GOST 4728-96

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  ГОСТ 4728-96

GOST 4728−96 axle Billets for railway rolling stock of 1520 mm gauge. Technical specifications (with Change No. 1)

GOST 4728−96
Group В41

INTERSTATE STANDARD

AXLE BILLETS FOR ROLLING STOCK
RAILWAYS of 1520 mm

Specifications

Axle billets for 1520 mm gauge railway rolling stock.
Specifications

OKS 45.080*
OKP 31 0000

Date of introduction 1998−01−0

Preface

1 DEVELOPED MTK 120 «Cast iron, steel, rolled steel», all-Russian research Institute of railway transport (VNIIZHT), State scientific-research Institute of car building (GosNII) and the Institute of ferrous metallurgy of Ukraine (HMI)

INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol No. 9−96 dated 12.04.96)

The adoption voted:

3 Resolution of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for standardization, Metrology and certification, dated 24 December 1996 N 695 interstate standard GOST 4728−96 introduced directly as state standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 1998

4 REPLACE GOST 4728−89

AMENDED No. 1, adopted by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (minutes N 13 dated 28.05.98). The state developed by Russia. By the resolution of Gosstandart of Russia from 18.11.1998 N 403 enacted in Russia from 01.04.99

Change No. 1 made by the manufacturer of the database in the text IUS N 2, 1999

1 SCOPE

This standard applies to the billet of square or circular cross-section (hereinafter — procurement), laminated carbon steel for the manufacture of axles of locomotives, electric trains, diesel and electric trains, wagons, railway and subway cars.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The present standard features references to the following standards:

GOST 8.010−90 GSI. Methods of measurement

GOST 1497−84 Metals. Test methods tensile

GOST 1778−70 Steel. Metallographic methods of determination of nonmetallic inclusions

GOST 7565−81 Iron, steel and alloys. Sampling method for determination of chemical composition

GOST 7566−94 metal Products. Acceptance, marking, packing, transportation and storage

GOST 9454−78 Metals. Test method for impact strength at low, room and elevated temperatures

GOST 10243−75 Steel. Test methods and evaluation of the macrostructure

GOST 14192−77* cargo Marking
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 14192−96. Here and further. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 18895−81* Steel. Method of photoelectric spectral analysis
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 18895−97. Here and further. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 22536.0−87 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. General requirements for methods of analysis

GOST 22536.1−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Method for the determination of total carbon and graphite

GOST 22536.2−87 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods of determining sulphur

GOST 22536.3−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of phosphorus

GOST 22536.4−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of silicon

GOST 22536.5−87 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of manganese

GOST 22536.7−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of chromium

GOST 22536.8−87 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of copper

GOST 22536.9−88 carbon Steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determination of Nickel

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3 MARKING

Example of designation of the axes of the workpiece from a side of the square 205 mm

Square 205х205 GOST 4728−96

4 BASIC DIMENSIONS

4.1 Basic dimensions of the cross section of billets shall be as specified in table 1.

Table 1

4.2 allowed upon agreement with the consumer to produce the workpiece with the limit deviations cross-sectional dimensions of mm calculation according to the actual weight; rectangular billet cross-section 340х360 mm limit deviations mm.

4.3 the Corners of a square piece should be rounded at a radius of 0.1−0.2 sides of the square.

Permitted by agreement with the consumer to round the corners a radius of 70 mm.

Allowed the concavity of the square faces of the workpiece within the tolerances of table 1.

4.4 Collapse (deformation) of the ends of the workpiece when cutting not more than 0.25 size of the side or diameter of the workpiece. Cut end Squareness, mm (a deviation from perpendicularity of the cutting plane) should not exceed 0.1 of a side of square or diameter of the workpiece.

4.5 Length of workpiece dimensional. Allowable tolerances for length is + 50 mm. the dimension of the length of the blanks established by agreement between manufacturer and user.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.6 nominal weight of the workpiece is determined based on the nominal dimensions of cross section taking into account the corner radius of the workpiece, the length half of the length tolerances of the workpiece with a density of steel 7850 kg/m(7,85 t/m). The minimum mass of the workpiece is arranged between consumer and manufacturer.

5 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Workpiece must be manufactured according to the requirements of this standard.

5.2 Workpiece made of steel grade assets obtained open-hearth, basic oxygen or electric arc method.

The steel must be subjected to secondary treatment by blowing an inert gas. By agreement with consumer it is allowed manufacture of the blanks from steel without secondary treatment with an inert gas.

5.3 Chemical composition of steel shall conform to the standards specified in table 2.

Table 2

The total content of sulfur and phosphorus in steel is not more than 0,070%.

Maximum deviations on the content of the mass fraction of chemical elements in the finished blanks are as follows: carbon % manganese % silicon +0,05%, sulfur and phosphorus +0,005%.

5.4 Mechanical properties of the metal workpieces must conform to the standards specified in table 3.

Table 3

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

5.5 surface Defects blanks — films, smoothed out the cracks and dirt, fingerprints and Rabina pressed from the dross with the depth of more than 2 mm must be removed by the manufacturer.

Defects removed by logging, as well as abrasive or scarfing. Cutting and trimming are made in the direction of the length of the workpiece, the place of cutting and Stripping should have smoothly rounded edges, the cutting width of not less than six times depth. The number of cuttings, which reduce the minimum section of the billet up to 5 mm should not be more than four in one cross section.

5.6 End surfaces of the billets must not have any traces of shrinkage and looseness. In the macrostructure of the billets should not be shrinkage, looseness, placenow, delaminations, cracks, bubbles, foreign metal and slag inclusions visible to the naked eye. Are not allowed the regional defects in the form of subcortical bubbles, crusts, foreign metal and slag inclusions to a depth of more than 7.5 mm for workpieces up to 250 mm inclusive, and 10.5 mm for billets greater than 250 mm. Permitted point heterogeneity, Central porosity, segregated squares and Pousada liquation not more than 3 points, common spotted liquation not more than 2 points the churchyard 10243.

5.7, are Not allowed light spots in the fractures of discontinuous samples.

Standards for light spot according to agreement between manufacturer and user.

5.8 the Maximum score of non-metallic inclusions in steel axial elements (except non-deformable silicates) should not be more than 4 according to GOST 1778.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

5.9 (Deleted, Rev. N 1).

5.10 On one of the ends of each blank in a hot condition must be clearly embossed labels and markings with a height of 12−14 mm and a width of 6−8 mm in the following order:

— number of melt;

— a trademark or distinctive number of the manufacturer of the blanks;

— the last two digits of the year of manufacture.

Signs markings twisted paint for acceptance of the workpiece by the quality control Department.

Notes

1, the workpiece in the cold state is allowed to fix a broken signs markings.

2 allowed on agreement with the consumer numbers of the year of manufacture to be applied before the melting number.

3 Blanks of the same size, but different lengths must have a distinctive marking by agreement between the consumer and manufacturer.

4 allowed upon customer’s marking signs for other dimensions.

5.11 Each head piece should be marked in the hot state on the end side of the head portion of the ingot with the letter a, each second blank with the letter B, the third with the letter C.

Allowed blank letter Used to mark, if repeated tests are carried out on this side of the work piece with the letter A.

Allowed blank letter With no marking.

5.12 Packaging — according to GOST 7566.

6 ACCEPTANCE RULES

6.1 Rules for receiving workpieces — according to GOST 7566.

6.2 To verify the quality of the workpiece present batch consisting of workpieces of one melting. If one of melting metal is poured into several buckets, metal bucket think of each individual fuse.

The number of billets for axles of cars in each lot must be no less than 50 pieces in the manufacture of blanks for other rolling stock the number in the party limit.

6.3 If acceptance tests should be monitored:

— surface quality (5.5);

— size (4.1−4.5);

— chemical composition (5.3);

— mechanical properties (5.4);

— macrostructure (5.6, 5.7);

non — metallic inclusion (5.8).

6.4 Quality of surface and basic dimensions tested for each workpiece.

6.5 Sampling for the determination of chemical composition — GOST 7565.

6.6 Verification of the mechanical properties is produced from the roll of one of the bars or one of the axial workpiece from the party.

6.7 Validation of the macrostructure is produced on one templet from two parent workpieces of each batch.

6.8 Control of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions should be on impact samples after testing or from samples for macro.

7 CONTROL METHODS

7.1 To control the mechanical properties and macrostructure of the billet axis from the roll of one of the bars in each lot before the head blank (letter A) cut sample length less than 180 mm.

In the event of unsatisfactory result of any test for re-checking select two samples of the same length from the two blanks with the letter A. the Segments of the stigma of melting number and the letter A.

A re-examination produce the whole range of tests. In the event of unsatisfactory results of a second test sample from at least one of the blanks all blanks marked with the letter a, do not take.

The manufacturer in this case is testing of mechanical properties and control of macrostructure in the blanks with the letter B or from the bottom of the blanks with the letter A in the same manner as for blanks with the letter A. Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results, re-testing of samples from the blanks with the letter B or from the bottom of the blank with a letter And blanks with the letter B is not accepted. Allowed to make test pieces with the letter C in the same order.

Allowed in the manufacture of axial billet and roughing axis (workpiece profile) on one and the same enterprise, the control of mechanical properties of axial workpieces.

7.2 Samples for determining the mechanical properties of the metal workpieces are cut according to the scheme shown in figure 1.

Figure 1 — Scheme of cutting specimens for mechanical tests axial workpiece

a square billet with a side of a square to 230 mm, inclusive; b — billets
with a side of a square more than 230 mm; — round billets; 1 — two bars to four samples
for the impact test; 2 — the specimen for tensile tests; 3 — autogenous cut

Figure 1 — Scheme of cutting specimens for mechanical tests axial workpiece

Cut samples of the blanks, of which cut samples subjected to normalization before cutting them from samples.

7.3 For tensile testing take one sample of 10 mm diameter, with five times the estimated length.

The tensile test according to GOST 1497.

Allowed before the test to heat the samples up to 150−200 °C With the exposure.

7.4 Impact strength determined on four samples of the 1st type according to GOST 9454.

7.5 Chemical composition of steel is determined according to GOST 22536.0 to GOST 22536.1, 22536.2 GOST, GOST 22536.3, 22536.4 GOST, GOST 22536.5, 22536.7 GOST, GOST 22536.8, 22536.9 GOST, GOST 18895 and other methods, passed metrological certification in accordance with GOST 8.010.

7.6 Control of defects of a macrostructure — GOST 10243.

Allowed to control the discontinuities of the metal ultrasonic and external defects — magnetic methods methods agreed with the consumer.

7.7 Nonmetallic inclusions is controlled according to the method of W-1 GOST 1778 on each fifteenth melting.

7.8 the length of the workpiece measured by the limiting means of measurements with acceptable error ±5 mm, and the dimensions of the cross section with allowable error of ±1 mm.

7.9 permitted to use statistical and non-destructive methods of control of mechanical properties according to the methods agreed in the prescribed manner.

7.10 Arbitration procedures of the macrostructure and mechanical properties are the methods established by this standard.

8 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

8.1 Each consignment of the billets must be accompanied by a document containing:

— the name of the manufacturer;

— number of melt;

— chemical composition of the steel;

— the size of the blanks;

— the number of workpieces;

— the results of the test or conclusion about the quality;

— the designation of this standard.

The document must be signed by the technical control Department of the manufacturer.

8.2 Transportation and storage — by GOST 7566.

8.3 Loading, fastening and transportation of axial workpieces on the open rolling stock should be carried out in accordance with the Rules of cargo transportation [1].

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

8.4 Transport marking under GOST 14192.

Annex a (informational). Bibliography

APPENDIX A
(informational)

[1] regulations for the carriage of goods


APPENDIX (added, Rev. N 1).

The electronic text of the document
prepared by JSC «Code» and checked by:
the official publication of the
M.: IPK Publishing house of standards, 1997

Revision of the document including
changes and additions
prepared by JSC «Code»