GOST 5494-95

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  ГОСТ 5494-95

GOST 5494−95 aluminum Dust. Specifications

GOST 5494−95

Group 56

INTERSTATE STANDARD

POWDER ALUMINUM

Specifications

Pigmentary aluminium. Specifications

ISS 77.160
GST 17 9131

Date of introduction 1997−01−01

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the Russian Federation, Technical Committee TC 99 «Aluminium"

SUBMITTED by the Technical Secretariat of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol No. 7 of April 26, 1995)

The adoption voted:

3 Decree of the Russian Federation Committee on standardization, Metrology and certification dated March 26, 1996, 204 N interstate standard GOST 5494−95 introduced as the national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 1997

4 REPLACE GOST 5494−71

5 EDITION. March 2006

1 Scope

This standard applies to aluminum dust (powder), which is particularly fine particles of aluminum plate shape and is used as the aluminum pigments of wide purpose (reflective, corrosion-proof, heat-resistant, decorative and other paints), enamels, varnishes, coatings and for the production of aerated concrete.

The standard specifies requirements for aluminum powder, manufactured for the needs of national economy and for export.

The requirements of this standard are mandatory.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The present standard features references to the following standards:

GOST 12.1.004−91 System safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005−88 standards System of labor safety. General hygiene requirements for working zone air

GOST 12.1.010−76 System of standards of occupational safety. No danger of explosion. General requirements

GOST 12.1.018−93 standards System of labor safety. Fire and explosion safety of static electricity. General requirements

GOST 12.1.044−89 System safety standards. Fire and explosion safety of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indices and methods of their definition

GOST 12.3.009−76 System of standards of occupational safety. The work of loading and unloading. General safety requirements

GOST 12.4.026−76* the System of occupational safety standards. Colors signaling and safety signs
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.026−2001.


GOST 12.4.028−76 System of standards of occupational safety. Respirators SB-1 «Petal». Specifications

GOST 427−75 Rulers measuring metal. Specifications

GOST 4328−77 Sodium hydroxide. Specifications

GOST 5044−79 thin-walled steel Drums for chemical products. Specifications

GOST 5583−78 (ISO 2046−73) Oxygen gas technical and medical. Specifications

GOST 6613−86 Grids wire woven with square cells. Specifications

GOST 6709−72 distilled Water. Specifications

GOST 7995−80 Valves connecting the glass. Specifications

GOST 9147−80 Glassware and equipment lab porcelain. Specifications

GOST 11069−2001 primary Aluminium. Brand

GOST 12697.3−77 Aluminum. Method of determination of manganese

GOST 12697.6−77 Aluminum. Method for determination of silicon

GOST 12697.7−77 Aluminum. Methods of iron determination

GOST 12697.8−77 Aluminum. Methods for determination of copper

GOST 14192−96 Marking of cargo

GOST 15846−2002 Products that are sent to the far North regions and equated areas. Packing, marking, transportation and storage

GOST 17299−78 ethyl Alcohol technical. Specifications

GOST 18300−87 ethyl rectified technical. Specifications

GOST 19433−88 dangerous Cargo. Classification and marking

GOST 23148−98 (ISO 3954−77) Powders used in powder metallurgy. Sampling

GOST 24104−88 laboratory Scales General purpose and model. General specifications*
________________
* From 1 July 2002 was put into effect GOST 24104−2001**.

** In the territory of the Russian Federation the document is not valid. Valid GOST R 53228−2008, here and hereafter. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 24597−81 the packaged goods. Basic parameters and dimensions

GOST 25086−87* non-ferrous metals and their alloys. General requirements for methods of analysis
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation the document is not valid. Standards 25086−2011, here and hereafter. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 25336−82 Glassware and equipment laboratory glass. The types, basic parameters and dimensions

GOST 26319−84 Loads of threat. Packaging

GOST 26663−85 transport Packs. Formation with the use of packaging. General technical requirements

GOST 28498−90 Thermometers liquid-in-glass. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST 29252−91 (ISO 385−2-84) oils. Burette. Part 2. Burettes without waiting time

OST 25.1256−86* Analyzers. Specifications

________________
* The document is not given. For additional information, please refer to the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

THAT 48−5-254−86* thin-walled steel Drums for powders and powders of aluminum and its alloys
________________
* The one mentioned here and below are author’s development. For additional information, please refer to the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

THAT 48−5-286−87 flat wooden Pallet size mm 880х1280

THAT 81−05−74−77 Turpentine gum. Specifications

3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Aluminum powder manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

The powder made from primary aluminium grade not lower than A5 according to GOST 11069 or waste, if chemical composition they are not below grade A5.

3.2 Aluminum dust produced five brands: PAP-1, PAP-2, PAG-1, PAG-2 and PAG-3.

Physical properties and chemical composition of the aluminum powder are shown in table 1.

Table 1

3.3 Powder is a silver-gray color, containing no visible foreign impurities.

3.4 Aluminum powder Packed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26319 sealed in metal drums of the type BT-50-II or RTA-50-I according to GOST TU 5044или 48−5-254, with a capacity of 50 DMto full capacity. For protection from corrosion the outer surface of the drums should be painted.

3.5 Transport marking under GOST 14192. On each reel indelible ink (using the stamp, stencil or paper label) should be applied to handling symbols: «Keep dry» and «Hermetic package»; the trademark or the name and trademark of manufacturer; gross weight and net weight; batch number; grade of powder; the date of manufacture, number of packaging unit; designation of the present standard; a sign of danger according to GOST 19433 main division 4.3, drawing 4B; classified code 4312 group by GOST 19433; serial number UN-1396, and the name of the cargo «aluminium powder uncoated».

4 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

4.1 In accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.005 the degree of impact on the human body aluminum powder refers to the 3rd hazard class.

Inhalation of aluminum dust has a pronounced fibrogenic and slightly toxic effect. Perhaps the development of Luminosa lungs, irritation of mucous membranes of eyes, nose.

4.2 Maximum permissible concentration of aluminum dust in workplace air according to GOST 12.1.005 — 2 mg/m.

Control of the air environment of the working area must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.

Determination of aluminium in workplace air should be carried out by the photometric method in accordance with methodologies approved by the Ministry of health.

4.3 In accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.044 aluminum powder belongs to the group of flammable substances. Aluminum powder suspended in air (aerosol) of explosive, and in a bulk state (aerogel) is a fire hazard.

In the presence of a source of initiation of ignition (burning or glowing body, sparking from the impact and friction, thermal manifestations of chemical reactions and mechanical impacts, electrical discharges, etc.) aerosol aluminum dust at a concentration above the lower concentration limit (LEL) explodes. While settled in the room aluminum dust can go into a suspended state and cause a more powerful explosion. LEL aluminum powder not less than 40 g/m, the estimated values of the ignition temperature of the aerosol 540 °C, the aerogel 320 °C. With the explosion of aerospace aluminum dust, the maximum explosion pressure reaches 0.8 MPa, the maximum rate of rise of explosion pressure is 35 MPa·s, and the average is 25 MPa·s.

These indicators of fire and inflammation are determined in accordance with GOST 12.1.044.

When injected into the powder of the water it may catch fire. The danger increases with increasing dispersion of the powder.

When working with powder it is necessary to avoid dusting and accumulations of settled dust and prevent the sources of initiation of ignition, exposure to dust moisture.

4.4 In accordance with the requirements of GOST 19433 according to the degree of danger the powder will relate to dangerous goods of class 4, division 4.3. Category of danger 431.

4.5 To extinguish an aluminum powder is used: sand, asbestos blankets, dry powders of alumina, magnesia, dehydrated carnallite and fire-extinguishing powders on the basis of chlorides of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Safety sign: «do not extinguish with water» — GOST 12.4.026. General requirements for fire safety — GOST 12.1.004, explosion proof GOST 12.1.010, electrostatic intrinsic safety — GOST 12.1.018.

4.6 Aluminum powder does not produce toxic compounds at high temperatures (fire).

For individual protection of respiratory organs against aerosols of aluminium should I use respirators SB-1 «Petal» according to GOST 12.4.028. Work with aluminum powder should be carried out in dust-proof overalls.

4.7 Wastes should be burned in locations agreed with the local fire Department.

5 ACCEPTANCE

5.1 Aluminum dust take parties. The party should consist of powder of the same brand and weight not more 5 tons and is decorated with a single document about quality that contains:

is the trademark or name and trademark of manufacturer;

— name and brand of powder;

— the batch number;

the weight of the party;

— number of packing units in the batch;

— test results;

— date of manufacture;

— the designation of this standard.

5.2 Verification of compliance with packing and labelling requirements of this standard is carried out on each drum of the party.

5.3 To check the quality of powder with the requirements of this standard from the party selected sample in accordance with table 2. The powder contained in each selected drum, check for compliance with 3.3.

Table 2

5.4 Determination of moisture content, impurities of iron, silicon, copper and manganese manufacturer is conducting at the request of the consumer.

5.5 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results for at least one indicator thereon, a second test at twice the sample selected from the same batch of powder. The results of repeated tests apply to the entire party.

6 METHODS TO CONTROL

6.1 Selection and preparation of samples

6.1.1 Spot samples are taken with a probe according to GOST 23148, immersed in the drum is not less than 2/3 the depth, the samples are combined and thoroughly mixed. The resulting merged sample cut method Kvantovaya or using the jet divider to the average sample weight of not less than 500 g.

6.1.2 the Obtained average sample is divided into two equal parts. One part is passed into the factory laboratory to verify compliance with the requirements of 3.2 and the other is Packed in a tightly closed container and stored in the Department of technical control of the enterprise within three months in case of disagreements in quality assessment.

6.2 determination of the opacity on the water

6.2.1 Apparatus and reagents

The vessel is rectangular in shape with smooth polished edges. The vessel has four screws to control the horizontal level. The size of the vessel 650х200х100 mm.

Plate glass, plastic or plexiglass, length 300 mm, width 20 mm — 2 PCs.

The brush is soft.

Measuring ruler according to GOST 427.

Laboratory scales General purpose of the 2nd accuracy class with a weighing error of no more than 0.001 g according to GOST 24104.

Paraffin.

Distilled water or deposited, satisfying the requirements of GOST 6709.

The use of other measurement tools (instruments, volumetric glassware, etc.), reagents, materials and equipment with similar technical and metrological characteristics.

6.2.2 Preparation for test

The upper edge of the rectangular vessel and the side edges of the glass plates rubbed with wax and polished with a soft cloth. A vessel filled with distilled water so that the water level was slightly above the edge of the vessel. Using the adjustment screws, the vessel set horizontally.

6.2.3 testing

A portion of the powder is 0.05−0.1 g, weighed with accuracy up to 0.001 g, evenly spread a scoop from aluminum or other neiroblastoma material on the surface of water bounded by the two plates. The powder distributed over the surface of the water with a soft brush. Pinching and spreading plate, to achieve that all limited they the surface of the water in the vessel was covered with a continuous smooth layer of powder without gaps, wrinkles and folds.

The surface of the water, covered with a continuous layer of powder, measure with a ruler.

6.2.4 processing of the results

The throwing power of the powder on the water , cm/d, calculated by the formula

, (1)

where is the measured area, cm;

 — a charge of powder,

The result of the test rounded to whole take the arithmetic mean of two parallel definitions, the difference between which with 0.95 confidence probability does not exceed 5% relative to greater values.

6.3 Determination of granulometric composition

6.3.1 Apparatus and reagents

Laboratory scales General purpose of the 2nd accuracy class with a weighing error of no more than 0.001 g according to GOST 24104.

Test sieves with meshes N 008, 0056, 0045 GOST 6613 with a diameter not exceeding 120 cm* no higher than 5 cm.
________________
* The text of the document matches the original. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


Type Cup CHKTS according to GOST 25336 capacity of not more than 1000 cm.

Drying Cabinet, providing a heating temperature of 80 °C — 85 °C according to normative-technical documentation.

The brush is soft.

Ethyl alcohol, technical (hydrolysis) according to GOST 17299, or ethyl alcohol (rectified) according to GOST 18300.

6.3.2 testing

Granulometric composition of the powder determined by wet sieving. Rinse containers filled with alcohol.

The sample powder 1 g, weighed with accuracy up to 0.001 g, placed in a sieve with mesh N 0045 and pour the alcohol. The sample is mixed in alcohol with a brush, holding the sieve above the first container. Then, alternately lifting and plunging the sieve in the first vessel, to achieve flushing of the most part of powder. The operation is repeated in the second vessel with alcohol until the residue on the sieve will not become permanent (the eyes). After this washing operation is repeated in the third tank. The end of the sifting is determined as follows: arising from the sieve of the alcohol shall not contain particles of aluminum. When washing powder in the first container is allowed to use soft brush the length of the pile not less than 12 mm. in subsequent operations to use a brush is not allowed.

After sieving, the sieve is transferred to a clean pan, to drip off the alcohol and then sieve together with the rest of the powder is transferred into a drying Cabinet.

In the airing cupboard the sieve is dried to constant weight at 80 °C — 85 °C and after cooling weighed. Drying finish when Checkweighing, produced with an accuracy of at least 0.001 g, show that the mass is constant or begins to increase from oxidation of the sample.

Dried residue on the sieve with 0045 mesh N are transferred to the sieve N 0056 and repeat all the operations described above.

Of the operation when determining the residue on sieve with mesh N 008 similar to the operations described for the sieve with mesh N 0045.

6.3.3 processing of the results

Mass fraction of fractions , %, is calculated by the formula

, (2)

where is the residue on the sieve, g;

 — a charge of powder,

The result of the test accept rounded to the first decimal place of the arithmetic mean of two parallel definitions, the difference between which with 0.95 confidence probability does not exceed 25% of the relatively larger value.

6.4 Determination of uspevaemosti the spatula

6.4.1 Apparatus and reagents

Spatula steel polished (8) with a rounded end length 140−200, width 8−10, thickness 0.5−1 mm.

Measuring ruler according to GOST 427.

Vial glass with a diameter of not less than 10 mm, a height of not less than 100 mm.

Gum turpentine without pinene on the other 81−05−74.

Resins indene-coumarone brands B/I, I/II G/I G/II, B.

Laboratory scales General purpose 4 th grade precision weighing error of no more than 0.1 g according to GOST 24104.

6.4.2 testing

A portion of the aluminum powder 1.5 g was placed in a test tube and add 10 cmof a solution of indene-coumarone resin in turpentine (250 g indene-coumarone resin per 1 DMof turpentine, the temperature (20±2) °C).

The contents of the tube mixed by shaking, after closing the vial with a rubber or cork. Then the tube is introduced polished steel putty knife and gently rotate it alternately in opposite directions 10.

Then carefully, without touching the walls of the tube, the spatula is removed with a uniform speed of 3−5 cm/s and suspended in a vertical position. When the liquid with a spatula to drain, measure the height of the area of the spatula is covered in mirror dust cover, and an overall depth of immersion of the spatula to the mixture. The measurements produce with a ruler.

6.4.3 processing of the results

Uspevaemosti , %, is calculated by the formula

, (3)

where is the height of the continuous mirror surface, mm;

 — total immersion depth of the trowel.

The result of the test rounded to whole take the arithmetic mean of two parallel definitions, the difference between which with 0.95 confidence probability does not exceed 10% relative to greater values.

6.5 determination of the mass fraction of active aluminum

Mass fraction of active aluminum is determined in an indirect way: by measuring the volume of hydrogen formed in the reaction with sodium hydroxide.

6.5.1 Equipment and reagents

Getvolume (figure 1). As gasvolume can be used standard calorimeter.

Figure 1. Getvolume

1 — glass tube according to GOST 25336; 2 — vessel type SC-0.5 GOST 25336; 3, 5 — valves coupling according to GOST 7995; 4 — thermometer according to GOST 28498; 6 — burette-type 3−2-100−0,2 according to GOST 29252; 7 — equalization flask with GOST 25336

Figure 1

Laboratory scales General purpose of the 2nd accuracy class with a weighing error of no more than 0.001 g according to GOST 24104.

Sodium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 20% according to GOST 4328.

Distilled water or deposited according to GOST 6709.

6.5.2 testing

Weighed dust mass of 0.05−0.1 g for gasolinera or 0.2 g for the standard calorimeter, weighted with accuracy up to 0.001 g, placed in a vial, which is placed in a reaction vessel inclined. In the reaction vessel is carefully poured 30 cmof a solution of sodium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 20% so that the solution was below the edges of the tube.

The reaction vessel is tightly closed with a rubber stopper, through which passes the tube connecting it via the three-way valve with the atmosphere and through two-way tap with the measuring burette.

Before beginning the experiment the measuring burette with leveling bottle filled with water, and then the reaction vessel by turning the three-way tap fragment with the atmosphere and connected to the measuring burette.

The reaction vessel is shaken so that a portion of the solution was in the vial with powder, and immersed in water. The shaking is repeated several times until complete dissolution of aluminium. If you have a slow course of dissolution allowed the heated reaction vessel to 70 °C.

After cessation of evolution of gas and cooling the reaction vessel to ambient temperature the volume of gas measured 2−3 times every 15 min using equalization flask.

The temperature of the cooling water reaction vessel and water contained in the casing of the measuring burette, should not differ from ambient temperature by more than 1 °C. After the gas volume will become constant, measure atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.

6.5.3 processing of the results

Mass fraction of active aluminium , %, is calculated by the formula

, (4)

where is the atmospheric pressure, PA;

 — elasticity of water vapor at the temperature of analysis, PA;

0,000216 — the ratio of hydrogen to aluminum;

 — the volume of the evolved gas, cm;

 — the temperature in the casing of the measuring burette, °C;

 — suspension of aluminum powder,

The result of the test accept rounded to the first decimal place of the arithmetic mean of two parallel definitions, the difference between which shall not exceed 1% relative to greater values.

Control of the correctness of the results of the analysis should be carried out by the method of standard addition in accordance with the requirements of GOST 25086.

6.6. Determination of the mass fraction of fat supplements

6.6.1 Equipment and materials

Tubular furnace providing heating temperature 800 °C — 850 °C according to normative-technical documentation.

Laboratory scales General purpose of the 2nd accuracy class with a weighing error of no more than 0.001 g according to GOST 24104.

Boat porcelain with GOST 9147.

The gas analyzer of the type CGAC for OST 25.1256.

The use of other analyzers, ensuring accuracy of analysis results required by this standard.

Quartz sand, calcined at temperatures below 900 °C.

Oxygen GOST 5583.

6.6.2 testing

Weighed powder of 0.05−0.3 grams, weighted with accuracy up to 0.001 g, placed in a porcelain boat, sprinkle it on top to avoid overstretching by calcined quartz sand and burned in a tube furnace at 800 °C — 850 °C in flowing oxygen. As fat supplements in the powder have a constant composition (stearin), all of the carbon of these additives in a current of oxygen burns to carbon dioxide which is then absorbed in the detector.

6.6.3 processing of the results

Mass fraction of fat supplements , %, is calculated by the formula

, (5)

where  — mass fraction of carbon at the scale of the apparatus, %;

 — correction factor for temperature and pressure;

 — a charge of powder, g;

The 0.76 — empirical conversion factor of carbon to the stearin.

The result of the test accept rounded to the first decimal place of the arithmetic mean of two parallel definitions, the difference between which with 0.95 confidence probability does not exceed 20% of the relatively larger value.

6.7 Determination of moisture content

6.7.1 Equipment

Laboratory scales General purpose of the 2nd accuracy class with a weighing error of no more than 0.001 g according to GOST 24104.

Drying Cabinet, providing a heating temperature of 80 °C — 85 °C according to normative-technical documentation.

Cups type SV with GOST 25336.

Desiccator, according to GOST 25336.

6.7.2 testing

Weighed powder 2−3 g, is suspended in the Cup with error of less than 0.001 g, placed in a drying Cabinet and kept therein at 80 °C — 85 °C for 2 h. Then the sample was cooled in a desiccator and weighed.

6.7.3 processing of the results

Mass fraction of moisture , %, is calculated by the formula

, (6)

where is the mass of the Cup with the suspension before drying, g;

 — the mass of the Cup with the weighed after drying, g;

 — a charge of powder,

The result of the test accept rounded to the first decimal place of the arithmetic mean of two parallel definitions, the difference between which with 0.95 confidence probability does not exceed 25% of the relatively larger value.

6.8 Determination of impurities of iron, silicon, copper, manganese must be 12697.3 GOST, GOST 12697.6, 12697.7 GOST, GOST 12697.8.

Allowed the use of other methods of analysis that are not inferior in accuracy specified below. In case of disagreement, the analysis carried out by the methods specified in the standard.

7 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

7.1 Aluminum dust transporterowych by all kinds of transport in covered vehicles in accordance with cargo carriage regulations applicable to transport of this species.

Forming transport packets in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26663 and the 48−5-286.

Dimensions of transport packages according to GOST 24597. Transport marking of packages — according to GOST 14192.

In accordance with the Rules of air transportation of dangerous goods, weight of one packaging must not exceed 15 kg per passenger and 50 kg for cargo aircraft.

Loading and unloading with aluminum powder should be performed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.009.

When sending dust in the far North regions and equated areas, packaging and transport of powder shall conform to the requirements of GOST 15846.

7.2 the Aluminium powder should be stored in packaging manufacturer in a dry covered warehouses at temperatures above 35 °C at a distance of not less than 1 m from heating devices. The procedure for joint storage with other substances and materials in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004.

8 MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTY

8.1 the Manufacturer guarantees the quality of the aluminum powder with the requirements of this standard, under the conditions of storage and transportation.

Warranty period of storage of the aluminum powder is 1 year from the date of manufacture.

Total shelf life is 1.5 years from date of manufacture.