GOST 5257-98

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  ГОСТ 5257-98

GOST 5257−98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

ROUGH TYRES
CARBON STEEL
FOR ROLLING STOCK
TRAM

SPECIFICATIONS

THE INTER-STATE COUNCIL
FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

Minsk

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by OOO «National technical Committee for standardization in metallurgy 4», Academy of municipal economy Ministry of construction of Russia and the small enterprise «CAPRIS» HMI, national Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

SUBMITTED to the State Committee of Ukraine for standardization, Metrology and certification

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol No. 13 dated may 23, 1998)

The adoption voted:

3 Resolution of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for standardization and Metrology dated December 27, 2000, No. 424-St inter-state standard GOST 5257−98 introduced directly as state standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2002.

4 REPLACE GOST 5257−89

The CONTENTS

GOST 5257−98

INTERSTATE STANDARD

ROUGH TYRES CARBON STEEL
FOR TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK

Specifications

Rough carbon steel tyres for tramway rolling stock.
Specifications

Date of introduction 2002−01−01

1 Scope

This standard applies to rough bandages (hereinafter bandages) for wheelsets of tram cars. Mandatory requirements for product quality, ensuring its safety for life, health and property of the population, protection of the environment set forth in 3.1 — 3.3, 4.3, 4.4 — 4.8.

2 Normative references

The present standard features references to the following standards:

GOST 8.010−90*. State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Methods of measurement

^* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 8.563−96.

GOST 380−94 carbon Steel of ordinary quality. Brand

GOST 398−96 carbon steel Bandages for rolling stock of wide gauge Railways and metro. Specifications

GOST 1497−84 (ISO 6892−84) Metals. Test methods tensile

GOST 1778−70 (ISO 4967−79) Steel. Metallographic methods of determination of nonmetallic inclusions

GOST 7505−89 steel Forgings stamped. Tolerances, allowances and forging lap

GOST 7564−97 hire. General rules of sample, blanks collection for mechanical and technological tests

GOST 7565−81 (ISO 377−2-89) Iron, steel and alloys. Sampling method for determination of chemical composition

GOST 7566−94 metal Products. Acceptance, marking, packing, transportation and storage

GOST 9012−59 (ISO 410−82, ISO 6506−81) Metals. Method of measuring hardness Brinell hardness

GOST 14192−96 Marking of cargo

GOST 22536.0−87 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. General requirements for methods of analysis

GOST 22536.1−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Method for the determination of total carbon and graphite

GOST 22536.2−87 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods of determining sulphur

GOST 22536.3−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of phosphorus

GOST 22536.4−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of silicon

GOST 22536.5−87 (ISO 629−82) carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of manganese

GOST 22536.7−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of chromium

GOST 22536.8−87 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of copper

GOST 22536.9−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of Nickel

3 Basic dimensions

3.1 Basic dimensions of the tires and their weight shall be as given in figure 1 and in table 1 or the drawings, approved in the prescribed manner.

The nominal dimensions of the processed tires is given in Appendix A.

Table 1

^* Dimensions for reference.

Figure 1

Example of designation of the band width of 93 mm, an inner diameter of 594 mm:

The brace 93594 GOST 5257−98

Allowed:

— on the inner side surface slope of no more than 1°, on the outer — not more than 0.5° with a corresponding increase of the width;

— the presence of burrs on the inner diameter with a width and height not over 3 mm;

— in coordination with the consumer manufacturing of tires in a dual form, and single bands obtained after dissection, the presence on the lateral surface of ledge height to 2 mm;

— according to customer’s requirement to produce tires sizes other than those indicated in figure 1 and in table 1, according to technical documentation approved in the established order.

3.2 the deviation of the bandage from flatness is not more than 2 mm.

3.3 Ovality, thickness variation and raznoshennoy must be within the tolerances for these dimensions.

3.4 the mass of the tires is calculated based on nominal dimensions given 0,5 positive limit deviations for outer diameter and 0.5 negative for internal dimensions, with a density of steel of 7.85x 10³ kg/m³ (GOST 7505).

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Bandages shall be made of quiet steel produced in open hearth and electric furnaces or BOF.

The steel must be subjected to secondary treatment by blowing with argon. By agreement with consumer it is allowed manufacture of tires made of steel with no secondary treatment.

4.2 Bandages must be manufactured forging or forging with subsequent rolling.

4.3 Mass fraction of elements in steel at plavonia analysis of ladle samples should be as follows, %:

carbon — 0,57 — 0,67;

manganese — 0,50 — 0,90;

silicon — 0,20 — 0,45;

phosphorus — not more than 0,035;

sulfur — not more than 0,040.

Notes

1 the deviation on the carbon content of ±0,02%.

2 allowed to become the contents of Nickel and copper not more than 0.30% each, chromium not more than 0.25%.

4.4 Bandages should be subjected to heat treatment:

quenching with separate heating and subsequent release.

4.5 Levels of mechanical properties of metal heat-treated bandages shall not be less than:

temporary resistance to tensile, N/mm² (kgf/mm²), and 900 (92);

elongation, %, — 10;

the relative narrowing, %, — 14;

hardness, HB — 250.

4.6 the bandages are not allowed flocs, cracks, delamination and curled up crust. Gas bubbles, porosity, porosity and non-metallic microflute permitted within the scale of macrostructures that is installed according to technical documentation approved in the established order.

Allowed to assess the quality of the macrostructure of tires according to the technical documentation for the control of the macrostructure of the tires of railway rolling stock of 1520 mm (GOST 398).

4.7 On the surface of the bandages are not allowed slivers, pressed scales, sunsets, cracks, contamination, and stratification by depth:

— 2.5 mm on the inner cylindrical surface of the tires, on the tread surface and the flange;

— 2 mm on the inner lateral surface (excluding the flange).

The depth of the defects is determined by the control cutting or grinding. Allowed on the outer lateral surface of the bands cutting or welding defects to a depth of 5 mm. the Total length of clear cuttings on the same band should be no more than 150 mm, and more than two cuttings in one cross section is not allowed. Cutting must be flat, without sharp transitions.

4.8 the Tires must withstand the impact test (drop tests) or static compression. After the impact tests (drop tests) or static compression bandages must not have cracks, tears and other signs of damage. Impact test or static compression is carried out according to technical documentation, agreed and approved in established order.

4.9 changes of the bandages in cold condition is allowed only on the press.

4.10 On the side of the outer surface of each brace at a distance of 12 — 20 mm from its inner cylindrical surface to be embossed in a hot condition and the stigma of not less than 10 mm and a depth of from 1 to 4 mm in the following order:

— a trademark or distinctive number of the manufacturer;

— the last two digits of the year of manufacture;

— number of melt;

the number of the bandage according to the numbering of the manufacturer.

To change the order of labeling is not allowed. After heat number must be left place for acceptance of stigma. De-coring the stigma of manual way is not allowed, except for acceptance of stigma.

5 acceptance Rules

5.1 To verify compliance with tire requirements of this standard must be carried out acceptance tests, which check:

external view and dimensions (3.1 — 3.3, 4.7, 4.10);

— chemical composition of steel (4.3);

— mechanical properties (4.5);

— macrostructure (4.6);

— impact test static compression of (4.8).

5.2 Bandages present to the acceptance of the parties. The party should consist of bandages, made of one steel smelting, heat-treated in the same conditions. Allowed in one party, the presence of tires two or more sizes. Bandages, lagged behind in the production process of the party, complement the team party up to 250 PCs Team party complement carbon in two groups: 0,57% of 0.62% and 0.63% to 0.67%.

5.3 Verification of the main dimensions and appearance are subjected to every bandage of the party. Brace the deviation from flatness check on the five bands from party. The results of the sample control spread to the entire party.

5.4 From each batch of bandages that was adopted by their appearance, taken one bandage to control the macrostructure and mechanical properties, which is first tested on a shock or static compression.

5.5 After the impact test or static pressure control of the macrostructure. Samples for testing are cut from the least deformed part of the tire.

If you find macrostructure bandages placenow batch is rejected. If there are other signs of rejection on the macrostructure should be subject to control two band. If unsatisfactory results of repeated tests, the entire batch is rejected bandages.

5.6 If unsatisfactory test results are brace for a shock or static compression, but satisfactory macrostructure must be followed by a re-test of the two tires of the same party. If unsatisfactory test results of at least one brace all the bondages of marriage.

5.7 Upon receipt of a satisfactory test results of shock or static compression and control of macrostructure is carried out tensile test and hardness. If unsatisfactory results of any of these tests, a second test of this type on samples selected from the two bands. When unsatisfactory results are repeated tensile tests and hardness should undertake a study of the microstructure with the assessment of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions. The average score of non-metallic inclusions in steel for tires (except non-deformable silicates) should be no more than 4, and for stroke oxide inclusions is not more than 2 according to GOST 1778. If unsatisfactory test results, the entire batch is rejected.

5.8 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of repeated impact tests and static compression, tension, and hardness, but the positive results of the control macro and microstructure, can be repeated heat treatment of the whole consignment of bandages.

After re-heat treatment ties are subjected to all kinds of tests prescribed in this standard. If unsatisfactory results of repeated tests on one of the indicators of marriage party. The total number of repeat sakalak should be no more than two, the number of holidays is not limited.

5.9 If unsatisfactory test results team party allowed testing of tires each heat, a member of the national party, in accordance with the requirements of this standard.

5.10 Each batch of bandages shall be accompanied by a document containing:

— the name of the manufacturer;

— the symbol of the bandages according to the present standard;

— the number of tires;

— number of melt;

— the results of chemical analysis of steel, hardness testing and tensile;

— test results of static compression, go blow;

— date of manufacture;

— the designation of this standard.

6 test Methods

6.1 Inspection the appearance of the band at 4.7, 4.10 should be visually. The size of the tires on 3.1 check universal or special measuring instruments with precision, producing the dimensions and limit deviations.

6.2 the Depth and length of defects on a 4.7 checking the procedure agreed in the prescribed manner.

6.3 Deviation from flatness bandage on 3.2 is determined by the maximum gap around the perimeter of the tire between the side surface on the inner side of the tire and the plane of the plate by measuring the clearances with a feeler gauge or using the device, made according to technical documentation approved in the established order.

6.4 out-of-Roundness of the tire around the circumference of Catania polurazdeta determine the largest and smallest diameters in mutually perpendicular directions.

6.5 the Difference between the thickness of the brace is determined by the difference between the largest and smallest measurements of the thickness of the brace along the perimeter.

6.6 the Width of the bandage should be checked out locations of signs marking distance of at least 100 mm from its extreme characters.

6.7 Sampling to determine the chemical composition of the melt is carried out according to GOST 7565. Chemical analysis of the steel bands is carried out according to GOST 22536.0 to GOST 22536.5, 22536.7 GOST — GOST 22536.9 or other methods certified in accordance with GOST 8.010. The deviation of the chemical composition of the steel of ready-made bandages from requirements 4.3 permitted within the limits prescribed by GOST 380.

6.8 impact Test (drop test) is carried out freely falling weight of 1 m for vertically mounted brace using steel strip with a mass of 20 kg, the bottom of which must correspond to the outline of the test band. The mass of the striker plate shall be not less than 10 t

The minimum drop height of load H, m, calculated by the formula

H = 0,015q, (1)

where q is the mass of the test band, kg.

The value of the deflection of f, % of the inside diameter of the tire, must be not less than calculated according to the formula

(2)

where D is the outer diameter of the tire, mm;

σ_in is the minimum value of temporary tear resistance, N/mm².

In the formula are substituted for the normalized quantities D and σ_in.

When testing the number of strokes shall not be less than three. If the deflection is less than the estimated, the tires are subjected to additional impacts to receiving the deflection of the desired value. The total number of produced strokes are entered in the test report. The temperature of the test tires shall not exceed 50 °C.

When testing for a single static pressure the deflection is calculated as well as in the impact test, but increase by 1.2 times and is measured by the indicator of the press without regard to the subsequent elastic deformation of the tire occurring when the load is removed press.

6.9 Hardness test tires according to GOST 9012 bulb with a diameter of 10 mm under a load 29430 N (3000 kgf) on the cross templet at the locations indicated in figure 2, the average value of three tests and on the flange at one point.

6.10 tensile Test is carried out according to GOST 1497 on the specimen of 10 mm diameter with design length of 50 mm, cut along the grain at the location shown in figure 3. Sampling — according to GOST 7564.

Figure 2

Figure 3

7 Transportation and storage

7.1 Bandages transporterowych all kinds of transport in accordance with the rules of loading, securing and transportation, effective for this transport.

Transport 7.2 the marking shall be carried out in accordance with GOST 14192.

7.3 Storage of tires shall be conducted in accordance with GOST 7566.

8 manufacturer’s Warranty

8.1 the Manufacturer guarantees the conformity of the tyres with the requirements of this standard if the conditions of shipment, storage, installation and operation.

8.2 the Warranty period is 12 months from date of commissioning.

APPENDIX A

(reference)

Nominal dimensions processed tires

Table A. 1

In millimeters