GOST 4960-75
GOST 4960−75 copper Powder electrolytic. Specifications (with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, as amended)
GOST 4960−75*
Group 56
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR
COPPER POWDER ELECTROLYTIC
Specifications
Electrolytic copper powder. Specifications
GST 17 9311
Date введения1977−01−01
The decision of the State standards Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR from
The expiration time limit is removed by the Resolution of Gosstandart from
REPLACE GOST 4960−68
* REISSUE (June 1998) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, 4, approved in July 1979, June 1981, October 1986, April 1991 (IUS 9 to 79, 9−81, 1−87, 7−91)
AMENDED, published in the IUS N 5, 2000
An amendment made by the manufacturer of the database
This standard applies to copper powder, obtained by electrolytic method, intended for the production of parts by powder metallurgy and other purposes.
The standard specifies requirements for copper powder, used in electrical, instrumentation, automotive, aviation, engineering, chemical industries and for export.
The requirements of this standard are mandatory.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
1. BRAND
1.1. Depending on the physico-chemical properties of copper powder is manufactured in the following grades:
PM — powder unstabilized;
PMS-1, PMS-A — powder is stable;
PMS-To — powder stable konopatochny;
PMS-In — powder stable;
PMS-N — low-dispersion powder stabilized.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
1.2. Applications of copper powder specified in the application.
2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Copper powder must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner. The chemical composition shall conform to the standards specified in table.1.
Table 1
Chemical composition, % |
||||||||||
impurity, not more than |
||||||||||
Brand powder | OKP code | copper, not less than | jelly for |
pig CA |
mouse — Yak | sur- we |
sweet — and- kind | sulfate metal compounds |
calcined residue after treatment with nitric acid |
Moisture, %, not more |
PMS-IN |
17 9311 0008 | 99,5 | 0,018 | 0,05 | 0,003 | 0,005 | 0,10 | 0,01 | 0,04 | 0,05 |
PMS-1 |
17 9311 0003 | 99,5 | 0,018 | 0,05 | 0,003 | 0,005 | 0,20 | 0,01 | 0,04 | 0,05 |
PMS-A |
17 9311 0007 | 99,5 | 0,018 | 0,05 | 0,003 | 0,005 | 0,30 | 0,01 | 0,04 | 0,05 |
PM |
17 9311 0002 | 99,5 | 0,018 | 0,05 | 0,003 | 0,005 | 0,30 | 0,01 | 0,04 | 0,05 |
PMS-K |
17 9311 0005 | 99,5 | 0,06 | 0,05 | 0,003 | 0,005 | 0,50 | 0,01 | 0,05 | 0,05 |
PMS-N |
17 9311 0006 | 99,5 | 0,06 | 0,05 | 0,003 | 0,005 | 0,50 | 0,01 | 0,05 | 0,05 |
Note. At the customer’s request mass fraction of copper powder brand PMS-In — not less than 99.8% for the other brands — not less than 99.7 per cent.
2.2. Granulometric composition of copper powder shall conform to the standards specified in table.2 and 3.
Table 2
Mark | Granulometric composition | |||||
Numbers of sieves with meshes according to GOST 6613−86 |
The largest class of particles, mm | The content of fraction, % | ||||
PMS-IN |
- | Less than 0,045 | 10−25 | |||
0045К | SV. | 0,045 | to | 0,063 | 25−35 | |
0063К | « | 0,063 | « | 0,100 | 35−45 | |
01К | « | 0,100 | « | 0,140 | 5−15 | |
014К | « | 0,140 | « | 0,224 | Not more than 1.0 | |
0224К | « | 0,224 | Not more than 0.1 |
Table 3
Mark | Nominal particle size of the powder, mm | Passage through a sieve with a mesh according to GOST 6613−86, %, not less than |
The residue on a sieve of nominal value, %, no more | |||||
045К | 0224К | 018К | 01К | 0071К | 0045К | |||
PM | 0,1 |
- | - | - | 99,5 | 90 | 65−80 | 0,5 |
PMS-A |
0,1 | - | - | - | 99,5 | 90 | 73−80 | 0,5 |
PMS-1 | 0,1 |
- | - | - | 99,5 | 90 | 65−80 | 0,5 |
PMS-K | 0,45 |
90 | - | Not more than 10 | - | - | - | 10 |
PMS-N | 0,224 |
- | 95 | - | - | - | - | 5 |
Note. Powder brands PMS and PM-1, intended for electric carbonic industry, must pass through a sieve with a mesh 0045К in an amount of from 70 to 80%.
2.1, 2.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
2.3. The powder should have impurities and lumps.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
2.4. Color copper powder shall conform to the sample agreed upon by the manufacturer and consumer.
2.5. The bulk density of the powder and the allowable variation of its values must conform to the standards specified in table.4.
Table 4
Mark | Bulk density, g/cm |
The allowable deviation values of bulk density single packing from the average values of the index in the party |
PMS-A | 1,3−1,5 |
±0,1 |
PM | 1,25−2,0 |
±0,1 |
PMS-1 | 1,25−1,9 |
±0,1 |
PMS-C, PMS-H | 2,5−3,5 |
±0,1 |
PMS-V, PMS-Woo | 2.4 to 2.7 |
±0,1 |
Note. Bulk density of copper powder designed for the electrical industry must meet for the brands PMS-A, PM — a 1.25−1.45 g/cm; for the brand PMS-1 — 1,7−2,0 g/cm.
2.6. The number of particles with a nominal diameter of 10 mm and below, the copper powder brand PMS-And must be 25−60%.
2.7. Copper powder brand PMS-And you must have a specific surface area of particles from 1000 to 1700 cm/g.
2.8. Electrical resistivity of copper powder brand PMS-A should not exceed 20·10Ohm·m.
2.5−2.8. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
2.9. The force on the bending of the raw sample of the copper powder brand PMS-In with a porosity of 25% (density of 6.67 g/cm) shall be not less than 60 kgf/cm.
2.10. The fluidity of the powder brand PMS-In should not exceed 36.
2.9, 2.10. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
2.11. The specified indicators of quality powder brands PMS-In each packaging unit of the party must not differ from the average values of the relevant characteristics of the party by more than ±10%.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).
2.12. Particle shape of copper powder of all grades should be dendritic.
2A. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
2A.1. In accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.007−76 the degree of impact on the human body copper powder belongs to the second class of danger.
2A.2. The maximum allowable copper concentration in working zone air GOST 12.1.005−88- 1/0 5 mg/m.
Air control of working zone — according to GOST 12.1.007−76.
2A.3. The maximum permissible concentration of copper ions in water is 1.0 mg/DM.
The determination of copper ions in the water according to GOST 4388−72.
2A.4. In aerial environment and waste waters in the presence of other substances or factors of the copper powder of toxic substances does not form.
2A.5. Copper powder fire — and explosion.
Sec. 2A. (Added, Rev. N 3).
3. ACCEPTANCE RULES
3.1. Copper powder for the acceptance of present parties with a mass of 1000 kg. the lot consists of the average of the powder of the same brand, manufactured in one technological regime and drawn up by one document on quality.
The document about quality should contain:
— trademark or a trademark and the name of the manufacturer;
— name and brand of powder;
— the batch number;
— the number of seats in the party;
— net weight and gross;
— results of analyses and tests;
— date of manufacture;
— the designation of this standard.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
3.2. To check the quality of the copper powder with the requirements of this standard and check the tightness of the packing from the party taking the sample according to table.5.
Table 5
The number of units in the party |
The sample size for verification (number of units) | |||||
From | 1 | to | 5 | incl. | All | |
SV. | 5 | « | 15 | « | 5 | |
« | 15 | « | 30 | « | 7 |
3.3. Determination of the copper content and impurities, in the form of particles, the manufacturer conducts periodic, at least once per month; the mass fraction of moisture in every fifth game.
3.4. The presence of foreign inclusions and lumps check each packaging unit.
3.5. If unsatisfactory results of the analysis at least one indicator thereon, a second test at twice the sample taken from the same batch of copper powder. The results of repeated tests apply to the entire party.
3.3−3.5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
4. TEST METHODS
4.1. Sampling and sample preparation — according to GOST 23148−78* with the following additions: the mass of the spot samples should be not less than 0.2% of the mass of packing units; the mass of the joint sample shall be not less than 0.2% of the batch weight.
______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 23148−98. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
4.2. The combined sample was mixed thoroughly and cut method Kvantovaya to a representative sample of 500 g
4.3. Determination of the mass fraction of copper GOST 13938.1−78*, iron, lead, antimony and arsenic — GOST 9717.1−82*-GOST 9717.3−82, GOST or 13938.4−78*, GOST 13938.7−78*, GOST 13938.10−78*, GOST 13938.11−78.
______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 31382−2009. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
4.1−4.3. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
4.4. Determination of oxygen content GOST 27417−87*. Allowed on agreement between the consumer and the manufacturer to determine the mass loss during annealing in hydrogen according to GOST 18897−73**. If there are differences in the content of the oxygen analysis is carried out according to GOST 27417−87*.
______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 27417−98;
** On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 18897−98. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
4.4.1−4.4.5. (Deleted, Rev. N 4).
4.5. The content of sulfate compounds of metals in terms of the ion SOis determined according to GOST 10671.5−74 with the following addition.
The weight of the portion not less than 100 g Sample is placed in a beaker with capacity of 500 cm, add 100 cmof water and heated for 30−40 min in a boiling water bath with constant stirring. Filtered through a double filter of medium density, the powder is washed by decantation 2−3 times. The filtrate is placed in a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 cm, adjusted to the mark with water and mix. Aliquot part of the solution is 2−10 cm(depending on the mass fraction of the ion SO) is placed in a volumetric flask with a capacity of 25 cm, add 0.5−1 cmof hydrochloric acid diluted 1:1, 3 cm ofstarch solution and mix. Then pour 3 cmof barium chloride, made up to the mark with water and mix again. Further analysis is carried out according to GOST 10671.5−74 (photojournalistically method).
In solutions comparison must be 0; 0,01; 0,02; 0,04; 0,06; 0,08; 0,10; 0,15; 0,20 mg ion SO.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
4.6. Determination of content of insoluble in nitric acid residue
4.6.1. Equipment and reagents
Analytical scale.
Glasses with a capacity of 500 cm.
Crucibles porcelain with GOST 9147−80.
Desiccators.
Nitric acid GOST 4461−77.
Ashless filters.
4.6.2. Analysis
A sample of copper powder weighing 5 g is weighed with accuracy up to 0.0002 g, placed in a beaker with capacity of 500 cm, pour small portions of nitric acid diluted 1:1 in the amount of 100−120 cmand cover with a watch glass. Dissolution are without heating.
At the end of the reaction the contents of the Cup is heated, boil for 10−15 minutes, after which the solution was diluted with distilled water and filtered. The residue on the filter washed several times with hot water until the disappearance of the reaction of wash water on copper (hexacyanoferrate potassium). The filter with precipitate was placed in a calcined and weighed porcelain crucible, carefully incinerated and calcined in a muffle furnace to constant weight at a temperature of 800−850 °C. the Crucible with the calcined residue is cooled in desiccator and weighed.
4.6.3. Processing of the results
The content of insoluble in nitric acid balance () percentage calculated by the formula
,
where — the mass of the ignited insoluble residue, g;
— the mass of the powder before calcination,
The analysis result should be the arithmetic mean of two parallel definitions, permissible difference between them should not exceed 0,005%.
4.7. Allowed to determine the chemical composition of the powder other methods that give similar accuracy.
4.8. Determination of granulometric composition
Particle size distribution was determined by sieve analysis using a set of sieves with mesh according to GOST 6613−86.
The weight of the specimen copper powder brand PMS-In for sieve analysis shall be 100 grams for other grades — 25 g.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
4.8.1. Analysis
Sieve stack on the increasing size of cells, the tray is placed under the sieves. The test sample is poured into the top sieve and cover it with a lid. A system of sieves placed on the shaker brand 029М and turn it on 20 min (frequency shakes from 140 to 180 per minute). Some factions are poured from the sieves and tray and weighed with an accuracy of at least 0,01 g.
The mass of test portions of all fractions for powder brand PMS-In must be at least 99% of the mass of the test sample for powder remaining brands — 98% of the mass of the test sample.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
4.8.2. Processing of the results
The contents of individual fractions () in percent calculated with an error of not more than 0.1% by the formula
,
where is the mass of test sample, g;
— the mass of this fraction,
4.9. The number of particles of copper powder with a nominal diameter of not more than 10 µm define a sedimentation analysis by the method agreed between the parties.
4.10. Determination of bulk density is carried out according to GOST 19440−94.
4.11. Determination of yield strength — according to GOST 20899−75** using the funnel for God.3*.
______________
* Drawings 1, 2. (Deleted, Rev. N 3, 4).
** On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 20899−98. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
4.11.1−4.11.4. (Deleted, Rev. N 3).
Damn.3. Installation for determining fluidity
Installation for determining fluidity
1 — funnel, made of paramagnetic material hardness 140 HB (steel stamps Ст40Х), with a calibrated output hole diameter of 2.54 mm; 2 — cylinder-catcher; 3 — rack; 4 — front
Damn.3
4.12. Determination of strength of raw pressing
4.12.1. The essence of the method lies in the ability of the sample with a given density to withstand a bending stress not less than 60 kgf/cm.
4.12.2. Equipment and instruments
Press-form.
Test press of any structure allowing for compression testing efforts from 0 to 10 and allowing the vehicle to apply a load at 10 kgf/min.
Testing machine up to 20 kg.
Scales with a weighing error of no more than 0.01 g.
Micrometer MK MK 25−1 or 50−1 GOST 6507−90.
4.12.3. Testing
The test is performed on compacted specimens with a length of (30±0,1) mm, width (10±0.1) mm, thickness 5.0 to 6.0 mm. in the manufacture of samples the inner surface of the matrix lubricated with a brush with a solution consisting of 100 g stearate of zinc, dissolved in 1 DMtrichlormethane, then dry the surface with a blower.
The weight () grams for the manufacture of a sample is calculated by the formula
,
where is the specified compaction, g/cm;
— the amount of compression, cm.
Sleep weighed to the matrix, spread evenly and produce a pressing pressure of 350 kgf/cm. The force applied to the sample twice. The test is conducted not less than three samples.
Noting the upper part of the sample subjected to pressing challenges. The pressure on the compression is applied gradually, increasing it at a rate of 10 kgs per minute and note value at the moment of sample destruction.
4.12.2,
4.12.4. Processing of the results
The tensile strength of the compact () in kgf/cmis calculated by the formula
,
where stress at the time of the break, kgf;
— distance between supports, mm;
— sample thickness, mm;
— sample width, mm.
The test result should be the arithmetic mean of the results of the three definitions, the difference between them should not exceed 0.1 kgf/cm.
4.13. Determination of specific surface
4.13.1. Equipment
Device PSC-4 PSC-2, or ADP-3.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).
4.13.2. Testing
A portion of the powder mass 30 g is placed in a cuvette on a layer of filter paper, spread a light tapping and seal the plunger (by hand) for the device ADP-3 with a prefix to this device. Then measure the height of the layer with a cone on the tape plunger and scales on the outer surface of the cuvette and using the pears on powder creates a vacuum, the value of which shall be such that the liquid in the manometer rose to the level of the upper cones. Measure the time (in seconds) the passage of the liquid meniscus in the manometer between the two risks and the air temperature.
4.13.3. Processing of the results
Specific surface area (a) in cm/g is calculated by the formula
,
where — a constant of the device, specified in the passport of the device;
— coefficient for the measured layer height and air temperature found on the table attached to the user device;
— lowering time of the meniscus between the risk;
— the weight of the portion,
The test result should be the arithmetic mean of the results of the three definitions, the difference between them should not exceed 0.1 m/kg.
4.13.2,
4.13.4. In the event of a dispute between the manufacturer and the consumer analysis carried out on the device ADP-3.
(Added, Rev. N 3).
4.14. Electrical resistivity of copper powder is determined according to the method agreed upon by the manufacturer and consumer.
4.15. The moisture content of the powder is determined according to GOST 18317−94.
Allowed to carry out the determination of moisture content GOST 2477−65 with the use as solvent of toluene (by the method of Dean and stark).
4.16. The shape of the particle is determined using a microscope at 300 times magnification according to GOST 25849−83.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
4.17. Control the absence of foreign inclusions and lumps is carried out by visual inspection and sifting through a sieve N 018К (GOST 6613−86) part of the United sample according to claim 4.1.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
4.18. Allowed the use of other test methods, not inferior to the accuracy specified in the standard. If there is disagreement in quality assessment between manufacturer and consumer tests are conducted by the methods specified in this standard.
(Added, Rev. N 3).
5. PACKING, MARKING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
5.1. Copper powder is Packed in steel drums type II Baccording to the GOST 5044−79 with inner plastic bag according to the GOST 17811−78. Capacity of drums 25, 45, 50, 80 DM.
On the surface of the unstabilized powder, put the linen bag with the silica gel brand KSM or ShSM (GOST 3956−76) weighing 50 g. Plastic bags are made linked or dual linked, providing sealing during transportation and storage.
By agreement with the consumer packaging of copper powder in drums of smaller capacity, and the drums of another type according to the GOST 5044−79 with a plastic bag according to the GOST 17811−78 or other containers the quality is not below the specified types of packaging, ensuring the safety of the powder during transportation and storage, with a plastic bag according to the GOST 17811−78.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 3, 4).
5.2. Each drum should be marked with a stencil with indelible paint or glued paper labels:
— trademark or name of manufacturer and its trademark;
— the product name;
brand;
— batch number;
— number of package units;
— the date of manufacture.
— gross mass;
— weight;
the designation of the present standard.
In the packaging the number one place should be embedded in the document about quality. In the marking of the packaging must be further specified: «the instrument of quality».
Copper powder intended for export, and mark transporterowych in accordance with the order of foreign trade enterprises.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).
5.3. Transport marking of containers — according to GOST 14192−96 with application of manipulation signs «Keep away from moisture» and «Sealed package».
5.4. Transportation of copper powder is produced by all kinds of transport in covered vehicles in accordance with cargo carriage regulations applicable to transport of this species. By rail — small and carload shipments.
Drums transporterowych in packaged form in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26663−85 and goods transportation regulations approved by the relevant departments.
If you package should be used in flat wooden pallets according to GOST 9557−87или box and rack pallets according to GOST 9570−84, or disposable pallets according to GOST 26381−84, and metal pallets according to GOST 9078−84.
The means of fastening of packages — according to GOST 21650−76. Dimensions of packages — according to GOST 24597−81.
Allowed the transport of copper powder in unbatched form, if the party is less than four reels.
Not allowed transport of copper powder with substances of class 5.1 GOST 19433−88.
Loading and unloading in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.009−76.
5.3, 5.4. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
5.5. Powder stored in the manufacturer’s packaging in closed spaces at a temperature not above +25 °C, in the absence of ambient atmosphere oxidizing substances.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).
6. MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTY
6.1. Copper powder must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer. The manufacturer must guarantee the conformity of copper powder with the requirements of this standard, subject to consumer storage conditions established by the standard.
Warranty period of storage of copper powder brands PMS-V, PMS-1, PMS-A, PMS-C, PMS-N six months, the brand PM two months from the date of manufacture.
After the warranty period of storage of the copper powder can be applied after checking for compliance with all requirements of this standard.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).
APPLICATION (recommended). Applications of copper powder
APP
Recommended
Mark | Application |
PMS-PM | In the automotive industry |
In aviation, electrical, chemical, engineering industries for the manufacture of critical parts, brushes of electrical machines and filters for fine purification of oils | |
PMS-1 | In powder metallurgy for production of sintered products, rings, bushings, etc., in instrument |
PMS-K | In electric carbonic industries for sealing contact |
PMS-N | In metal-ceramic industry for the manufacture of less critical parts |
APP. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).