 with a grating 1200 lines/mm operating in the first order reflection, and being a lighting system.
The arc generator type DG-2 with optional rheostat or similar, adapted to ignite the DC arc high frequency discharge.
Rectifier 250−300, 30−50 A. Microphotometer geregistreerde type MF-2 or similar.
Spectromancer PS-18 or similar.
Analytical scale.
Libra torsion type VT-500 or similar.
The mortar and pestle of agate or Jasper.
The machine tool for sharpening of electrodes.
Coals spectral high purity-7−3, with a diameter of 6 mm.
The electrodes are machined from high purity coals spectral-7−3, 6 mm in diameter, sharpened to a truncated cone with an apex angle of 15° and a platform with a diameter of 1.5 mm at the end.
The electrodes are machined from high purity coals spectral-7−3, with a diameter of 6 mm with a channel depth of 5 mm, a diameter of 2 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.
Graphite powder of high purity according to GOST 23463−79.
Crucibles porcelain.
Photographic plate for spectrographic type I, size 9х24 or equivalent, providing normal blackening of analytical lines in the spectrum.
Paper universal indicator.
Bath water.
Tile electric.
Reducers oxygen.
Pressure gauges according to GOST 2405−88 1−4 kgf/cm.
Water jet pump laboratory glass.
Separating funnel with a capacity of 2000 cm.
Buchner funnel with a diameter of 132 mm.
Burettes with a capacity of 25 cm.
Glass cylinders with a capacity of 1,000 cmwith a glass stopper.
A glass bulb with a capacity of 1,000 cmwith a reflux condenser.
Volumetric flasks with a capacity of 100, 1000 cm.
The chemical glasses with a capacity of 50, 100, 200, 500, 2000, 3000 cm.
Glass propeller stirrer.
Device, glass, for distillation flask burza capacity of 500, 1000 cm.
Porcelain Cup with a diameter of 210 mm.
Tube rubber.
The polyethylene film.
Silica gel brand KSK N 2 or 2.5.
Oxides of rare earth elements lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium — clean-defined impurities.
Copper sulfate 5-water according to GOST 4165−78, 0.5 mol/DMsolution.
Sodium acetate according to GOST 199−78, H. h, a saturated solution.
Sodium carbonate crystal according to GOST 84−76, H. h, solution with a concentration of 50 g/DM.
Sodium chloride according to GOST 4233−77, a solution with a concentration of 100 g/DM.
Sodium hydroxide according to GOST 4328−77, H. h, 0,1; 0,5; 1; 2 mol/DMsolutions.
Potassium branovitsky according to GOST 4457−74, H. h
0.1 mol/DMsolution (16.8 mg dissolved in 1000 cmof water); prepared on the day of use.
0.1 mol/DMsolution of 3.5 mol/DMnitric acid solution; prepared on the day of use.
0.1 mol/DMsolution of 7 mol/DMnitric acid; prepared on the day of use.
The gaseous nitrogen according to GOST 9293−74.
Ammonium radamisty 0,3; 0,8 mol/DMsolutions with a pH of 4.7.
Arsenazo III solution with a concentration of 0.2 g/DM.
Hydrochloric acid by the GOST 3118−77, H. h, concentrated, 0,01; 0,1; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,8; 1; 1,1; 1,2; 1,5; 2; 2,2; 2,4; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 7 mol/DMtitrated solutions.
Oxalic acid according to GOST 22180−76, H. h, a saturated solution.
Nitric acid GOST 4461−77, H. h, 15; 7; 3,5; 2; 0,3; 0,1; 0,01 mol/DMsolutions.
Hydrofluoric acid according to GOST 10484−78, H. h
Ammonia water according to GOST 3760−79, H. h, concentrated solution with a concentration of 50 g/DM.
Hydrogen peroxide according to GOST 10929−76.
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (), technical (50−70%) and improved (at least 95%).
100% get technical (see p.3.1) or enhanced (see paragraph 3.2).
Toluene according to GOST 5789−78.
A solution of 100% strength in toluene (60% , 40% toluene).
The tributyl phosphate (TBP).
The ethyl ether.
The technical rectified ethyl alcohol GOST 18300−87.
The dimethyldichlorosilane.
Carbon tetrachloride according to GOST 20288−74.
The dimethyldichlorosilane solution in carbon tetrachloride (1:4).
Acetone according to GOST 2603−79.
The ethylene glycol according to GOST 10164−75.
Ascorbic acid, a solution with a concentration of 5 g/lin 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid; prepared on the day of use.
Sec. 2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
3. PREPARATION FOR ASSAY
3.1. Cleaning technical D2EHPA
In a glass with a capacity of 2000 cmis placed 500 cmtechnical D2EHPA, add 250 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, allowed to stand for 5−6 hours in a water bath at 80 °C, while stirring with a mechanical stirrer. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and after separation to separate the aqueous layer (bottom). The organic phase is washed 4 times with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, in portions of 700 cm, 500 cm, addethyl ether, 600 cm3 mol/DMsolution of sodium hydroxide and gently mixed.
Then add 500 cmof a solution of sodium chloride and then mixed. After separation of the water layer (lower) organic phase is washed twice with 1 mol/DMsolution of sodium hydroxide in portions of 750 cmand once in 750 cmof 0.5 mol/DMof sodium hydroxide solution. After that, the organic phase is washed 3 times with a sodium chloride solution in portions of 500 cm.
To the organic phase add 1200 cmof copper sulfate solution and stirred until staining of the organic phase in dark blue color. After separation the phases were separated. The organic phase (upper) was transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 3000 cm, add 1500 cmof acetone, stirred with a mechanical mixer.
The resulting precipitate was filtered off through a Buchner funnel and washed 4 times with acetone, in portions of 100 cm. The washed pellet was transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 2000 cm, add 700 cm1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid solution, 300 cmof ethyl ether and stirred with a glass rod. After dissolution of the precipitate, the contents of the beaker transferred to a separatory funnel and after separation to separate the aqueous layer (bottom).
The organic phase in the funnel is washed 3 times with 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid solution in portions of 100 cm, 5 times with a sodium chloride solution in portions of 100 cm, 6 times ethylene glycol in portions of 200 cmand 4 times with a sodium chloride solution in portions of 100 cm.
The organic phase was transferred into a distillation apparatus and distilled ether and water at 40 °C and the vacuum created a water vacuum pump.
The purity of D2EHPA check obtained by potentiometric titration. Take for titration of 1 g D2EHPA, diluted with 15 cmof ethyl alcohol and titrated with a 0.1 mol/DMsolution of sodium hydroxide. On the titration curve must be a single potential jump. If there are two jump potential, you need repeat the cleaning of the extractant is ethylene glycol.
Mass fraction of D2EHPA in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — the amount of sodium hydroxide solution consumed for titration, cm;
the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
3.2. Cleaning improved D2EHPA
In a glass with a capacity of 1000 cmis placed 500 cmsuperior D2EHPA, add 250 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and incubated in a water bath for 5−6 h at 80 °C under stirring with a mechanical agitator. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel with a capacity of 1000 cm, and after separation of the phases separated the aqueous layer (bottom). The organic phase was washed 3−4 times with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride in portions of 300 cm, transferred to a separatory funnel with a capacity of 2000 cm, 500 cm, addethyl ether, stirred and neutralized with 2 mol/DMsolution of sodium hydroxide to a pH of 7 (control is carried out according to universal indicator paper).
Next, the organic solution washed twice with 1 mol/DMsolution of sodium hydroxide (portions 750 cm), once 750 cmof 0.5 mol/DMof sodium hydroxide solution, neutralized with 2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid solution to pH 2.5 (control is carried out according to universal indicator paper) and washed thrice with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride in batches of 750 cm.
To the organic phase add 200 cmof ethyl ether, stirred and washed 6−8 times with ethylene glycol in portions of 200 cmand 3−4 times with water to remove ethylene glycol.
Purified D2EHPA transferred to a distillation apparatus and distilled ether and water at 40 °C and the vacuum created a water vacuum pump.
The purity of D2EHPA obtained checking potentiometric, titroline
eat (p.3.1).
3.3. Clean TBF
In a glass with a capacity of 2000 cmis placed 500 cmTBP and 500 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and kept at 60 °C, stirring the solutions with a mechanical agitator. The temperature is maintained by heating in a water bath. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel with a capacity of 2000 cm, after separation of the phases the aqueous layer (bottom) is discarded and the organic phase is washed twice with distilled water in portions of 500 cm, three times with sodium carbonate solution in portions of 500 cm, and three times with water in portions of 500 cm.
Purified TBP is transferred into a distillation apparatus and distilled water and butyl alcohol at 40 °C and the vacuum produced by water jet, pump and over cap
M.
3.4. Preparation of silica gel
3.4.1. Ball mill was placed 500 g of silica gel, 25 metal balls and milled silica gel for 25 min and Then the sieved silica gel and the collected fraction is 0.102 mm plus minus 0.075 mm; plus minus 0,075 0,060 mm.
3.4.2. For selection of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm fraction plus minus 0,075 0,060 mm are placed in a cylinder with a diameter of 40−50 mm, distilled water is added (the volume ratio of the solid and liquid phases 1:10) and mix thoroughly. The suspension is allowed to stand for 10 min and decanted the aqueous phase. This operation is repeated 5−6 times until a clear water phase.
Silica gel 5−6 times washed with hot 7 mol/DMhydrochloric acid and distilled water to pH 7 (control are on universal indicator paper). The washed silica gel was dried in a drying Cabinet at 150 °C. the Hot dried silica gel is transferred to a dry glass container and tightly closed with a rubber stopper. If, after cooling on the walls of the flask appears moisture, silica gel should be dry again. The dried silica gel be stored in tightly closed glass containers.
3.4.3. Silica gel with a grain size of 0.1 mm is prepared from a faction is 0.102 mm plus minus 0.075 mm (p. 3.4.2).
3.4.4. Gidrogenizirovanii silica gel
In a porcelain Cup was placed 100 g of the obtained dry silica gel and kept in a drying Cabinet at 120 °C for 1 h. the Hot silica gel is transferred to a dry flask with a capacity of 1,000 cmwith a return refrigerator, add 250 cmof a mixture of dimethyldichlorosilane with carbon tetrachloride and refluxed for 3 h when heated in a water bath, maintaining the water bath temperature of 80 °C. Silica gel was filtered on a Buechner funnel, washed 2−3 times with carbon tetrachloride in portions of 100 cmand two times with acetone in portions of 100 cm. The washed silica gel is transferred into a porcelain Cup and dried in a drying Cabinet at 60 °C for 1 h and then at 120 °C for 2−3 h.
3.5. Preparation of the sorbent
Sorbent receive, soaking portions gidrogenizirovannogo silica extractant D2EHPA or TBP. 40 g of silica gel were placed in a glass with a capacity of 100 cm, is added dropwise from burette, with careful stirring with a glass rod, 24 cmextractant. The sorbent must be dry, powdered pre-soaked for at least 7 days.
3.6. Filling of the column and ready to work
The sorbent is placed in a Bunsen flask with a capacity of 1000 cm, add 200 cmof 0.1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid, heated to 60 °C, placed in a water bath, maintaining the temperature 60 °C, closed with a rubber stopper, connected to a water-jet pump and kept under vacuum until complete precipitation of the sorbent. The sorbent is then stir and the suspension quantitatively transferred to a glass chromatographic column. In a closed column pressurized to 0.2·10PA.
After compaction of the sorbent on it is placed the perforated PVC disk with a hole diameter of 0.5 mm (disc diameter equal to the inner diameter of the column). The sorbent in the column was washed with ascorbic acid solution with a volume equal to three free volumes of the column, and then 0.1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid, a volume equal to two volumes of free columns. Free volumes of the columns is given in sect.4.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
3.7. The technique works by column chromatography
The selection of a concentrate of the impurities of cerium and its dioxide and concentrate impurities of medium and heavy REE from yttrium and its oxide is carried out in columns without a water jacket at room temperature.
The allocation of concentrates impurities of rare earth elements from other rare earth metals and their oxides is carried out in columns with a water jacket at a temperature of 40 °C. the Temperature is maintained thermostatically-controlled water. All the solutions were poured into the column from the top. Solutions that passed through the column with a water jacket, preheated to 50−60 °C. While passing the solutions through the column being followed, the sorbent was always under the layer of solution.
Before the separation the column was washed with a solution of hydrochloric acid with a concentration equal to the concentration of it in the first eluate volume equal to the free volume of the column. After separations, the column was washed with 0.1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid in a volume equal to the free volume of the column. If before the release of the concentrate of all REE impurities on the column allocated concentrate impurities not all REE, after separation before washing the column with 0.1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid it is washed with 7 mol/DMhydrochloric acid in the amounts specified in the respective subparagraphs for elution of all REE. The solutions passed through the column at a rate calculated according to the formula
,
where is the bandwidth of the solution through the column, cm/min;
the inside diameter of the column, see
When preparing speakers to work according to claim 3.6, rinsing it before and after separations, as well as the allocation of concentrates impurities REE, elliragasa after the base element, may increase the speed of transmission of the solutions twice. Bandwidth solutions is supported by pressure created by nitrogen from a cylinder or compressed air. For this column serves a pressure that should not exceed 0.5·10PA.
3.8. The selection of a concentrate of impurities REE
Concentrates impurities get, passing through an extraction-chromatographic column a solution of the sample, followed by separate elution of impurities and the basics suantai, the composition of which is given in methods of analysis of the studied bases.
Item availability foundations in the individual eluate fractions, selected on PP.4.1−4.15, set the color reaction with arsenazo-III. For this purpose, the plastic film is applied one drop of the solution, arsenazo-III, one drop of test solution, two drops of a saturated solution of sodium acetone and stirred with a glass rod. Compare the resulting color with the color control experience.
The blank experiment performed in the following way: one drop of arsenazo-III is placed on plastic wrap, add a single drop of the eluate, two drops of a saturated solution of sodium acetate and stirred; the colour of the solution should be pink.
Purple, blue and green color indicate the presence of part of the basis of the test solution. Fractions of the eluate not containing the base element, is evaporated to a volume of 15−20 cm(concentration of impurities) (PP.4.1−4.15).
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
3.9. Preparation of a concentrate of the impurities of REE to the spectral analysis
A concentrate of impurities is added 20−40 mg of the collector — oxide or yttrium oxide analyzed REE, which must be clean at the designated impurities. Concentrate with additives REE is heated on a hotplate until dissolved and evaporated up to wet salts. Wet salt is dissolved in 10 cm1 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and the solution was filtered through a filter with a blue ribbon, collecting the filtrate in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm.
The filter is washed with 10 cmof distilled water, the washing liquor is collected in the beaker with the filtrate. The solutions were stirred, heated to boiling, and add 10 cmof a hot saturated solution of oxalic acid. Solution to precipitate stand at room temperature for 24 h. the Precipitate was filtered off, washed with 1% solution of oxalic acid, transferred to a porcelain crucible, dried on a hotplate and calcined for 1 h in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 900 °C. the resulting oxide enriched-defined impurities, is subjected to a spectral analysis and find the content of oxides of elements defined according to GOST 23862.1−79
.
3.10. Check the correct operation of a chromatographic column
For the analysis of each of rare earth metal or its oxide use a separate, specially prepared column. The parameters of the columns is given in sect.4. GOST 23862.7−79 — GOST 23862.9−79, GOST 23862.18−79.
On each of the newly prepared chromatographic columns by isolation of concentrates of rare earth impurities of two samples with the additives of the identified elements according to the method of analysis of the investigated framework.
Selected concentrates spectral analyzing method according to GOST 23862.1−79, GOST 23862.8−79, GOST 23862.9−79.
Discrepancies between the results of the analysis shall not exceed the permissible differences given in GOST 23862.1−79, GOST 23862.8−79, GOST 23862.9−79. Otherwise, the sorbent in the column replaced. When using the column for subsequent analysis compare the amounts of eluates prior to the onset of the base element. The difference in the values of these volumes in the different runs should not exceed 5%.
If the volume of eluate until a base element is shifted by more than 5%, perform the analysis of the two samples with the additives of the determined elements. If the results of the analysis are too low, the sorbent in the column should be replaced. After the ten divisions test the purity of the column, passing the eluates, the compositions and volumes of which are given in the methods of analysis of the studied bases. The eluates evaporated and analyzed as concentrates. In the presence of determined elements in the eluates, the sorbent column is washed with solution of 7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid with a volume equal to 4−5 free volumes of sorbent and repeat control experience.
4. ANALYSIS
4.1. Analysis of lanthanum or its oxides
4.1.1. Determination of oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column. The inner diameter of the column 16 mm. Column filled with sorbent (25 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+15 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 40 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A portion of lanthanum metal weight 0.85 grams or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 100 cm, add 6−8 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to dissolution. The solution is evaporated almost to dryness, the REE chlorides are dissolved in 50 cmof 0.01 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. The technique works on an extraction-chromatographic column according to claim 3.7.
The glass, which dissolved the sample, washed with 50 cmof 0.3 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Through the column passed 0,3 mol/DMhydrochloric acid, 180 cmeluate (including the volume of sample and wash solution) is collected in the measuring cylinder capacity of 250 cm(a solution of pure lanthanum). The eluate collected in vials in portions of 5 cm, in each of which determine the presence of lanthanum according to claim 3.8.
The portions of eluate not containing lanthanum, transferred to a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 1000 cm. Through the column is passed 450 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, collecting the eluate in the same measuring cylinder. The eluate is transferred into the evaporator, is evaporated to a volume of 15−20 cm, transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm — concentrate of rare-earth dopants. The concentrate of the impurities of REE was added 40 mg of an oxide of yttrium or lanthanum oxides, prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9, and analyze the obtained oxide of yttrium or lanthanum enriched with impurities of REE, according to GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of each of the oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium (X) in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or lanthanum, %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.1.2. Determination of mass fraction of oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium and erbium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column (size of column is given in clause 4.1.1). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A portion of lanthanum metal weight 0.85 grams or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 100 cm, add 6−8 cm7 mol/DMnitric acid and heated until dissolved. The solution is evaporated to dryness. The nitrates of the REE dissolved in 50 cmof 0.01 mol/DMnitric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. The technique works on an extraction-chromatographic column according to claim 3.7.
The glass, which dissolved the sample, washed with 50 cmof 0.3 mol/DMnitric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column, then passed through a column of 0.3 mol/DMnitric acid. The first 100 cmof the eluate is discarded, then collect 100 cmeluate (solution of lanthanum) into a measuring cylinder and then collect the eluate in test tubes in portions of 5 cm, in each of which determine the presence of lanthanum according to claim 3.8.
The portions of eluate not containing lanthanum, transferred to a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 250 cm. Passed through a column of 150 cm7 mol/DMnitric acid, collecting the eluate in the same measuring cylinder. The eluate is transferred into the evaporator, is evaporated to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into the crucible (concentrate of rare-earth dopants). The concentrate of REE impurities are added 30 mg of yttrium oxide, evaporated to dryness on a hotplate, and calcined in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 900 °C for 1 h. the resulting yttrium oxide enriched with impurities determined by REE, is subjected to spectral analysis according to claim 4.16.
Discrepancies in the results of the two analyses (the ratio of the larger to the smaller result) shall not exceed the oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium values of the permissible differences of 2.2 for oxide erbium-value — 3.
(Optionally entered, And
ZM. N 1).
4.2. Analysis of cerium dioxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column. Internal diameter of column 29 mm. Column filled with sorbent (42 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.1 mm+25 cmTBF, the free volume of the sorbent 60 cm). Filling column see item 3.6.
A portion of the metallic cerium mass of 1.62 grams are placed in a beaker with a capacity of 100 cm, add 30 cmto 15 mol/DMnitric acid and heated until complete dissolution of the sample.
A sample of cerium dioxide with a mass of 2 g is placed in a beaker with a capacity of 100 cm, moistened with a few drops of distilled water, add 5−6 drops of hydrofluoric acid, 30 cm15 mol/DMnitric acid and dissolved by heating.
The sample solution is evaporated to a volume of 15 cm, cooled to room temperature, add 30 cm0.1 mol/DMsolution of potassium bromoperoxidase in water and passed through a column pre-washed 100 cmof 0.1 mol/DMsolution of potassium polnovatogo 7 mol/DMnitric acid. Technique to the chromatographic column according to claim 3.7.
The selection of a concentrate of the impurities of REE carried out at room temperature. The glass, which dissolved the sample, washed with 10 cmof 0.1 mol/DMsolution of potassium polnovatogo 3.5 mol/DMnitric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. The eluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 250 cm. Passed through a column of 70 cmof 0.1 mol/DMsolution of potassium polnovatogo 3.5 mol/DMnitric acid, collecting the eluate in the same cylinder.
Collect 120 cmeluate (including the volume of sample and wash solution). The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 20 cm, transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 100 cm(concentrate of impurities REE). Passed through a column of 100 cm1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid, 100 CCof a solution of ascorbic acid and 100 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluates were collected in glass with a capacity of 500 cm(a solution of pure cerium). Passed through a column of 100 cmof 0.1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The eluate discarded. The REE concentrate is added 40 mg of an oxide of yttrium or cerium dioxide, and heated until dissolved. The solution is evaporated to a volume of 2 cm, dilute with water to 25 cmand neutralized with concentrated ammonia. After the appearance of the precipitate add an excess of ammonia of 0.5 cm.
Solution and the precipitate was heated to boiling and filtered through a filter with a white ribbon. The filter cake is washed twice with a 5% ammonia solution, dissolved in 15 cmof 0.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The resulting yttrium oxide or cerium dioxide, enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, analyzed according to GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or cerium dioxide, %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.3. Analysis of neodymium oxide or its
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
Concentrates impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column. The inner diameter of column of 30 mm. Column filled with sorbent (130 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+80 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 215 cm). Filling column see item 3.6.
A portion of metal neodymium with a mass of 0.86 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 6−8 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide was heated until complete dissolution and evaporated to dryness. REE chlorides are dissolved in 30 cm0.1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid and passed through a column. The technique works on an extraction-chromatographic column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cm0.1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Then passed through a column of 600 cmof 0.4 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 100 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 360 cmeluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 500 cm. Next, the eluate is collected in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of neodymium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing neodymium, is added to eluate in a measuring cylinder and is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm(concentrate I).
Once in the eluate is detected neodymium, passed through a column of 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. 200 cmeluate collected in a beaker with a capacity of 250 cm(a solution of pure neodymium). The eluate is collected in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of neodymium (p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing neodymium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate get flowing through the column 2400 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum and cerium in the concentrate II — oxides of samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
The concentrate I make a 20 mg oxide or yttrium oxide of neodymium, and the concentrate II — 40 mg of an oxide of neodymium and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and neodymium enriched RZ impurities, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxide of lanthanum () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of lanthanum in the enriched oxide or yttrium oxide neodymium %.
Mass fraction of cerium dioxide () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of cerium dioxide in the enriched oxide enriched or yttrium oxide neodymium %.
Mass fraction of samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched neodymium oxide, %.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium and yttrium. For this release I concentrate, and then, after separation of neodymium of 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid (see above), a concentrate II, passing through a column of 500 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Concentrate IIcontaining samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium and yttrium, prepared for spectral analysis and analyze as well as concentrate II.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.4. Analysis of samarium oxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column. The inner diameter of column of 30 mm. Column filled with sorbent (115 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+70 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 187 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A portion of the metal samarium with a mass of 0.86 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 6−8 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cmof 0.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The solution is passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 0.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Wash solution is passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Then passed through a column of 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 80 cmof the eluate, including the volume of the solution of the sample and wash solution, is discarded, the following 70 cmof the eluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 200 cm. Then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which define the presence of Samaria (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing samarium, add to aluatu in the cylinder and is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm, transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I). After the portions of the eluate will be discovered samarium, the next 100 cmeluate collected in a glass — a solution of pure samarium. Then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which define the presence of samarium (p.3.8).
The portions of eluate not containing samarium, transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 2000 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm, and the solution was transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium;
concentrate II — oxides of europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
To concentrate I add 20 mg oxide or yttrium oxide samarium, II concentrate is added 40 mg of samarium oxide, heated to dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis (see section 3.9). The obtained oxide of yttrium and samarium enriched in REE impurities, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or samarium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched samarium oxide, %.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, europium, gadolinium. For this release I concentrate and then after the separation of samarium 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid (see above), concentrate II, passing through a column of 300 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Concentrate IIcontaining europium and gadolinium, prepared for spectral analysis and analyze as well as concentrate II.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.5. Analysis of europium oxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
Concentrates impurities REE get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 33 mm, filled with sorbent (150 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+90 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 240 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A portion of the metal europium mass of 0.86 g or 1 g of europium oxide were placed in a glass with a capacity of 50 cm, add 6−10 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated almost to dryness, dissolved in 30 cmof 0.8 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through a column. The technique works on an extraction-chromatographic column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 0.8 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Next, using a column flow of 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 300 cmeluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 500 cm. Then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which detects the presence of europium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing europium, is added to the main portion of the eluate in a measuring cylinder and is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm, the solution was transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I), 250 cmeluate collected in a beaker with capacity of 500 cm(a solution of pure europium). The eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which detects the presence of europium (see p.3.8).
The portions of eluate not containing europium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 2600 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium;
concentrate II — oxides of gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
The concentrate I add 20 mg of yttrium oxide or oxide of europium; II concentrate is added 20 mg of europium oxide, heated to full dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and europium, defined by the enriched impurities, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide or yttrium oxide europium, %.
Mass fraction of oxide of samarium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of samarium oxide enriched in yttrium, or europium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of gadolinium oxide () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the enriched gadolinium to europium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide-defined elements in the enriched europium oxide, %.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium. For this release I concentrate and then after the separation of europium is 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid (see above), concentrate II, passing through a column of 300 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Concentrate IIcontaining gadolinium, prepared for spectral analysis and analyze as well as concentrate II.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.3−4.5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.6. Analysis of gadolinium or of its oxides
4.6.1. Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
Concentrates impurities REE get into a chromatography column with a diameter of 33 mm, filled with sorbent (150 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+90 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 240 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
Sample of gadolinium metal with a mass of 0.87 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 6−10 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to dryness, the chloride of REE is dissolved in 30 cmof 0.8 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 0.8 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Through the column pass 1 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 200 cmeluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 500 cm. Then the eluate is collected in portions of 10 cm, in each of which detects the presence of gadolinium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing gadolinium, is added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm, the solution was transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I).
Through a column flow of 2.5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. 200 cmeluate (solution of pure gadolinium) is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 500 cm. Next, the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which detects the presence of gadolinium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing gadolinium, are transferred into the evaporator and is evaporated with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 2600 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm, the solution was transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium;
concentrate II — oxides of terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
The concentrate I add 20 mg of an oxide of yttrium or gadolinium oxide in the concentrate II — 20 mg of gadolinium oxide is heated to dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and gadolinium, enriched with determined impurities, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or gadolinium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched gadolinium oxide, %.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium. To do this, allocate the concentrate I, as described above, then after the appearance in the eluate of gadolinium is passed through a column of 300 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate discarded. I concentrate analyzed as described above.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, and yttrium. For this release I concentrate, and then after separation of gadolinium 2.5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid (see above), concentrate II(oxide of terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, yttrium), passing through a column of 500 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid.
The concentrate IIto prepare spectral analysis and analyze as well as concentrate II.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2,
1.
4.6.2. Determination of mass fraction of oxides of terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, yttrium,
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 22 mm, filled with sorbent (50 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+30 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 85 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
Sample of gadolinium metal weight 1.74 g or 2 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 100 cm, add 7−8 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and heated until dissolved. The solution is evaporated to dryness, the chloride of REE is dissolved in 30 cmof 1.3 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and the solution is passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 1.7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column.
Next, using a column flow of 1.7 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 80 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 100 cmof the eluate (solution of pure gadolinium) is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 200−300 cm. Then the eluate collected in vials in portions of 5 cm, in each of which detects the presence of gadolinium (see p.3.8). The first two (in order of selection) the portions of eluate not containing gadolinium, is discarded, and the rest is evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 300 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I).
The concentrate Iadd 20 mg of lutetium oxide, heated to dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained lutetium oxide enriched with defined impurity (terbium, dysprosium, holmium, yttrium), is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of terbium, dysprosium, holmium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched lutetium oxide, %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, equal to 2.2.
4.6.3. Determination of mass fraction of oxides of holmium, yttrium, erbium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 14 mm, filled with sorbent (10 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.10 mm+6 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 20 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
Sample of gadolinium metal with a mass of 0.87 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 6−8 cm7 mol/DMnitric acid and heated until complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to dryness, the nitrates are dissolved in 10 cmof 2 mol/DMnitric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. The technique works on an extraction-chromatographic column according to claim 3.7.
The glass, which dissolved the sample, washed with 10 cmof 2 mol/DMnitric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Further through the column is passed 50 cmof 2 mol/DMnitric acid. The first 20 cmof the eluate is discarded, the next 30 cm(solution of pure gadolinium) is collected in the measuring cylinder. Then the eluate collected in vials in portions of 5 cm, in each of which detects the presence of gadolinium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing gadolinium, attached to the subsequent portions. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 50 cm7 mol/DMnitric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm, and the solution transferred to a quartz crucible with a capacity of 30 cm(concentrate I). The concentrate I add 25 mg of gadolinium oxide and heated until dissolved, evaporated to dryness on a hotplate, and then calcined for 1 h in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 900 °C.
The resulting oxide of gadolinium, enriched with determined impurities, is subjected to spectral analysis according to claim 4.16.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences,
equal to 2.0.
4.6.1−4.6.3. (Added, Rev. N 1).
4.7. Analysis of the terbium or its oxide
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
Concentrates impurities REE get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 25 mm, filled with sorbent (75 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+50 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 135 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A portion of the metal terbium weighing 0.85 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 6−10 cmof concentrated hydrochloric acid and heated until complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cm1 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 1 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Next, the column was washed with 1.2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 80 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded. The following 300 cmof the eluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 500 cm. The eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of terbium ions (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing terbium was added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I). Then passed through a column of 2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 60 cmof the eluate is discarded, the following 300 cmof the eluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure terbium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of terbium ions (see p.3.8).
The portions of eluate not containing terbium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 1500 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II). The concentrate I add 20 mg of yttrium oxide or terbium oxide in the concentrate II — 20 mg of terbium oxide, heated to full dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and terbium enriched in REE impurities, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium;
concentrate II — dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched yttrium oxide or terbium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide terbium, %.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium and yttrium. For this release I concentrate, and then after separation of the terbium 2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid (see above), concentrate II, passing through a column of 300 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid.
II concentratecontaining oxides of dysprosium, holmium, erbium and yttrium, prepared for spectral analysis and analyze as well as concentrate II.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.8. Analysis of dysprosium oxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
Concentrates impurities REE get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 33 mm, filled with sorbent (150 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+90 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 240 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A portion of the metal dysprosium mass of 0.87 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 5−6 cmof concentrated hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cmto 1.1 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 1.1 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Next, using a column flow of 1.6 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 550 cmeluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 1000 cm. The eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of dysprosium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing dysprosium, is added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I).
Then the column was washed with 2.5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 600 cmeluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure dysprosium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of dysprosium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing dysprosium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 2600 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cm, transferred to a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium;
concentrate II — holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
The concentrate I add 40 mg of an oxide of yttrium or dysprosium oxide in the concentrate II — 20 mg of dysprosium oxide is heated until complete dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and dysprosium, enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or dysprosium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched dysprosium oxide, %.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, holmium, erbium and yttrium. For this release I concentrate, and then after separation of dysprosium 2.5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid (see above), concentrate II, passing through a column of 500 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. II concentratecontaining oxides of holmium, erbium and yttrium, prepared for spectral analysis and analyze as well as concentrate II.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.9. Analysis of holmium oxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
Concentrates impurities REE get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 33 mm, filled with sorbent (150 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+90 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 240 cm).
A portion of holmium metal with a mass of 0.87 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 5−6 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cmof 1.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 1.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. The column was washed with 2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 500 cmis collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 1000 cm. Next, the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of holmium (see p.3.8).
The portions of eluate not containing holmium was added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I). Then passed through a column of 3 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 250 cmof the eluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure holmium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of holmium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing holmium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 2600 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium;
concentrate II — oxides of erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium.
The concentrate I add 40 mg of an oxide of yttrium or holmium oxide in concentrate II — 20 mg holmium oxide, heated to full dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and holmium, enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or holmium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxide of dysprosium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or holmium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of holmium, %.
Allowed the determination of the trace only of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium and yttrium. For this release I concentrate and then after the separation of holmium 3 mol/DMhydrochloric acid (see above), concentrate II, passing through a column of 300 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. II concentratecontaining oxides of erbium and yttrium, prepared for spectral analysis and analyze as well as concentrate II.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.10. Analysis of erbium oxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium
Concentrates impurities REE get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 33 mm, filled with sorbent (150 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+90 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 240 cm).
A portion of metallic erbium with a mass of 0.87 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 5−6 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cmof 2 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmof 2.4 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. The column was washed 2.4 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 750 cmeluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 1000 cm. The eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of erbium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing erbium, added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I).
Through the column pass with 4.4 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. 350 cmeluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure erbium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of erbium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing erbium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 2600 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium;
concentrate II — thulium, ytterbium, lutetium.
The concentrate I add 40 mg of yttrium oxide or erbium oxide in the concentrate II — 20 mg erbium oxide, heated to full dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9.
The obtained oxides of yttrium and erbium enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched yttrium oxide or erbium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxide of holmium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide in the enriched holmium oxide, yttrium oxide or erbium, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of thulium, ytterbium, lutetium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched erbium oxide, %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.11. Analysis of thulium or its oxide
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium, lutetium and yttrium
Concentrates impurities REE get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 33 mm, filled with sorbent (150 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+96 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 250 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A sample of thulium metal with a mass of 0.88 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 5−6 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cm1 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cmto 3.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Next, the column was washed with 3.5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 800 cmis collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 1000 cm. Next, the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of thulium (see p.3.8).
The portions of eluate not containing thulium, are added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I). Then passed through a column of 5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 450 cmeluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure thulium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of thulium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing thulium, transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 2600 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium and yttrium;
concentrate II — ytterbium, lutetium.
The concentrate I add 40 mg of an oxide of yttrium or thulium oxide in the concentrate II — 20 mg of thulium oxide, heated to full dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and thulium, enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or thulium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of ytterbium, lutetium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide thulium %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.7−4.11. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.12. Analysis of ytterbium oxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, lutetium and yttrium
Concentrates impurities REE get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 33 mm, filled with sorbent (140 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+90 cm100% D2EHPA, the free volume of the sorbent 240 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A sample of ytterbium metal with a mass of 0.88 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 5−6 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide, heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cm4 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cm5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Next, the column was washed 5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded, the next 650 cmeluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 1000 cm. Next, the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of ytterbium (see section.3.8).
The portions of eluate not containing ytterbium, is added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate I). Then passed through a column of 7 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 600 cmeluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure ytterbium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of ytterbium (see section.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing ytterbium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 1600 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate II).
In concentrate I determine the content of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium and yttrium;
concentrate II — oxide of lutetium.
The concentrate I add 40 mg of an oxide of yttrium or ytterbium oxide in the concentrate II — 20 mg of ytterbium oxide, heated to full dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium and ytterbium enriched in REE impurities, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element enriched in oxides of yttrium or ytterbium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxide of thulium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of thulium in enriched with oxides of yttrium or ytterbium oxide, %.
Mass fraction of oxides of lutetium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide in the enriched lutetium oxide and ytterbium, %.
The discrepancy between the results of two tests (a ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.13. Analysis of lutetium oxide or
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and yttrium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 42 mm, filled with sorbent (280 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+195 cmsolution 100% D2EHPA in toluene, the free volume of the sorbent 520 cm). Filling column see item 3.6.
A portion of the metal element mass of 0.88 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 5−6 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cm5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 30 cm5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Flushing solution passed through the column. Next, the column was washed 5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 150 cmof the eluate, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded. The next 1000 cmis collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 2000 cm. Next, the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of lutetium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing lutetium was added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate of impurities REE).
Then passed through a column of 7 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. The first 900 cmeluate collected in a beaker (solution pure lutetium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of lutetium (see p.3.8). The column was washed 7 mol/DMhydrochloric acid until complete removal of Lutetia.
In the concentrate of the impurities of REE was added 40 mg of yttrium oxide or lutetium oxide, heated to full dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis by the method given in clause 3.9. The obtained oxide of yttrium or lutetium, enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and yttrium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched oxide of yttrium or lutetium oxide, %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.14. Analysis of the yttrium or its oxide
Determination of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 25 mm, filled with sorbent (50 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.06−0.07 mm+30 cm100% D2EHPA free volume of the sorbent 80 cm). Filling column see item 3.6.
A portion of the metallic yttrium with a mass of 0.79 g or 1 g of its oxide was placed in a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm, add 5−6 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 30 cmof 2.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7. The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 15 cmof 2.5 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. Next, the column was washed with 2.5 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. 85 cmeluate is collected in a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 100 cm.
The eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of yttrium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing yttrium, is added to the main portion of the eluate in a graduated cylinder, is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate of impurities REE). Then passed through a column of 7 mol/DMhydrochloric acid. 250 cmeluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure yttrium).
The concentrate of REE impurities are added 20 mg of yttrium oxide, was heated until complete dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis according to claim 3.9. The resulting yttrium oxide enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched yttrium oxide, %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.15. Analysis of the yttrium or its oxide
Determination of oxides of gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium
The concentrate of REE impurities get in an extraction-chromatographic column with a diameter of 32 mm, filled with sorbent (116 g of silica gel with a grain size of 0.1 mm+70 cmTBF, the free volume of the sorbent 190 cm). Populate the column according to claim 3.6.
A portion of the metallic yttrium with a mass of 0.79 g or 1 g of oxide were placed in a glass with a capacity of 100 cm, add 5−6 cm7 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid, 0.5 cmof hydrogen peroxide and heated to complete dissolution. The solution is evaporated to wet salts, dissolved in 60 cmof 0.8 mol/DMsolution of ammonium Rodenstock and passed through an extraction-chromatographic column, pre-washed 800 cmof distilled water to pH of 4.4 cm and 300 cmof 0.8 mol/DMsolution of ammonium Rodenstock. Engineering work on the column according to claim 3.7. The selection of a concentrate of the impurities of REE carried out at room temperature.
The glass in which was dissolved the sample was washed with 60 cmof 0.8 mol/DMsolution of ammonium Rodenstock. Next, the column was washed with 0.3 mol/DMsolution of ammonium Rodenstock. The first 400 cm, including the volume of sample solution and wash solution, is discarded. The eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of yttrium (see p.3.8).
The portions of eluate not containing yttrium, is discarded. 440 cmeluate collected in a beaker (solution of pure yttrium), then the eluate is collected in test tubes in portions of 10 cm, in each of which determine the presence of yttrium (see p.3.8). The portions of eluate not containing yttrium is transferred to the evaporator and further evaporated together with subsequent portions of the eluate. Subsequent portions of the eluate receive, passing through a column of 300 cm1 mol/DMof hydrochloric acid. The eluate is evaporated in the evaporator to a volume of 15−20 cmand transferred into a beaker with a capacity of 50 cm(concentrate of impurities REE).
The concentrate of REE impurities are added 20 mg of yttrium oxide, was heated until complete dissolution and prepared for spectral analysis according to claim 3.9. The resulting yttrium oxide enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.1−79.
Mass fraction of the oxides of gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched yttrium oxide, %.
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 2.1.
4.13−4.15. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.16. Spectral analysis of REE concentrates, selected from the oxides of lanthanum (n.4.1.2) and of the oxide of gadolinium (n.4.6.3)
4.16.1. Sample preparation comparison
References (OS) is prepared immediately before photographing spectra. For this samples on graphite powder (UCP) mixed in a 1:1 ratio with svezhepoymannyh oxides of yttrium or gadolinium, clean-defined impurities.
Samples on graphite powder (Ogpl and OGPA) is prepared by mixing powder of graphite with oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium and erbium (Ogpl) — in the analysis of the lanthanum oxide; with the oxides of holmium, erbium and yttrium (OGPA) — in the analysis of oxide of gadolinium.
To prepare ОГПЛа1, containing 0.2% of oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium and erbium (by weight of oxides) in agate mortar place of 19.76 g of graphite powder and 0.04 g svezhepoymannyh oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium and erbium. The content was stirred for 30 min, adding alcohol until mushy state mass. After mixing the alcohol burn and the mixture stirred for 3 min.
Samples ОГПЛа2-ОГПЛа8 prepare a serial dilution, respectively ОГПЛа1, and then each subsequent sample graphite powder, repeating each time the mixing procedure and burning alcohol as described under preparation of sample ОГПЛа1.
The mass fraction of each of the designated impurities (oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium and erbium) in samples ОГПЛа1-ОГПЛа8 and added to the mixture of graphite powder sample and the previous sample are shown in table.1.
Table 1
Marking sample |
The mass fraction of each impurity determined based on the content of oxides of: cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium; dysprosium, erbium in the mixture of oxides and powdered graphite, % |
The mass of charge, g | |
powder graphite |
the previous sample (in parentheses symbol) | ||
ОГПЛа1 |
2·10 |
- | - |
ОГПЛа2 |
1·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПЛа1) |
ОГПЛа3 |
5·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПЛа2) |
ОГПЛа4 |
2·10 |
12,0 |
8,0 (ОГПЛа3) |
ОГПЛа5 |
1·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПЛа4) |
ОГПЛа6 |
5·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПЛа5) |
ОГПЛа7 |
2·10 |
12,0 |
8,0 (ОГПЛа6) |
ОГПЛа8 |
1·10 |
6,0 |
6,0 (ОГПЛа7) |
To prepare ОГПГа1, containing 0.2% oxides of holmium, erbium and yttrium (by weight of oxides) in agate mortar placed 19,88 g of graphite powder and 0.04 g svezhepoymannyh oxides of holmium, erbium and yttrium. Further, the sample prepared as ОГПЛа1.
Samples ОГПГа2-ОГПГа8 prepare serial dilution ОГПГа1 and then each subsequent sample graphite powder, repeating each time the mixing procedure with alcohol.
The mass fraction of each of the designated impurities (holmium, erbium, yttrium) in the samples ОГПГа1-ОГПГа8 and added to the mixture of graphite powder sample and the previous sample are shown in table.2.
Table 2
Marking sample |
The mass fraction of each of the determined impurity holmium, erbium, yttrium in the calculation the content of oxides in the mixture, % |
The mass of charge, g | |
powder graphite |
the previous sample (in parentheses symbol) | ||
ОГПГа1 |
2·10 |
- |
- |
ОГПГа2 |
1·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПГа1) |
ОГПГа3 |
5·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПГа2) |
ОГПГа4 |
2·10 |
12,0 |
8,0 (ОГПГа3) |
ОГПГа5 |
1·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПГа4) |
ОГПГа6 |
5·10 |
10,0 |
10,0 (ОГПГа5) |
ОГПГа7 |
2·10 |
12,0 |
8,0 (ОГПГа6) |
ОГПГа8 |
1·10 |
6,0 |
6,0 (ОГПГа7) |
The samples stored in packages of tracing paper in a desiccator.
4.16.2. Spectral analysis of concentrates of the REE
15 mg enriched with determined impurities of yttrium oxide obtained according to claim 4.1.2, or rich-defined impurities of gadolinium oxide obtained according to claim 4.6.3, mixed on vellum with 15 mg of graphite powder for 1−2 min. the resulting mixture divided into two equal parts and placed with a spatula and a metal rod in the craters of the two electrodes.
15 mg each of the samples of comparison ОГП1-ОГП8 mixed with 15 mg of oxides REE, clean-defined impurities (for analysis of lanthanum — oxide of yttrium; in the analysis of gadolinium — oxide gadolinium). The resulting mixture (OS) is divided into two equal parts and placed in the craters of the two electrodes. The electrode with the sample or the OS is an anode and the upper electrode, sharpened to a cone — cathode. Between the electrodes ignite the arc of direct current strength of 10 A. the exposure Time from 60 to 120 sec (until complete evaporation of the material). The spectra are photographed on a spectrograph DFS-13 with a grating 1200 lines/mm operating in the first order reflection, from being a lighting system. The width of the slit of a spectrograph 15 microns. Spectra of each sample and each asset is photographed on the photographic plate twice. In the analysis of oxide of lanthanum in the region of wavelengths 390−425 nm in the analysis of oxide of gadolinium 310−340 nm. Exposed photographic plates show 3 min, rinsed with water, fixed, washed in running water for 15 min and dried.
4.16.3. Processing of the results
In each spectrogram photometric blackening of analytical lines of the designated element and the line of comparison (tab.3) and calculate the difference of pochernenija .
Table 3
Basis |
The designated element |
Wavelength of analytical lines, nm |
Wavelength comparison lines, nm |
The range of detectable concentrations of oxides of REE, % |
Oxide of lanthanum |
Cerium |
422,260 |
422,190 |
1·10-2·10 |
Praseodymium |
422,533 |
422,190 |
1·10-2·10 | |
Neodymium |
430,357 |
429,840 |
5·10-2·10 | |
Samarium |
428,078 |
427,265 |
5·10-2·10 | |
Dysprosium |
400,045 |
399,960 |
2·10-2·10 | |
Erbium |
400,797 |
400,600 |
2·10-2·10 | |
The oxide of gadolinium |
Holmium |
339,898 |
340,380 |
1·10-2·10 |
Erbium |
323,059 |
323,070 |
5·10-2·10 | |
Yttrium |
321,668 |
321,640 |
2·10-2·10 |
Two parallel values for and obtained two spectrograms taken for each sample, find the average value . Values and comparison of samples for build calibration curve in the coordinates ().
Mass fraction () of the oxide determined by the impurity percentage in the enriched oxide of yttrium find the schedule for the calibration values .
Mass fraction of oxides of cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium and erbium in the sample of oxide of lanthanum () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched yttrium oxide, %;
the sample mass of lanthanum, taken for analysis, g;
— weight of a calcined oxide of yttrium enriched-defined impurities,
Mass fraction () of the oxide determined by the impurity percentage in the enriched gadolinium oxide find the schedule for the calibration value .
Mass fraction of oxides of holmium, erbium and yttrium in the oxide of gadolinium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched gadolinium oxide, %.
Method II
5. APPARATUS, MATERIALS AND REAGENTS
Magnetic stirrer type MM-3.
The zinc powder according to GOST 12601−76 brand 2 PTS.
Hydrochloric acid by the GOST 3118−77, diluted 1:1 and 0.25 mol/DMsolution.
Ammonia water according to GOST 3760−79, concentrated and diluted 1:1.
The filter «blue ribbon».
Argon gas GOST 10157−79.
Buchner funnel with a diameter of 60 mm.
Crucibles porcelain N 4.
Glasses chemical glass with a capacity of 100 cm.
Glass cylinders with a capacity of 25 cm.
The bulb for the recovery of europium with a capacity of 100 cm.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
5.1. Analysis
A sample of europium oxide with mass of 2 g is placed in a flask for recovery of europium, add 10 cmof hydrochloric acid diluted 1:1 and dissolved by heating. The solution is evaporated to wet salts that are dissolved in 20 cmof 0.25 mol/DMhydrochloric acid solution. The flask is placed on the magnetic stirrer, immersed into the solution, a glass tube connected with the cylinder, install the feed rate of argon is 90 bubbles per minute and the solution purged with argon for 5 min. Then into the flask is administered 2 g of zinc powder include magnetic stirrer and lead the recovery of europium in the current of argon for 10 min. Then switch off the magnetic stirrer, the flask was introduced 12 cmof concentrated ammonia solution, stop the argon flow, transfer the contents of the flask into the funnel
Buchner and filtered through two layers of filters. The filtrate is discarded. Flask in which to carry out the restoration, washed with 15 cmof hydrochloric acid diluted 1:1. Flushing solution is transferred to a Buchner funnel, dissolve the precipitate of a hydroxide, collecting the solution into a clean flask, bring to 25 cmof concentrated ammonia solution and filtered off the resulting precipitate hydroxides of rare earth elements on the net Buechner funnel through two layers of filters. The precipitate is washed with diluted ammonia solution, transferred into pre-weighed crucible, incinerated, and calcined at a temperature of 900 °C for 1 h and after cooling weighed.
The resulting europium oxide enriched with impurities of rare earth elements, is subjected to spectral analysis GOST 23862.2−79.
Mass fraction of oxides of neodymium, samarium, gadolinium () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — mass fraction of oxide of the element in the enriched europium oxide, %;
— the weight of the portion of the sample, g;
— the weight of the portion of the oxide europium, obtained after the enrichment,
Discrepancies in the results of the two tests (ratio greater outcome to a lesser) should not exceed the value of permissible differences, is equal to 1.7.
(Added, Rev. N 1).