GOST 33439-2015
GOST 33439−2015 steel Products, ferrous and iron-Nickel alloys and Nickel-based. Terms and definitions heat treatment
GOST 33439−2015
INTERSTATE STANDARD
METAL PRODUCTS, FERROUS AND IRON-NICKEL ALLOYS AND NICKEL-BASED
Terms and definitions heat treatment
Metal products, ferrous metals and alloys on iron-nickel and nickel-based. Heat treatment terms and definitions
ISS 77.080.01
Date of introduction 2016−09−01
Preface
Goals, basic principles and main procedure of works on interstate standardization have been established in GOST 1.0−92 «interstate standardization system. Basic provisions» and GOST 1.2−2009 «interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations on interstate standardization. Rules of development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"
Data on standard
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal state unitary enterprise «Central research Institute of ferrous metallurgy them.And.P.Bardina» (FSUE «tsniichermet im.And.P.Bardeen»)
2 as AMENDED by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)
3 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification by correspondence (minutes of August 27, 2015 N 79-P)
The adoption voted:
| Short name of the country by MK (ISO 3166) 004−97 |
Country code by MK (ISO 3166) 004−97 |
Abbreviated name of the national authority for standardization |
| Armenia |
AM | The Ministry Of Economic Development Of The Republic Of Armenia |
| Belarus |
BY | Gosstandart Of The Republic Of Belarus |
| Kazakhstan |
KZ | Gosstandart Of The Republic Of Kazakhstan |
| Kyrgyzstan |
KG | Kyrgyzstandard |
| Russia |
EN | Rosstandart |
| Tajikistan |
TJ | Tajikstandart |
4 by Order of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology dated 27 October 2015 N 1633-St inter-state standard GOST 33439−2015 introduced as a national standard of the Russian Federation from September 1, 2016.
5 this standard account of the main terms in the heat treatments given in ISO 4885:1996* «products made of ferrous metals. Types of heat treatment. Dictionary» («Ferrous products — Heat treatments — Vocabulary», NEQ) and the European standard EN 10052:1993 «Glossary of terms for thermal processing of products of ferrous metallurgy» («Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products», NEQ). However, the definition of terms adopted in accordance with the domestic technical literature on heat treatment of ferrous metals and alloys
6 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual reference index «National standards», and the text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet
Introduction
Established in this standard the terms are arranged in a systematic manner, reflecting the system concepts in this field of knowledge.
For each concept has a single standardized term.
Enclosed in parentheses the part of term can be omitted when using the term in documents on standardization.
In the index the terms are given separately indicating the number of the article.
The definitions can, if necessary, modify, inserting derived characteristics, revealing the meaning of used terms, pointing to objects in the volume defined concepts. Changes must not violate the scope and content of concepts defined in this standard.
2.1.2 chemical-heat treatment:Heat treatment, combining thermal and chemical effect that allows you to specifically alter the chemical composition, structure and properties of surface layers of the product.
de
Thermochemische Behandlung
en
Thermochemical treatment
fr
Traitement thermochimique
2.1.3 thermomechanical processing:the Set of operations of plastic deformation heating and cooling (in a different sequence), in which structural changes occurring during phase transformations occur under conditions of high density of crystal structure defects created by plastic deformation.
de
Thermomechanische Behandlung
en
Thermomechanical treatment
fr
Traitement
Note — During thermomechanical processing are set and strictly monitored by the degree of plastic deformation and temperature intervals of its implementation. After completion of the plastic deformation can be applied to rapid cooling. The use of thermomechanical treatment allows to obtain mechanical properties that cannot be achieved by conventional methods of heat treatment and alloying of traditional. At comparable strength after heat treatment thermomechanical treatment determines a higher level of plasticity and viscosity.
2.1.3.1 high-temperature thermomechanical processing: the Set of operations of hot plastic deformation of austenite in the region of its thermodynamic stability and subsequent quenching to martensite.
de
Hochtemperatur-
thermomechanische Behandlung
en
High temperature thermomechanical treatment
fr
haute
2.1.3.2 low-temperature thermomechanical treatment: the Set of operations of intensive plastic deformation of supercooled austenite in the temperature interval of its high stability and subsequent quenching to martensite and low temperature vacation.
de
Niedertemperatur-
thermomechanischen Behandlung
en
Low-temperature thermomechanical treatment
fr
Traitement basse
2.1.4 nitriding: Thermochemical treatment, in which there is diffusion saturation of the surface layers of the product with nitrogen with the aim of increasing surface hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance in slightly aggressive media (in a humid atmosphere and fresh water).
de
Nitrieren
en
Nitriding
fr
Nitruration
2.1.4.1 depth of nitriding: the Shortest distance from the surface of saturation to the core, as defined by a prescribed method on the value of the underlying parameter.
de
Nitriertiefe
en
Depth of nitriding
fr
Profondeurde nitruration
Note — If this boundary is determined by the number of hardness, referred to as the thickness of the layer hardened with nitriding.
2.1.4.2 about nitriding; nitriding simulation: Thermal treatment of products in the conditions that use the temperature of nitriding without the use of nitrogen-containing environment.
de
Blindnitrieren; Simulationsnitrieren
en
Blank nitriding
fr
Nitruration blanc
Note — This heat treatment allows to evaluate the influence of temperature conditions on the mechanical properties of the product after the nitriding.
2.1.4.3 step nitriding: nitriding is a Method of providing a stepped exposure at different temperatures to shorten the duration of nitrogen saturation and to obtain high hardness of the diffusion layer with high thickness.
de
Nitrieren, mehrstufiges
en
Two stage nitriding
fr
Nitruration
2.1.5 litrovaya: Chemical-heat treatment, consisting in the diffusion saturation of the surface layer of the product aluminium.
de
Aluminisieren
en
Aluminizing
fr
Aluminisation
2.1.6 autentizace: Stage heat treatment in which the product is heated to a temperature above the transformation interval and maintained at this temperature to obtain a homogeneous structure of austenite (full autentizace).
de
Austenitisieren
en
Austenitizing
fr
Note — Heating the product of zaevtektoidnyh steels are most often to temperatures lying above the AC, and of hypereutectoid steels up to temperatures higher than the AU
but below the AC
. If the product is heated to a temperature in the range of transformations and is kept at this temperature, austenitization called incomplete. In this case, in the structure along with the austenite are present: ferrite for zaevtektoidnyh steel and carbide for hypereutectoid steels.
2.1.6.1 no austenitisation temperature:the Temperature at which the aging of the product when conducting austenitization: zaevtektoidnoj steel — As+(30−50)°C for hypereutectoid — As
+(30−50)°C.
de
Austenitisiertemperatur
en
Austenitizing temperature
fr
2.1.7 boronovanii: thermochemical treatment, in which there is diffusion saturation of the surface layer of the product with boron to form a boron-containing layer.
de
Borieren
en
Boriding
fr
Boruration
Note — it is Recommended to specify the environment in which the process, for example: boronovanii using the powder, boronovanii with paste.
2.1.8 anodirovanie: Chemical heat treatment to saturation of the surface layer of the product with vanadium to form a layer of carbide of vanadium.
de
Vanadieren
en
Vanadizing
fr
Vanadisation
2.1.9 bluing (oxidation, blackening, bluing): thermochemical treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere at an appropriate temperature to ensure that the product surface is formed by a thin oxide layer, painted in the so-called color tint, successive growth layers of film (yellow, brown, cherry, purple, blue, gray).
de
en
Blueing
fr
Bleuissage
2.1.10 graphitization (process): Heat treatment for separation of carbon as graphite.
de
Graphitisieren
en
Graphitizing
fr
Graphitisation (de Traitement)
Note — Applies to cast iron and hypereutectoid steels.
2.1.11 deformation in pearlitic region:Thermomechanical treatment in which plastic deformation is produced during diffusive transformation.
de
Umformperlitisieren
en
Isoforming
fr
Isoformage
2.1.12 deformation normalization:Thermomechanical treatment in which the final stage of deformation produced in the region of the normalization temperature (usually 30°C-50°C, above the AG), resulting in reaching a range of properties corresponding to the properties of the product in the normalized condition.
de
Umformen, normalisierendes
en
Normalizing forming
fr
Formage normalisant
2.1.13 diagram of isothermal transformation of austenite: a Family of curves in semi-logarithmic coordinates «temperature — time» illustrates the temperature intervals of the transformation, the temperature dependence of the incubation period and the time of full conversion of austenite or termination of the conversion.
de
Zeit-Temperatur-
Umwandlungs-schaubild isothermisches Umwandeln; ZTU-Schaubild
isothermisches Umwandeln
en
Time-temperature-
transformation Diagram (TTT Diagram)
fr
Diagramme de transformation en conditions isothermes (Diagramme TTT)
Note — you will also build a curve corresponding to the point 50% transformation of austenite, and also provide data on the structure transformations and hardness.
2.1.14 diffusion excerpt: Chemical heat treatment or a stage thereof, taken in order to propagate inside due to diffusion of the chemical elements, formerly diffundiruet in the surface layer (for example, following carburizing, boriding, nitriding).
de
Diffusionsbehandeln; Diffundieren
en
Diffusion treatment
fr
Diffusion (Traitement thermique ou 
2.1.15 annealing: Heat treatment consisting in heating the articles to a temperature above the critical (Asfor zaevtektoidnoj steel and AC
for hypereutectoid steels), or temperature of dissolution of excess phases, exposure at this temperature followed by cooling at the speed higher than critical.
de
en
Quench hardening treatment
fr
Durcissement par trempe (de Traitement)
Note — the Heating is carried out for zaevtektoidnyh steels to temperatures 30°C-50°C above the point AC; for hypereutectoid steels — 30°C-50°C above the point AC
.
2.1.15.1 double quenching: Twice quenching, as a rule, performed on different temperatures.
de
en
Double quench hardening treatment
fr
Double Durcissement par trempe (de Traitement)
2.1.15.2 isothermal annealing: Hardening, where the workpiece is cooled to a temperature of isothermal aging at a speed precluding the diffusion transformation is carried out the holding at this temperature until complete or incomplete conversion of austenite and cooled. The temperature of isothermal exposure is prescribed on the basis of the receiving target structure after isothermal annealing [this is usually lower beynit, lower beynit with martensite or sorbite (see «patents»)].
de
en
Martempering
fr
Trempe 
2.1.15.2.1 isothermal annealing on the beynit:Isothermal annealing in which the temperature is isothermal exposure in the temperature interval education lower bainite.
de
Isothermisches Umwandeln in der Bainitstufe
en
Austempering
fr
Trempe 
2.1.15.3 impulse hardening: Hardening using pulsed heating. A consequence of the high heating rate is temperature increase hardening and a dramatic expansion of its range. This, in turn, leads to increased hardness of the product due to heat in the cold deep layers of the metal.
de
en
Impulse hardening
fr
Durcissement par impulsions
2.1.15.4 local quenching: Quenching, limited to certain area of the product.
de
begrenzte
en
Local hardening
fr
Local Durcissement par trempe
2.1.15.5 incomplete annealing: Annealing, which consists in heating the product to inter-critical temperature interval (AC-AC
) for zaevtektoidnoj and steel (AC
— Ac
) — for hypereutectoid steel. After cooling, along with unstable structures, be excess phases: ferrite for zaevtektoidnoj steel and carbide for hypereutectoid steel.
de
en
Incomplete quenching
fr
Trempe
2.1.15.6 surface hardening: Quenching in which austenitization limited to the surface layer of the product.
de
en
Induction hardening (Surface hardening treatment) Durcissement par induction
fr
(Durcissement partrempe -chauffage superficiel (de Traitement))
Note — Ways heating for surface hardening: flame, induction, electron beam, laser. Cooling of heated surfaces is usually carried out with water using a sprayer or shower unit devices.
2.1.15.7 interrupted quenching: a Quenching, where the cooling process is interrupted before the product will take the temperature of the quenching medium, the further cooling is carried out on the tranquil air, it may be smoothback.
de
Abschrecken unterbrochen
en
Interrupted quenching
fr
Trempe interrompue
2.1.15.8 intermittent annealing: Hardening environment (or two mediums), providing a rapid cooling of the product and then transfer it to the medium with lower cooling rate until the temperature of the quenching medium.
de
Abschrecken, gebrochenes
en
Interrupted quenching
fr
Trempe interrompue
2.1.15.9 video tempering: Tempering to be performed without additional heating, immediately after chemical-thermal processing or hot deformation and using the heating for these process steps.
de
en
Direct hardening treatment; Direct quenching
fr
Durcissement partrempe directe (de Traitement); Trempe directe
Note — As a rule, is carried out after carburizing and cooling to the quenching temperature, which corresponds to a given grade of steel.
2.1.15.10 spontaneous quenching:the Ability of some steels will spontaneously harden when cooled in air after heating and soaking at the quenching temperature.
de
Selbstabschrecken
en
Self-quenching
fr
Auto-trempe
2.1.15.11 through-hardening: Hardening to a depth of not less than the distance from the surface to the core of the product.
de
en
Through-hardening
fr
Durcissement par trempe coeur
2.1.15.12 step annealing: Hardening, where the workpiece is cooled from the temperature of austenitization to a temperature slightly above the point Mwith the speed of precluding diffusion and bainitic transformations, and then perform exposure, in duration not exceeding the incubation period of the collapse of the supercooled austenite at the selected temperature with a subsequent slow cooling during which the formation of martensite.
de
Abschrecken, gestuftes
en
Step quenching
fr
Trempe
2.1.15.13 hardenability: the Ability of steel to acquire as the result of quenching high hardness.
de
en
Maximum achievable hardness
fr
2.1.15.14 the quenching temperature; the temperature of heating for hardening: Temperature austenitization products before conducting cooling.
de
Abschrecktemperatur
en
Quenching temperature
fr
2.1.16 the thickness of hardened layer: the distance along the normal from the external surface of the product to the border premartensitic zone (50% martensite and 50% of the products of diffusion transformation).
de
en
Quench hardened layer
fr
Couche durcie partrempe
Note — This boundary can be defined by the hardness value.
2.1.16.1 the thickness of the hardened layer as a result of surface hardening: Thickness of hardened layer to the border, the hardness of the product in which Vickers is at least 80% of the specified minimum surface hardness values.
de
en
Effective case depth after surface hardening
fr
Profondeur conventionnelle de durcissement partrempe chauffage superficief
2.1.17 dispersion hardening (process):Heat treatment in solid solution with subsequent separation of one or more dispersed phases from supersaturated solid solution.
de
en
Precipitation hardening traitement
fr
Durcissement par 
Note improves the hardness and toughness in single or multiple vacation or aging through the allocation of hardening phases.
2.1.18 heating: the Process of increasing the temperature of the product due to the supply of energy.
de
en
Heating
fr
Chauffage
2.1.18.1 pulse heating: Limited local heating of repetitive energy pulses (high-frequency currents).
de
en
Impulse heating
fr
Impulsions (Chauffage par)
2.1.18.2 pre-heating: Heating and holding at a single or at multiple temperatures, which is lower than the highest temperature.
de
en
Preheating
fr
2.1.18.3 warm-up time: the Time required to heat the product to achieve the desired temperature on the surface.
de
(see the definition)
en
Heating-up time
fr
Mise en temperature (de)
2.1.18.4 excerpt: Part of the temperature, when temperature remains constant.
de
Halten
en
Soaking
fr
Maintien (
Note — it is necessary to specify, whether there should be a constant temperature furnace, the surface of the product, the entire section of the product or a particular point in the cross section of the product.
| 2.1.18.5 diagram of heating: Graphical representation of the dependence of the temperature of heat treatment from the heating time. | de | |
| en | Heating curve | |
| fr | Chauffage (de Courbe) | |
| 2.1.18.6 overheating: Heating to a temperature significantly above the temperature of critical points and accompanied by the formation of large grains of austenite. | de |
|
| en | Overheating and oversoaking | |
| fr | Surchauffe | |
| Note — Excessive grain growth can be eliminated through appropriate heat treatment or hot deformation, and some steels (not inclined to reverse the transformation) is only due to the hot deformation. | ||
| 2.1.18.7 burnout: an Irreversible change of structure and properties of metal associated with the melting of the border areas of grains enriched in lower melting point impurities, or with intensive oxidation of the grain boundaries and the formation on them of oxide compounds. | de | No combustion |
| en | Burning | |
| fr | ||
| Note — the Defect is fatal. | ||
| 2.1.18.8 heating: Heating the product to reach the preset temperature on its surface. | de | |
| en | (see the definition) | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| 2.1.18.9 end-to-end warm-up: Continued heating after reaching the temperature set on the surface until, until the product is uniformly heated over the entire cross section. | de |
|
| en | Equalization (see definition) | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| 2.1.18.10 program heating; heating mode:the Task for process heating. | de |
|
| en | Heating schedule | |
| fr | Chauffage (Programme de) | |
2.1.18.11 duration of heating: Total heating time consists of the time of heating to a predetermined temperature (
|
de | |
| en | Heating time | |
| fr | Chauffage ( | |
Note — the Value | ||
| 2.1.18.12 heating speed: the temperature Change in the heating process, related to the time. | de | |
| en | Heating rate | |
| fr | Chauffage (de Vitesse) | |
| Note — Distinguish between instantaneous heating rate at a given temperature and average heating rate in a predetermined temperature range. | ||
| 2.1.18.13 characteristics of heat: the Temperature in a certain point of the product from the beginning to the end of the heating depending on time. | de | |
| en | Heating function | |
| fr | Chauffage (de Loi) | |
| 2.1.19 nitrocarburizing; azetomepregenola: Chemical heat treatment to saturation of the surface layer of the product both carbon and nitrogen with the aim of improving mechanical properties and resistance to wear. | de | Nitrocarburieren |
| en | Nitrocarbunzing | |
| fr | Nitrocarburation | |
| Note — it is Recommended to specify the environment or method of nitrocarburizing, for example: in the nitrocarburizing salt bath, the gas nitrocarburizing. | ||
2.1.20 normalization: Heat treatment — a kind of annealing, where the workpiece is heated to a temperature above AC |
de | |
| en | Normalizing | |
| fr | Normalisation (de Traitement) | |
| 2.1.20.1 normalization with accelerated cooling: Normalization with forced cooling products at a rate exceeding the rate of cooling in calm air (on the manufacturer). | de | (see the definition) |
| en | (see the definition) | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| 2.1.21 the decarbonization: reducing the carbon content in the surface layer of the product in the processes of chemical-heat treatment, heat treatment without protective environments or hot deformation. | de | Entkohlen |
| en | Decarburizing | |
| fr |
| |
| Note — Out process of chemical-heat treatment decarburization is a defect. | ||
| 2.1.21.1 depth bezoperatsionnogo layer:the distance along the normal from the external surface of the product to the border bezoperatsionnogo layer. | de | Entkohlungstiefe |
| en | Depth of decarburization | |
| fr | Profondeur de | |
| Note — depending on the completeness of the decarburization this boundary varies and can be determined by referring to the structure of the metal, hardness value, or the difference in the carbon content in the base metal and the surface layer. | ||
2.1.22 handling to grind grain:Heat treatment involving heating to a temperature just above the point As |
de | |
| en | Grain refining | |
| fr | Affinage structural (Traitement d') | |
| 2.1.23 processing to solid solutionHeat treatment with the purpose of dissolving in the solid solution of excess phases and the preservation of their elements in solid solution. | de | |
| en | Solution treatment | |
| fr | Mise en solution (de Traitement) | |
| 2.1.24 cold treatment: Heat treatment carried out after quenching, for further transforming the residual austenite to martensite. It provides cooling and aging at temperatures below zero. | de | Tieftemperaturbehandeln, |
| en | Sub-zero treating | |
| fr | Traitement par le froid | |
| 2.1.25 annealing: Heat treatment, involving heating the product to a certain temperature, exposure and subsequent slow cooling, in order to obtain the equilibrium structure. | de | |
| en | Annealing | |
| fr | Recuit | |
| Note — Distinguish between annealing of the 1st kind at which there is phase transformation and the annealing of the 2nd kind, in which phase transformations determine its purpose. | ||
| 2.1.25.1 reductive annealing: Annealing after cold deformation to partially restore the mechanical and physical properties, which items had to cold deformation without nominal changes in the structure of the metal. | de | |
| en | Recovery | |
| fr | Restauration (de Traitement) | |
| 2.1.25.2 diffusion annealing; homogenization:Annealing at a high temperature with a long enough shutter speed to reduce due to the diffusion of local inhomogeneity in chemical composition resulting from segregation of elements. | de | |
| en | Homogenizing | |
| fr |
| |
2.1.25.3 isothermal annealing: Annealing, which consists in austenitization, the accelerated cooling to a temperature slightly below the point As |
de | Perlitisieren; Isothermisches Umwandeln in der Perlitstufe |
| en | Isothermal annealing | |
| fr | Recuit isotherme | |
2.1.25.4 incomplete annealing; inter-critical annealing: Annealing, which consists in heating to a temperature between the points AC |
de | (see the definition) |
| en | Inter-critical annealing | |
| fr | Recuit intercritique | |
| 2.1.25.5 annealing to relieve residual stresses: Annealing no significant change of the phase state structures to implement a given level of stress relaxation. | de | |
| en | Stress relieving | |
| fr | Relaxation (de Traitement) | |
2.1.25.6 annealing of coarse-grained structure byAnnealing at a temperature of, in most cases, the above point As |
de | |
| en | Grain coarsening | |
| fr | Grossissement du grain (Recuit de) | |
2.1.25.7 annealing spheroidization of carbides; annealing spheroidizing: Annealing involving heating to a temperature above the AC |
de |
|
| en | Spheroidizing | |
| fr | Globularisation (Recuit de) | |
| 2.1.25.8 annealing solid solution Annealing involving heating to a high temperature and subsequent cooling with a sufficiently high rate to room temperature to obtain a homogeneous structure of austenite. | de | (see the definition) |
| en | Solution annealing | |
| fr | Hypertrempe | |
| Note — This is suitable for products made of austenitic steels. | ||
2.1.25.9 full annealing: Annealing involving heating to a temperature of As |
de | (see the definition) |
| en | Full annealing | |
| fr | Recuit complet | |
| 2.1.25.10 recrystallization annealing: Annealing carried out with the aim of eliminating work hardening created by cold plastic deformation, and achieve a certain size of grain without phase transformation. | de | |
| en | Recrystallizing | |
| fr | Recristallisation (de Traitement) | |
| 2.1.25.11 bright annealing: Annealing carried out in a protective environment, allowing to keep unchanged the state of the surface of the product by preventing oxidation. | de | |
| en | Bright annealing | |
| fr | Recuit blanc | |
| 2.1.25.12 softening annealing: Annealing to reduce the hardness of products. | de | |
| en | Softening | |
| fr | Adoucissement (Traitement d') | |
| 2.1.25.13 stabilizing annealing: Annealing is carried out to prevent changes in the structure and properties of metal in time. | de | |
| en | Stabilizing annealing | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| Note — Is a type of annealing to relieve residual stresses. | ||
2.1.25.14 subcritical annealing; low temperature annealing: Annealing at temperatures below the point AU |
de | (see the definition) |
| en | Sub-critical annealing | |
| fr | Recuit subcritique | |
| 2.1.25.15 dehydrogenation, removal of hydrogen due to annealing: Heat treatment — annealing for removing metal contained in the hydrogen. | de | Dehydrieren; Wasserstoffentzug |
| en | Baking | |
| fr | ||
| Note — This annealing is carried out, first of all, after applying electrolytic coating, after etching or welding. | ||
2.1.26 release: Heat treatment carried out after quenching or other heat treatment to provide the necessary indicators of certain properties of the product. When the heating is performed to a temperature lying below the point of As |
de | Anlassen |
| en | Tempering | |
| fr | Earnings | |
| Note — typically, the release leads to a decrease in hardness, and in certain cases to increase the hardness. | ||
| 2.1.26.1 secondary hardening: the Effect of increasing the strength and hardness during tempering through the formation of special carbides. | de | |
| en | Secondary hardening | |
| fr | Durcissement secondaire | |
| 2.1.26.2 destabilization of retained austenite: the Phenomenon observed when on vacation, at which the residual austenite at a certain temperature range, transformed into martensite. | de | Destabilisierung des Restaustenits |
| en | Destabilization of retained austenite | |
| fr | Destabilisation de | |
| 2.1.26.3 diagram vacation: Graphical representation of effect of temperature of leave and its duration on the mechanical properties. | de | |
| en | Tempering curve | |
| fr | Courbe de | |
| 2.1.26.4 vacation to relieve residual stresses; low-temperature vacation:Vacation partially or fully martensitic structure at a temperature below 250 °C, carried out to relieve residual stresses due to starting the allocation of carbides. Hardness, while decreasing slightly. | de | (see the definition) |
| en | Stress relief tempering | |
| fr |
| |
| 2.1.26.5 temper embrittlement: the Phenomenon observed in steels with martensitic structure by tempering within certain temperature intervals. Is manifested in the decrease in toughness, high temperature viscous-brittle transition. | de | |
| en | Temper embrittlement | |
| fr |
| |
| Notes 1 there are two types of temper embrittlement: — irreversible (type I), which is manifested in steels during tempering in the temperature range 250°C-400°C; — reversible (type II), which is manifested in steels during tempering in the temperature range 450°C-600°C or by slow cooling in this temperature interval when the at higher… Can be eliminated by repeated heating to temperatures above 600 °C and subsequent rapid cooling. 2 Irreversible temper embrittlement in varying degrees, common to all undoped and doped steels. Reversible temper embrittlement occurs only in alloy steels. | ||
| 2.1.26.6 spontaneous vacation; smoothback: Spontaneous release of martensite during the implementation of hardening when cooled to the martensitic interval or due to the heat remaining after heating for hardening. | de | Selbstanlassen |
| en | Auto-tempering | |
| fr | Auto-earnings | |
| 2.1.27 cooling: lowering the temperature products in one or several stages. | de | |
| en | Cooling | |
| fr | Refroidissement | |
| Note — this should be specified the environment in which cooling is performed, for example, in the atmosphere of the furnace, in air, in oil, in water. |
und 
(
)
; 
.
(De Traitement)
(Recuil de)
auf kugelige Carbide
revenue au
(Earnings de)
de revenue
| 2.1.27.1 cooling capacity:the Ability of cooling medium to provide under certain conditions a given cooling rate. | de | |
| en | Quenching capacity | |
| fr | Refroidissement d’un Pouvoir mitieu | |
| 2.1.27.2 diagram transformations during continuous cooling; thermokinetic diagram: a Graphical representation in semi-logarithmic coordinates «temperature — time» region of disintegration of austenite during cooling at different speeds. | de | Zeit-Temperatur- |
| en | Continuous-cooling- transformation Diagram (CCT Diagram) | |
| fr | Diagramme de transformation en refroidissement continu (en conditions anisothermes) (Diagramme TRC) | |
| Note — the chart give data on the structure transformations and hardness. | ||
| 2.1.27.3 the cooling curve: a Graphical representation of the cooling process. | de | |
| en | Cooling curve | |
| fr | Refroidissement (Courbe de) | |
| 2.1.27.4 the critical cooling rate:the Minimum rate of cooling, which does not occur undesirable phase transformations. | de |
|
| en | Critical cooling rate | |
| fr | Refroidissement critique (de Vitesse) | |
| Note — the Minimum cooling rate at which all the austenite undergoes a diffusion transformation, is called the lower critical speed of hardening. The minimum cooling rate at which all the austenite is supercooled to the temperature interval of the martensitic transformation, called the upper critical rate of quenching. | ||
| 2.1.27.5 cooling time:the time Interval in the cooling process from one to another temperature. | de | |
| en | Cooling time | |
| fr | Refroidissement ( | |
| 2.1.27.6 cooling mode: the Assignment for the cooling process. | de |
|
| en | Cooling schedule | |
| fr | Refroidissement (Programme de) | |
| 2.1.27.7 cooling rate: the temperature Change in the cooling process, related to the time. Distinguish cooling rate at a given time and the average cooling rate in a predetermined temperature range. | de | |
| en | Cooling rate | |
| fr | Refroidissement (de Vitesse) | |
| 2.1.27.8 accelerated cooling:Controlled cooling at a rate greater than air cooling, which allows to eliminate or reduce the heat treatment with separate heating and improve the properties of steel. | de | (see the definition) |
| en | (see the definition) | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| 2.1.27.9 single-stage rapid cooling: Rapid cooling, envisaging water cooling in the stream rolling mill and further air cooling. | de | (see the definition) |
| en | (see the definition) | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| 2.1.27.10 two-stage rapid cooling: Rapid cooling, envisaging water cooling in the stream rolling mill and further controlled by air cooling. | de | (see the definition) |
| en | (see the definition) | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| 2.1.27.11 cooling conditions: the Conditions in which the cooling of articles, e.g., temperature and composition of the cooling medium, method and speed of cooling. | de | |
| en | Cooling conditions | |
| fr | Refroidissement (Mode de) | |
| 2.1.27.12 characteristics of cooling:the Temperature in a certain point of the product from the beginning to the end of cooling, depending on time. | de | |
| en | Cooling function | |
| fr | Refroidissement (Loi de) | |
| 2.1.28 patenting: Heat treatment used for manufacturing wire or rental, including austenitization, exposure to temperatures lower part of the temperature range of diffusion transformation and isothermal exposure, providing the structure lustrous perlite. | de | Patentieren |
| en | Patenting | |
| fr | Patentage | |
| Notes 1 Structure lustrous perlite favorable for drawing, as it can undergo without fracture large plastic deformation. When conducting a patent are: — patenting at the entrance setup when the heating and cooling coils or skeins happens after the unwinding; — patenting by immersion, when the heating and cooling coils or skeins occurs without unwinding. 2 depending on the method of cooling distinguish patenting: in the air, in a bath with molten lead, in the salt bath and in a vortex flow. | ||
| 2.1.29 hardenability (process): penetration Depth of hardened layer from the surface of the product inside. | de | |
| en | Depth of transformation | |
| fr |
| |
| Note — Hardenability, usually denoted by the depth of hardened layer. | ||
| 2.1.29.1 determination of hardenability by the method of end quenching method (Jomini):a Standard method in which a cylindrical sample of a certain size are austenitization, and then cooled from the yard with a water jet under a certain pressure. | de | Stirnabschreckversuch |
| en | Jominy test | |
| fr | Jominy (Essai) | |
| Note — Measuring hardness at different distance from the cooled end, build hardenability curve in the coordinates «hardness — distance from cooled end», which characterizes the hardenability of steel. | ||
| 2.1.30 siliconizing: Chemical heat treatment to saturation of the surface layer of the product silicon. | de | Silicieren |
| en | Siliconizing | |
| fr | Siliciuration | |
| 2.1.31 the diffusion layer: the Surface layer formed during a thermochemical treatment due to the diffusion in a solid solution of one or more chemical elements. | de | Diffusionsschicht |
| en | Diffusion zone | |
| fr | Couche de diffusion | |
| Note — In some cases chemical elements are partially allocated from the solid solution. The content of these elements is gradually reduced to the content in the base metal. | ||
| 2.1.32 environment: Substance which is the product during heat treatment. | de | Mittel, Medium |
| en | Medium | |
| fr | Milieu | |
| Note — the Medium can be solid, liquid or gaseous. The importance of its thermal (for heating and cooling) and chemically (by oxidation, decarburization, etc.) properties. A gaseous medium is often called atmosphere. | ||
| 2.1.33 stabilisation: Heat treatment carried out in order to avoid possible changes of profile, size of the product and/or metal structure time. | de | Stabilisieren |
| en | Stabilizing | |
| fr | Stabilisation (de Traitement) | |
| Note — Such a heat treatment usually prevents the changes that could happen afterwards. | ||
| 2.1.33.1 stabilization of residual austenite:a Phenomenon in which eliminates or reduces the ability of austenite to transform into martensite. | de | Stabilisierung des Restaustenits |
| en | Stabilization of retained austenite | |
| fr | Stabilisation de | |
| Note — Stabilization can occur after hardening during tempering at relatively low temperatures or by prolonged aging at room temperature. | ||
| 2.1.34 aging: a Phenomenon in which there is a change in the properties of the product during aging at room temperature or when heated, due to the thermodynamic disequilibrium of the initial structural state and the gradual approach of the structure to equilibrium. | de | Alterung |
| en | Ageing | |
| fr | Vieillissement | |
| 2.1.34.1 aging of martensite: the Collapse of low-carbon martensite in some steels (for example, partenitskaya) at elevated temperatures with the release of dispersed hardening phases. | de | |
| en | Maraging | |
| fr | Maraging (de Traitement) | |
| 2.1.35 sulfentrazone: thermochemical treatment, in which a simultaneous saturation of the surface with nitrogen, carbon and sulfur for improved wear resistance and extreme pressure properties, especially in dry and semi-dry friction. | de | Sulfonitrocarburieren |
| en | Sulphidizing | |
| fr | Sulfonitrocarburation | |
| 2.1.36 temperature range: temperature Change depending on time when carrying out heat treatment. | de | Zeit-Temperatur-Folge |
| en | Thermal cycle | |
| fr | Cycle thermique | |
| 2.1.37 temperature phase transformation:the Temperature at which the steel phase transformation occurs or the temperature at which phase transformations start and finish. | de | Umwandlungstemperatur; Umwandlungspunkt |
| en | Transformation temperature | |
| fr |
| |
| 2.1.38 improvement: Heat treatment, including quenching and high tempering. | de | |
| en | (see the definition) | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| Note — This treatment provides the formation of the structure of sorbitol vacation, and allows to obtain a higher level of strength combined with high ductility and toughness. | ||
| 2.1.39 plating: Chemical heat treatment to saturation of the surface layer of the product with chrome. | de | Chromieren |
| en | Chromizing | |
| fr | Chromisation | |
| Note — steels with low carbon content is formed on the surface layer of nearly pure chromium. The steels with high carbon content is formed on the surface layer of chromium carbides. | ||
| 2.1.40 cementation; case: thermo-Chemical processing of the product in the austenitic state to saturation of the surface layer with carbon. | de | |
| en | Case hardening | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| Notes 1 Immediately after the saturation, or after re-heating, the product is subjected to quenching, low vacation. 2 it is Recommended to specify the environment in which the carburizing, for example: in a gas atmosphere, solid powder carburizing, plasma. | ||
| 2.1.40.1 depth of the hardened layer after carburizing: the distance along the normal from the external surface to the boundary layer, the hardness of which Vickers is equal to 550 HV. | de | |
| en | Effective case depth after carburizing | |
| fr | Conventionnelle Profondeur de cementation | |
| 2.1.40.2 depth of carburized layer:the distance along the normal from the external surface to the middle of the transition zone of the diffusion layer. | de | Aufkohlungstiefe |
| en | Case depth | |
| fr | Profondeur de | |
| 2.1.40.3 about cementation; cementation simulation: Thermal treatment of products in the conditions in which the used temperature regime of cementation without carburizing. | de | Blindaufkohlen; Simulationsaufkohlen |
| en | Blank carburizing | |
| fr |
| |
| Note — This treatment allows us to estimate the effect of temperature conditions on the properties of the original metal (core products) at the time of cementation. | ||
| 2.1.40.4 multistage cementation:the Cementation is carried out in two or more stages in the environment with different levels of carbon content. | de | Aufkohlen, mehrstufiges |
| en | Boost-Diffuse carburizing | |
| fr | ||
| 2.1.40.5 re-cementation: Chemical heat treatment to restore the carbon content in obesplozhennym layer as a result of previous treatment of the product. | de | Wiederaufkohlen |
| en | Carbon restoration | |
| fr | Recarburation (de Traitement) | |
| 2.1.41 the galvanizing diffusion; hereditaria: Chemical heat treatment to saturation of the surface layer of the product with zinc. | de | Diffusionsverzinken; Sherardisieren |
| en | Sherardizing | |
| fr | ||
2.1.42 exothermic atmosphere:Controlled atmosphere produced by burning natural gas with a small lack of air ( |
de |
|
| en | Exothermic atmosphere | |
| fr |
| |
| Note — Used as a protective atmosphere against oxidation during heat treatment of metals. | ||
2.1.43 endothermic atmosphere:Controlled atmosphere produced by incomplete combustion (Krekorian) of natural gas with insufficient air ( |
de |
|
| en | Endothermic atmosphere | |
| fr |
| |
| Note — is Used as a protective during heat treatment products and as a carburizing — when chemical-thermal treatment of products. |
; ZTU-Schaubild 
, kritische
; 
detrempe
de transformation
, exotherme
exothermique
, endotherme
endothermique2.2 Additional terms
2.2.1 |
de |
|
| en | Alpha iron | |
| fr | Fer | |
2.2.2 |
de |
|
| en | Gamma iron | |
| fr | Fer | |
2.2.3 |
de |
|
| en | Delta iron | |
| fr | Fer | |
2.2.4 |
de |
|
| en | Epsilon carbide | |
| fr | Carbude | |
| 2.2.5 activity of carbon: the Ratio of partial pressure of carbon in the test condition (for example, in austenite at a known concentration) to the partial pressure of carbon in the standard state, i.e. in equilibrium with graphite. | de |
|
| en | Carbon activity | |
| fr |
| |
| Note — Activity, standard state taken as the unit. | ||
2.2.6 austenite: Solid solution of carbon and other elements |
de | Austenit |
| en | Austenite | |
| fr | ||
2.2.7 residual austenite: Austenite not undergoing phase |
de | Restaustenit |
| en | Retained austenite | |
| fr | ||
| 2.2.8 beynit: Complex structure formed by the intermediate (bainitic) transformation of supercooled austenite in the temperature range bounded above by the area of diffusion transformations, and the bottom — region of the martensitic transformation. | de | Bainit |
| en | Bainite | |
| fr | Bainite | |
| Note — In the General case this structure consists of the following structural components: bainitic ferrite, carbides and retained austenite. Distinguish: — top beynit formed in the upper range of temperatures; — lower beynit generated in the lower range of temperatures. | ||
| 2.2.9 grain size: the grain Size, which significantly depend on the microsection. You need to specify the grain — grain size of austenite, the grain size of ferrite. |
de | |
| en | Grain size | |
| fr | Grosseur du grain | |
| 2.2.10 the impact of volume: the Impact of the product on its cooling. | de | |
| en | Mass effect | |
| fr | Effet de masse | |
| 2.2.11 gradient of nitrogen: the Change of nitrogen concentration depending on the distance from the surface of the product. | de | Stickstoffverlauf |
| en | Nitrogen profile | |
| fr | De Courbe | |
| 2.2.12 gradient of carbon content:the Change in the concentration of carbon depending on the distance from the surface of the product. | de | Kohlenstoffverlauf |
| en | Carbon profile | |
| fr | Courbe de repartition du carbone | |
| 2.2.13 the grain boundary: interface between two grains with different crystallographic orientations. | de | Korngrenze |
| en | Grain boundary | |
| fr | Joit de grain | |
| 2.2.14 dispersion hardening (a phenomenon):the Hardening caused by the allocation of a new phase or more phases from the supersaturated solid solution. | de | |
| en | Precipitation hardening | |
| fr | Durcissement par | |
| 2.2.15 grain: an Individual crystal of polycrystalline structure. | de | Korn; Kristallit |
| en | Grain | |
| fr | Grain | |
| 2.2.16 interval of phase transformation:the temperature Range within which the phase transformations occur. | de | Umwandlungsbereich |
| en | Transformation range | |
| fr | Intervalle critique | |
| 2.2.17 warping: Any change in the size and shape of the product after heat treatment compared to baseline. | de | Verzug (durch |
| en | Distortion | |
| fr |
| |
| 2.2.18 the coefficient of mass transfer of carbon:Amount of carbon derived from the difference between the equilibrium carbon level and carbon content in the surface layer, which passes from carburizer for a specified period of time per unit of surface area of the product. | de | |
| en | Carbon mass transfer coefficient | |
| fr | Coefficient de transfert du carbone | |
| 2.2.19 crystalline fracture: Fracture at the grain boundaries, resulting in the absence of visible plastic deformation | de | (see the definition) |
| en | Crystallinity | |
| fr | Grain de cassure | |
2.2.20 critical diameter: Diameter (d) of a round bar of sufficient length ( |
de | Durchmesser, kritischer |
| en | Critical diameter | |
| fr |
| |
| 2.2.21 the critical section: the Largest size of cross-section of the product which due to a certain type of heat treatment are provided with the desired properties. | de | (see the definition) |
| en | Limiting ruling section | |
| fr | (see the definition) | |
| 2.2.22 doping: Introduction to base metal one or more of the chemical elements to obtain the desired structure and properties. | de | Legierung |
| en | Alloy | |
| fr | Alliage | |
2.2.23 ledeburite: Eutectic structure, consisting of a mixture of austenite (after cooling below the point of the AU |
de | Ledeburit |
| en | Ledeburite | |
| fr | Ledeburite | |
| 2.2.24 martensite: a Metastable solid solution with a tetragonal body-centred lattice. | de | Martensit |
| en | Martensite | |
| fr | Martensite | |
Note — in non-alloy steel Martensite is a supersaturated solid solution of introduction of carbon in | ||
| 2.2.25 secondary martensite: the Martensite formed from the retained austenite during cooling after the holiday. | de | Secundarmartensit |
| en | Secondery martensit | |
| fr | Martensite secondaire | |
| 2.2.26 microhardness: Hardness measured with a load less than 1.96 N. | de | |
| en | Microhardness | |
| fr | ||
| 2.2.27 internal oxidation: the Formation, on a more or less considerable distance from the surface of the product, of dispersed oxides by diffusion of oxygen. | de | Oxidation, innere |
| en | Internal oxidation | |
| fr | Oxydation interne | |
| 2.2.28 determination of grain size for Macquaid-ENU: Method of determination of grain size of austenite due to cementation. | de | McQuaid-Ehn- |
| en | McQuaid-Ehn grain size | |
| fr | McQuaid Ehn Grain (Grosseur de) | |
| 2.2.29 a glut of carbon: the carbon Content in the surface layer after carburization exceeds a predetermined concentration. | de | |
| en | Overcarburizing | |
| fr | Surcarburation | |
| 2.2.30 pearlite: Eutectoid or quasielectron structure representing a mechanical mixture of ferrite and cementite with lamellar shape. In the process of decomposition of martensite during tempering or annealing after spheroidizing get granular perlite (globular particles of cementite located in ferritic matrix). | de | Perlit |
| en | Pearlite | |
| fr | Perlite | |
| 2.2.31 eutectoid transformation: a Reversible transformation of austenite to pearlite that occurs at a constant temperature. | de | Umwandlung, eutektoidische |
| en | Eutectoid transformation | |
| fr | Eutectoide (Ttransformation) | |
| 2.2.32 hardenability (phenomenon): Increase the strength and hardness of steel products from the outer surface deep into the result of the transformation of austenite to martensite or beynit. | de | |
| en | Hardenability | |
| fr | ||
| Note — Under certain conditions, the hardenability often Express a number of hardness depending on the distance from the hardened surface of the product, such as curves, characterizing the hardenability when quenched end. | ||
| 2.2.33 the equilibrium carbon potentialthe carbon Content in the surface layer of the sample of pure iron under these conditions is in equilibrium with the carburizing medium. | de | Kohlenstoffpegel |
| en | Carbon potential | |
| fr | Potential carbone | |
| 2.2.34 recalescence: temperature Rise due to heat generation during transformation of austenite during cooling. | de | Rekaleszenz |
| en | Recalescence | |
| fr | Recalescence | |
2.2.35 grain growth; coarsening of grains:an Increase in grain size as a result of heating to temperatures above the AC |
de | Kornwachstum; |
| en | Grain growth | |
| fr | Grossissement du grain | |
| 2.2.36 sensitization: the Tendency of stainless steel to intergranular corrosion as a result of the allocation of carbides at the grain boundaries. | de | Sensibilisierung |
| en | Sensitization | |
| fr | Sensibilisation | |
| Note — Sensitizing treatment provide for the determination of corrosion resistance of steels. | ||
| 2.2.37 steel: an Alloy of iron with carbon, containing no more than 2.14 percent carbon. | de | Stahl |
| en | Steel | |
| fr | Acier | |
2.2.38 |
de | Stahl, |
| en | Ferritic steel | |
| fr | Acier ferritique | |
| 2.2.39 austenitic steel: a Steel whose structure after treatment in solid solution and subsequent annealing is austenitic at room temperature. | de | Stahl, austenitischer |
| en | Austenitic steel | |
| fr | Acier | |
| Note — Casting of austenitic steels can contain up to 20% ferrite. | ||
| 2.2.40 grafitirovannye steel: Steel that has a structure in which the carbon in a more or less significant amount is intentionally allocated in the form of graphite. | de | Stahl, graphitischer |
| en | Graphitic steel | |
| fr | Acier graphitique | |
| 2.2.41 zaevtektoidnoj steel: Steel with carbon content below the eutectoid. | de | Stahl, untereutektoidischer |
| en | Hypoeutectoid steel | |
| fr | Hypoeutectoide (Acier) | |
| 2.2.42 hypereutectoid steel: Steel with carbon content above the eutectoid. | de | Stahl, |
| en | Hypereutectoid steel | |
| fr | Hypereutectoide (Acier) | |
| 2.2.43 ledeburite steel: Steel of ledeburite structure. | de | Stahl, ledeburitischer |
| en | Ledeburitic steel | |
| fr | Acier ledeburitique | |
| 2.2.44 Maraging steel: the Steel special properties which are ensured by the aging of martensite. | de | Stahl, |
| en | Maraging steel | |
| fr | Acier maraging | |
| 2.2.45 zamotaylova steel: Steel that has such a high stability of the supercooled austenite in the field of diffusion and bainitic transformation, martensitic transformation occurs already during cooling in air, even within the large cross-section of the product. | de | Stahl, |
| en | Air-hardening steel | |
| fr | Auto-tempant (Acier) | |
| 2.2.46 Widmanstatten structure: a Structure in which there are regular oriented plates of excess ferrite or cementite, the excess allocation of austenite occurs crystallographically controlled. | de |
|
| en | Widmannstaetten structure | |
| fr | Widmannstaetten (Structure de) | |
| Note — Accordingly, there are widmanstatten ferrite (for zaevtektoidnyh steels) and widmanstatten cementite (for hypereutectoid steels). | ||
| 2.2.47 needle structure: the Structure, the components of which are presented in the microsection in the form of needles. | de |
|
| en | Acicular structure | |
| fr | Aciculaire (Structure) | |
| 2.2.48 stroke structure: Structural components that are located parallel to the direction of deformation, visible in the microsection, which are in the process of deformation reproduce the length of sections with different chemical composition. | de |
|
| en | Banded structure | |
| fr | Bandes (Structure de) | |
| 2.2.49 structural component: a Separate phase or a mixture of several phases, which, in the metallographic study can be identified as one element of the structure. | de | |
| en | Constituent | |
| fr | Constituant | |
| 2.2.50 spheroidization: Process, contribute to the transformation of lamellar particles in the globular. | de | Einformung |
| en | Spheroidization | |
| fr | Globularisation | |
| 2.2.51 hardness at low load:Hardness measured with a load of 1.96 N to 49.1 N. | de | |
| en | Low load hardness | |
| fr |
| |
| 2.2.52 solid solution; crystal solid solution: a Solid homogeneous crystalline phase having a crystal lattice of a solvent consisting of two or more elements. | de | Feste |
| en | Solid solution | |
| fr | Solution solide | |
| Note — Distinguish between crystalline solid solution of substitution, in which the atoms of the lattice of the main element are substituted by atoms of other elements, and crystalline solid solution of implementation, in which foreign atoms are between the lattice of the main element. | ||
| 2.2.53 temperature (point) phase transformations: For steels, mainly there are the following temperatures: |
de | Umwandlungsremperatur; Umwandlungspunkt |
AC |
en | Transformation temperature |
AC |
fr |
|
| 2.2.54 temperature (point) phase equilibrium: |
de | Umwandlungsremperatur; Umwandlungspunkt |
| For steels, mainly there are the following temperatures: |
en | Transformation temperature |
AE |
fr |
|
| 2.2.55 phase: Homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts of the system interface, the transition through which the chemical composition or structure of a substance change abruptly. | de | Phase |
| en | Phase | |
| fr | Phase | |
| Note — Phases are, for example, ferrite, austenite, cementite. | ||
| 2.2.56 the original (primary) phase: a Phase which produces one or more new phases. | de | Mutterphase |
| en | Parent phase | |
| fr | Phase- | |
2.2.57 ferrite: a Solid solution (crystalline solid solution) of one or more chemical elements |
de | Ferrit |
| en | Ferrite | |
| fr | Ferrite | |
2.2.58 cementite: iron Carbide, the chemical composition of which corresponds to the formula Fe |
de | Zementit |
| en | Cementite | |
| fr | ||
| 2.2.59 cast iron: an Alloy of iron with carbon, containing over 2,14% of carbon. | de | |
| en | Cast iron | |
| fr | Fonte |
; 
du carbone
transformations during the cooling and the current at room temperature.
de I'azote
)
(de traitement thermique)
critique de trempe
in 
, nadeliges; 
; Zeilenstruktur
sous charge 
; Mischkristall
de transformation
de transformation
Alphabetical index of terms in Russian language
|
2.2.1 |
-iron |
2.2.2 |
-iron |
2.2.3 |
-carbide |
2.2.4 |
nitriding |
2.1.4 |
nitriding false |
2.1.4.2 |
the nitriding step |
2.1.4.3 |
azetomepregenola |
2.1.19 |
activity carbon |
2.2.5 |
litrovaya |
2.1.5 |
austenite |
2.2.6 |
the residual austenite |
2.2.7 |
austenitization |
2.1.6 |
austenitization incomplete |
2.1.1.1 |
the atmosphere is exothermic |
2.1.42 |
atmosphere endothermic |
2.1.43 |
beynit |
2.2.8 |
boronovanii |
2.1.7 |
anodirovanie |
2.1.8 |
grain size |
2.2.9 |
the effect of volume |
2.2.10 |
bluing (oxidation, blackening, bluing) |
2.1.9 |
warm-up time |
2.1.18.3 |
excerpt |
2.1.18.4 |
aging diffusion |
2.1.14 |
depth of nitriding |
2.1.4.1 |
the depth of the hardened layer after carburizing |
2.1.40.1 |
depth bezoperatsionnogo layer |
2.1.21.1 |
depth of carburized layer |
2.1.40.2 |
homogenization |
2.1.25.2 |
the gradient of nitrogen content |
2.2.11 |
the gradient of the carbon content |
2.2.12 |
the grain boundary |
2.2.13 |
graphitization (process) |
2.1.10 |
dehydrogenation |
2.1.25.15 |
destabilization of retained austenite |
2.1.26.2 |
deformation in the pearlite region |
2.1.11 |
the deformation normalization |
2.1.12 |
the diagram of isothermal transformation of austenite |
2.1.13 |
diagram of heating |
2.1.18.5 |
chart home |
2.1.26.3 |
graph transformations during continuous cooling |
2.1.27.2 |
thermokinetic diagram |
2.1.27.2 |
the diameter of the critical |
2.2.20 |
hardenability |
2.1.15.13 |
hardening |
2.1.15 |
quenching double |
2.1.15.1 |
isothermal annealing |
2.1.15.2 |
annealing pulse |
2.1.15.3 |
quenching of the local |
2.1.15.4 |
isothermal annealing on the beynit |
2.1.15.2.1 |
hardening incomplete |
2.1.15.5 |
quenching of surface |
2.1.15.6 |
interrupted quenching |
2.1.15.7 |
hardening intermittent |
2.1.15.8 |
hardening video |
2.1.15.9 |
quenching of spontaneous |
2.1.15.10 |
hardening through |
2.1.15.11 |
the annealing step |
2.1.15.12 |
grain |
2.2.15 |
the fracture is crystalline |
2.2.19 |
simulation of nitriding |
2.1.4.2 |
simulation of grouting |
2.1.40.3 |
the interval of phase transformations |
2.2.16 |
warping |
2.2.17 |
ratio of carbon mass transfer |
2.2.18 |
the cooling curve |
2.1.27.3 |
alloying |
2.2.22 |
ledeburite |
2.2.23 |
martensite |
2.2.24 |
martensite secondary |
2.2.25 |
microhardness |
2.2.26 |
heating |
2.1.18 |
the heating pulse |
2.1.18.1 |
pre-heating |
2.1.18.2 |
case |
2.1.40 |
nitrocarburizing |
2.1.19 |
normalization |
2.1.20 |
normalization with accelerated cooling |
2.1.20.1 |
decarbonisation |
2.1.21 |
treatment for grinding grain |
2.1.22 |
treatment on solid solution |
2.1.23 |
treatment heat |
2.1.1 |
thermomechanical processing |
2.1.3 |
thermomechanical processing of high temperature |
2.1.3.1 |
low-temperature thermomechanical treatment |
2.1.3.2 |
treatment of chemical and thermal |
2.1.2 |
cold treatment |
2.1.24 |
the oxidation of the internal |
2.2.27 |
determination of grain size for Macquaid-ENU |
2.2.28 |
determination of hardenability by the method of end quenching method (Jomini) |
2.1.29.1 |
annealing |
2.1.25 |
annealing recovery |
2.1.25.1 |
annealing diffusion |
2.1.25.2 |
annealing to relieve residual stresses |
2.1.25.5 |
isothermal annealing |
2.1.25.3 |
the inter-critical annealing |
2.1.25.4 |
annealing of coarse-grained structure |
2.1.25.6 |
annealing spheroidization of the carbides |
2.1.25.7 |
annealing solid solution |
2.1.25.8 |
annealing is incomplete |
2.1.25.4 |
the low-temperature annealing |
2.1.25.14 |
annealing full |
2.1.25.9 |
annealing recrystallization |
2.1.25.10 |
annealing bright |
2.1.25.11 |
annealing softening |
2.1.25.12 |
the stabilizing annealing |
2.1.25.13 |
subcritical annealing |
2.1.25.14 |
annealing spheroidizing |
2.1.25.7 |
vacation |
2.1.26 |
a vacation to relieve residual stresses |
2.1.26.4 |
vacation low temperature |
2.1.26.4 |
spontaneous vacation |
2.1.26.6 |
cooling |
2.1.27 |
accelerated cooling |
2.1.27.8 |
the two-stage accelerated cooling |
2.1.27.10 |
cooling accelerated one-step |
2.1.27.9 |
patenting |
2.1.28 |
overheating |
2.1.18.6 |
burnout |
2.1.18.7 |
a glut of carbon |
2.2.29 |
perlite |
2.2.30 |
heated |
2.1.18.8 |
the equilibrium potential of the carbon |
2.2.33 |
the eutectoid transformation |
2.2.31 |
program heating |
2.1.18.10 |
warming up end-to-end |
2.1.18.9 |
the length of heating |
2.1.18.11 |
the duration of cooling |
2.1.27.5 |
the duration of heat treatment |
2.1.1.2 |
hardenability (process) |
2.1.29 |
hardenability (phenomenon) |
2.2.32 |
solution of solid |
2.2.52 |
the solid solution crystal |
2.2.52 |
heating mode |
2.1.18.10 |
cooling mode |
2.1.27.6 |
mode temperature |
2.1.36 |
recalescence |
2.2.34 |
grain growth |
2.2.35 |
smoothback |
2.1.26.6 |
sensitization |
2.2.36 |
section critical |
2.2.21 |
siliconizing |
2.1.30 |
the heating rate |
2.1.18.12 |
the rate of cooling |
2.1.27.7 |
the cooling rate critical |
2.1.27.4 |
the diffusion layer |
2.1.31 |
layer tempered |
2.1.16 |
environment |
2.1.32 |
the ability cooling |
2.1.27.1 |
stabilization |
2.1.33 |
stabilization of residual austenite |
2.1.33.1 |
steel |
2.2.37 |
steel -ferritic |
2.2.38 |
steel austenitic |
2.2.39 |
steel grafitirovannye |
2.2.40 |
steel zaevtektoidnoj |
2.2.41 |
steel hypereutectoid |
2.2.42 |
the ledeburite steel |
2.2.43 |
steel Maraging |
2.2.44 |
steel zamotaylova |
2.2.45 |
aging |
2.1.34 |
aging of martensite |
2.1.34.1 |
structure Widmanstatten |
2.2.46 |
the structure of the needle |
2.2.47 |
structure stroke |
2.2.48 |
structural component |
2.2.49 |
step nitriding |
2.1.4.3 |
sulfentrazone |
2.1.35 |
spheroidization |
2.2.50 |
the secondary hardening |
2.1.26.1 |
dispersion hardening (process) |
2.1.17 |
the hardening of the dispersion (phenomenon) |
2.2.14 |
the hardness at low load |
2.2.51 |
the temperature of austenitization |
2.1.6.1 no |
temperature of quenching |
2.1.15.14 |
the heating temperature for hardening |
2.1.15.14 |
| the temperature of phase transformation | 2.1.37; 2.2.53 |
the temperature of phase equilibrium |
2.2.54 |
heat treatment in the field (+) |
2.1.1.1 |
thickness of hardened layer |
2.1.16 |
the thickness of the hardened layer as a result of surface hardening |
2.1.16.1 |
the point of phase transformation |
2.2.53 |
point phase equilibrium |
2.2.55 |
removal of hydrogen due to annealing |
2.1.25.15 |
the enlargement of the grains |
2.2.35 |
improvement |
2.1.38 |
the cooling conditions |
2.1.27.11 |
phase |
2.2.55 |
phase source |
2.2.56 |
phase main |
2.2.56 |
ferrite |
2.2.57 |
characteristics of heating |
2.1.18.13 |
feature cooling |
2.1.27.12 |
chemical-heat treatment |
2.1.2 |
chrome |
2.1.39 |
the fragility of release |
2.1.26.5 |
cementation |
2.1.40 |
cementation about |
2.1.40.3 |
multi-stage cementation |
2.1.40.4 |
re-cementation |
2.1.40.5 |
cementite |
2.2.58 |
the galvanizing diffusion |
2.1.41 |
cast iron |
2.2.59 |
hereditary |
2.1.41 |
| stage heat treatment | 2.1.1.3 |
Alphabetic index of equivalents terms in German language
|
2.2.1 |
|
2.2.2 |
|
2.2.3 |
|
2.2.4 |
| 2.1.27.11 | |
| 2.1.27.5 | |
| 2.1.27 | |
| 2.1.27.7 | |
|
2.1.27.4 |
| 2.1.27.3 | |
| 2.1.27.6 | |
| 2.1.27.12 | |
| 2.1.27.1 | |
| 2.1.27.6 | |
| abschrecken unterbrochen |
2.1.15.7 |
| abschrecken, gebrochenes |
2.1.15.8 |
| abschrecken, gestuftes |
2.1.15.12 |
| abschrecktemperatur |
2.1.15.14 |
| alterung |
2.1.34 |
| aluminisieren |
2.1.5 |
| anlassen |
2.1.26 |
| 2.1.26.3 | |
| 2.1.26.5 | |
| 2.1.18.8 | |
|
2.1.43 |
|
2.1.42 |
| 2.1.15.13 | |
| aufkohlen, mehrstufiges |
2.1.40.4 |
| aufkohlungstiefe |
2.1.40.2 |
| 2.1.17 | |
| 2.2.14 | |
| austenit |
2.2.6 |
| austenitisieren |
2.1.6 |
| austenitisiertemperatur |
2.1.6.1 no |
| bainit |
2.2.8 |
| bainitisieren |
2.1.15.2 |
behandeln im ( |
2.1.1.1 |
| 2.1.25.11 | |
| 2.1.9 | |
| blindaufkohlen |
2.1.40.3 |
| blindnitrieren |
2.1.4.2 |
| borieren |
2.1.7 |
| 2.2.5 | |
| chromieren |
2.1.39 |
| dehydrieren |
2.1.25.15 |
| destabilisierung des restaustenits |
2.1.26.2 |
| diffundieren |
2.1.14 |
| diffusionsbehandeln |
2.1.14 |
| 2.1.25.2 | |
| diffusionsschicht |
2.1.31 |
| diffusionsverzinken |
2.1.41 |
| direktabschrecken |
2.1.15.9 |
| 2.1.15.9 | |
| 2.1.15.1 | |
| 2.1.15.11 | |
| durchmesser, kritischer |
2.2.20 |
|
2.1.18.9 |
| einformung |
2.2.50 |
| 2.1.29 | |
| 2.1.16 | |
|
2.1.16.1 |
| 2.1.40 | |
| 2.1.40.1 | |
| entkohlen |
2.1.21 |
| entkohlungstiefe |
2.1.21.1 |
| 2.1.25.1 | |
| ferrit |
2.2.57 |
feste |
2.2.52 |
|
2.2.46 |
|
2.2.47 |
| 2.2.49 | |
| 2.1.25 | |
|
2.1.25.7 |
| graphitisieren |
2.1.10 |
| 2.1.25.6 | |
| 2.2.59 | |
| halten |
2.1.18.4 |
| 2.2.32 | |
| 2.1.15 | |
|
2.1.15.4 |
| hochtemperatur-thermomechanische behandlung |
2.1.3.1 |
| 2.1.15.3 | |
| 2.1.18.1 | |
|
2.1.15.6 |
| isothermisches |
2.1.25.3 |
| isothermisches umwandeln in der bainitstufe |
2.1.15.2.1 |
| 2.2.51 | |
| 2.2.5 | |
| kohlenstoffpegel |
2.2.33 |
| 2.2.18 | |
| kohlenstoffverlauf |
2.2.12 |
| korn |
2.2.15 |
| korngrenze |
2.2.13 |
| 2.2.9 | |
| 2.2.35 | |
| kornwachstum |
2.2.35 |
| kristallit |
2.2.15 |
| ledeburit |
2.2.23 |
| legierung |
2.2.22 |
| 2.1.23 | |
| martensit |
2.2.24 |
| 2.1.34.1 | |
McQuaid-Ehn- |
2.2.28 |
| medium |
2.1.32 |
| 2.2.26 | |
| mischkristall |
2.2.52 |
| mittel |
2.1.32 |
| mutterphase |
2.2.56 |
| 2.2.47 | |
| niedertemperatur-thermomechanischen behandlung |
2.1.3.2 |
| nitrieren |
2.1.4 |
| nitrieren, mehrstufiges |
2.1.4.3 |
| nitriertiefe |
2.1.4.1 |
| nitrocarburieren |
2.1.19 |
| 2.1.20 | |
| oxidation, innere |
2.2.27 |
| patentieren |
2.1.28 |
| perlit |
2.2.30 |
| perlitisieren |
2.1.25.3 |
| phase |
2.2.55 |
| rekaleszenz |
2.2.34 |
| 2.1.25.10 | |
| restaustenit |
2.2.7 |
| secundarmartensit |
2.2.25 |
| 2.1.26.1 | |
| selbstabschrecken |
2.1.15.10 |
| selbstanlassen |
2.1.26.6 |
| sensibilisierung |
2.2.36 |
| sherardisieren |
2.1.41 |
| silicieren |
2.1.30 |
| simulationsnitrieren |
2.1.4.2 |
| 2.1.25.5 | |
| 2.1.25.13 | |
| stabilisieren |
2.1.33 |
| stabilisierung des restaustenits |
2.1.33.1 |
| stahl |
2.2.37 |
| stahl, austenitischer |
2.2.39 |
| stahl, graphitischer |
2.2.40 |
| stahl, ledeburitischer |
2.2.43 |
stahl, |
2.2.45 |
stahl, |
2.2.44 |
stahl, |
2.2.42 |
| stahl, untereutektoidischer |
2.2.41 |
stahl, |
2.2.38 |
| stickstoffverlauf |
2.2.11 |
| stirnabschreckversuch |
2.1.29.1 |
| sulfonitrocarburieren |
2.1.35 |
| teilaustenitisieren |
2.1.1.1 |
| thermochemische behandlung |
2.1.2 |
| thermomechanische behandlung |
2.1.3 |
tieftemperaturbehandeln, |
2.1.24 |
|
2.1.18.6 |
| 2.2.29 | |
| umformen, normalisierendes |
2.1.12 |
| umformperlitisieren |
2.1.11 |
| 2.1.22 | |
| umwandlung, eutektoidische |
2.2.31 |
| umwandlungsbereich |
2.2.16 |
| umwandlungspunkt |
2.2.53 |
| umwandlungspunkt |
2.2.55 |
| umwandlungsremperatur |
2.2.53 |
| umwandlungsremperatur |
2.2.55 |
| umwandlungstemperatur |
2.1.37 |
| umwandlungspunkt |
2.1.37 |
| 2.1.15.5 | |
| vanadieren |
2.1.8 |
| no combustion |
2.1.18.7 |
| 2.1.38 | |
| verweildauer |
2.1.1.2 |
verzug (durch |
2.2.17 |
| 2.2.10 | |
| 2.1.18.2 | |
| 2.1.15.2 | |
| 2.1.18.11 | |
| 2.1.1 | |
| 2.1.1.3 | |
| 2.1.18 | |
| 2.1.18.12 | |
| 2.1.18.5 | |
| 2.1.18.13 | |
| 2.1.18.10 | |
| 2.1.18.10 | |
wasserstoffentzug |
2.1.25.15 |
| 2.1.25.12 | |
| wiederaufkohlen |
2.1.40.5 |
| 2.2.48 | |
| zeilenstruktur |
2.2.48 |
| zeit-temperatur-folge |
2.1.36 |
zeit-temperatur-umwandlungs-schaubild |
2.1.13 |
zeit-temperatur-umwandlungs-schaubild |
2.1.27.2 |
| zementit |
2.2.58 |
ZTU-schaubild |
2.1.13 |
, kritische
, endotherme
, exotherme
(
)
nach 
in 
anordnung
, nadeliges
auf kugelige carbide
, 
(
)
und 
)
; ZTU-schaubild 
Alphabetical index of the terms in English
| acicular structure |
2.2.47 |
| ageing |
2.1.34 |
| air-hardening steel |
2.2.45 |
| alloy |
2.2.22 |
| alpha iron |
2.2.1 |
| aluminizing |
2.1.5 |
| annealing |
2.1.25 |
| austempering |
2.1.15.2.1 |
| austenite |
2.2.6 |
| austenitic steel |
2.2.39 |
| austenitizing |
2.1.6 |
| austenitizing temperature |
2.1.6.1 no |
| auto-tempering |
2.1.26.6 |
| bainite |
2.2.8 |
| baking |
2.1.25.15 |
| banded structure |
2.2.48 |
| blank carburizing |
2.1.40.3 |
| blank nitriding |
2.1.4.2 |
| blueing |
2.1.9 |
| boost-Diffuse carburizing |
2.1.40.4 |
| boriding |
2.1.7 |
| bright annealing |
2.1.25.11 |
| burning |
2.1.18.7 |
| carbon activity |
2.2.5 |
| carbon mass transfer coefficient |
2.2.18 |
| carbon potential |
2.2.33 |
| carbon profile |
2.2.12 |
| carbon restoration |
2.1.40.5 |
| case depth |
2.1.40.2 |
| case hardening |
2.1.40 |
| cast iron |
2.2.59 |
| cementite |
2.2.58 |
| chromizing |
2.1.39 |
| constituant |
2.2.49 |
| continuous-cooling-transformation Diagram (CCT Diagram) |
2.1.27.2 |
| cooling |
2.1.27 |
| cooling conditions |
2.1.27.11 |
| cooling curve |
2.1.27.3 |
| cooling function |
2.1.27.12 |
| cooling rate |
2.1.27.7 |
| cooling schedule |
2.1.27.6 |
| cooling time |
2.1.27.5 |
| critical cooling rate |
2.1.27.4 |
| critical diameter |
2.2.20 |
| crystallinity |
2.2.19 |
| decarburizing |
2.1.21 |
| delta iron |
2.2.3 |
| depth of decarburization |
2.1.21.1 |
| depth of nitriding |
2.1.4.1 |
| depth of transformation |
2.1.29 |
| destabilization of retained austenite |
2.1.26.2 |
| diffusion treatment |
2.1.14 |
| diffusion zone |
2.1.31 |
| direct hardening treatment |
2.1.15.9 |
| direct quenching |
2.1.15.9 |
| distortion |
2.2.17 |
| double quench hardening treatment |
2.1.15.1 |
| effective case depth after carburizing |
2.1.40.1 |
| effective case depth after surface hardening |
2.1.16.1 |
| endothermic atmosphere |
2.1.43 |
| epsilon carbide |
2.2.4 |
| equalization |
2.1.18.9 |
| eutectoid transformation |
2.2.31 |
| exothermic atmosphere |
2.1.42 |
| ferrite |
2.2.57 |
| ferritic steel |
2.2.38 |
| floor to floor time |
2.1.1.2 |
| full annealing |
2.1.25.9 |
| gamma iron |
2.2.2 |
| grain |
2.2.15 |
| grain boundary |
2.2.13 |
| grain coarsening |
2.1.25.6 |
| grain growth |
2.2.35 |
| grain refining |
2.1.22 |
| grain size |
2.2.9 |
| graphitic steel |
2.2.40 |
| graphitizing |
2.1.10 |
| hardenability |
2.2.32 |
| heat treatment |
2.1.1 |
| heating |
2.1.18 |
| heating curve |
2.1.18.5 |
| heating function |
2.1.18.13 |
| heating rate |
2.1.18.12 |
| heating schedule |
2.1.18.10 |
| heating time |
2.1.18.11 |
| heating-up time |
2.1.18.3 |
| high temperature thermomechanical treatment |
2.1.3.1 |
| homogenizing |
2.1.25.2 |
| hypereutectoid steel |
2.2.42 |
| hypoeutectoid steel |
2.2.41 |
| impulse hardening |
2.1.15.3 |
| impulse heating |
2.1.18.1 |
| incomplete quenching |
2.1.15.5 |
| induction hardening (Surface hardening treatment) |
2.1.15.6 |
| inter-critical annealing |
2.1.25.4 |
| inter-critical treatment |
2.1.1.1 |
| internal oxidation |
2.2.27 |
| interrupted quenching |
2.1.15.7 |
| interrupted quenching |
2.1.15.8 |
| isoforming |
2.1.11 |
| jominy test |
2.1.29.1 |
| ledeburite |
2.2.23 |
| ledeburitic steel |
2.2.43 |
| limiting ruling section |
2.2.21 |
| local hardening |
2.1.15.4 |
| low load hardness |
2.2.51 |
| low-temperature thermomechanical treatment |
2.1.3.2 |
| maraging |
2.1.34.1 |
| maraging steel |
2.2.44 |
| martempering |
2.1.15.2 |
| martensite |
2.2.24 |
| mass effect |
2.2.10 |
| maximum achievable hardness |
2.1.15.13 |
| McQuaid-Ehn grain size |
2.2.28 |
| medium |
2.1.32 |
| microhardness |
2.2.26 |
| nitriding |
2.1.4 |
| nitrocarbunzing |
2.1.19 |
| nitrogen profile |
2.2.11 |
| normalizing |
2.1.20 |
| normalizing forming |
2.1.12 |
| operation |
2.1.1.3 |
| overcarburizing |
2.2.29 |
| overheating and oversoaking |
2.1.18.6 |
| parent phase |
2.2.56 |
| patenting |
2.1.28 |
| pearlite |
2.2.30 |
| phase |
2.2.55 |
| precipitation hardening |
2.2.14 |
| precipitation hardening traitement |
2.1.17 |
| preheating |
2.1.18.2 |
| quench hardened layer |
2.1.16 |
| quench hardening treatment |
2.1.15 |
| quenching capacity |
2.1.27.1 |
| quenching temperature |
2.1.15.14 |
| recalescence |
2.2.34 |
| recovery |
2.1.25.1 |
| recrystallizing |
2.1.25.10 |
| retained austenite |
2.2.7 |
| secondary hardening |
2.1.26.1 |
| secondary martensit |
2.2.25 |
| self-quenching |
2.1.15.10 |
| sensitization |
2.2.36 |
| sherardizing |
2.1.41 |
| siliconizing |
2.1.30 |
| soaking |
2.1.18.4 |
| softening |
2.1.25.12 |
| solid solution |
2.2.52 |
| solution annealing |
2.1.25.8 |
| solution treatment |
2.1.23 |
| spheroidization |
2.2.50 |
| spheroidizing |
2.1.25.7 |
| stabilization of retained austenite |
2.1.33.1 |
| stabilizing |
2.1.33 |
| stabilizing annealing |
2.1.25.13 |
| steel |
2.2.37 |
| step quenching |
2.1.15.12 |
| stress relief tempering |
2.1.26.4 |
| stress relieving |
2.1.25.5 |
| sub-critical annealing |
2.1.25.14 |
| sub-zero treating |
2.1.24 |
| sulphidizing |
2.1.35 |
| temper embrittlement |
2.1.26.5 |
| tempering |
2.1.26 |
| tempering curve |
2.1.26.3 |
| thermal cycle |
2.1.36 |
| thermochemical treatment |
2.1.2 |
| thermomechanical treatment |
2.1.3 |
| through-hardening |
2.1.15.11 |
| time-temperature-transformation Diagram (TTT Diagram) |
2.1.13 |
| transformation range |
2.2.16 |
| transformation temperature |
2.1.37 |
| transformation temperature |
2.2.53 |
| transformation temperature |
2.2.55 |
| two stage nitriding |
2.1.4.3 |
| umwandeln in der Perlitstufe |
2.1.25.3 |
| vanadizing |
2.1.8 |
| Widmannstaetten structure | 2.2.46 |
Alphabetical index of equivalent terms in the French language
|
2.1.3.1 |
| aciculaire (structure) |
2.2.47 |
| acier |
2.2.37 |
acier |
2.2.39 |
| acier ferritique |
2.2.38 |
| acier graphitique |
2.2.40 |
| acier ledeburitique |
2.2.43 |
| acier maraging |
2.2.44 |
|
2.2.5 |
| adoucissement (traitement d') |
2.1.25.12 |
| affinage structural (traitement d') |
2.1.22 |
| alliage |
2.2.22 |
|
2.1.43 |
|
2.1.42 |
| aluminisation |
2.1.5 |
| 2.2.6 | |
| 2.2.7 | |
| 2.1.6 | |
| auto-earnings |
2.1.26.6 |
| auto-tempant (acier) |
2.2.45 |
| auto-trempe |
2.1.15.10 |
| bainite |
2.2.8 |
| bandes (structure de) |
2.2.48 |
| bleuissage |
2.1.9 |
| boruration |
2.1.7 |
| 2.1.18.7 | |
|
2.1.15.13 |
carbude |
2.2.4 |
|
2.1.40.3 |
| 2.1.40.4 | |
| 2.2.58 | |
| chauffage (de courbe) |
2.1.18.5 |
chauffage ( |
2.1.18.11 |
| chauffage (de loi) |
2.1.18.13 |
| chauffage (programme de) |
2.1.18.10 |
| chauffage (de vitesse) |
2.1.18.12 |
| chauffage |
2.1.18 |
| chromisation |
2.1.39 |
| coefficient de transfert du carbone |
2.2.18 |
| constituent |
2.2.49 |
| couche de diffusion |
2.1.31 |
| couche durcie par trempe |
2.1.16 |
courbe de |
2.2.11 |
| courbe de repartition du carbone |
2.2.12 |
courbe de |
2.1.26.3 |
| cycle thermique |
2.1.36 |
|
2.1.21 |
|
2.2.17 |
| 2.1.25.15 | |
destabilisation de |
2.1.26.2 |
|
2.1.26.4 |
| diagramme de transformation en conditions isothermes (diagramme TTT) |
2.1.13 |
| diagramme de transformation en refroidissement continu (en conditions anisothermes) (diagramme TRC) |
2.1.27.2 |
|
2.2.20 |
diffusion (traitement thermique ou |
2.1.14 |
| local durcissement par trempe |
2.1.15.4 |
| double durcissement par trempe (de traitement) |
2.1.15.1 |
| durcissement par impulsions |
2.1.15.3 |
durcissement par induction (durcissement partrempe |
2.1.15.6 |
durcissement par |
2.1.17 |
| durcissement par precipitation |
2.2.14 |
| durcissement par trempe (de traitement) |
2.1.15 |
durcissement par trempe |
2.1.15.11 |
| durcissement par trempe directe (de traitement) |
2.1.15.9 |
| durcissement secondaire |
2.1.26.1 |
|
2.1.1.2 |
|
2.2.51 |
| effet de masse |
2.2.10 |
| eutectoide (transformation) |
2.2.31 |
fer |
2.2.1 |
fer |
2.2.2 |
fer |
2.2.3 |
| ferrite |
2.2.57 |
| fonte |
2.2.59 |
| formage normalisant |
2.1.12 |
|
2.1.26.5 |
| globularisation (recuit de) |
2.1.25.7 |
| globularisation |
2.2.50 |
| grain |
2.2.15 |
| grain de cassure |
2.2.19 |
| McQuaid Ehn grain (grosseur de) |
2.2.28 |
| graphitisation (de traitement) |
2.1.10 |
| grosseur du grain |
2.2.9 |
| grossissement du grain (recuit de) |
2.1.25.6 |
| grossissement du grain |
2.2.35 |
|
2.1.25.2 |
| hypereutectoide (acier) |
2.2.42 |
| hypertrempe |
2.1.25.8 |
| hypoeutectoide (acier) |
2.2.41 |
| impulsions (chauffage par) |
2.1.18.1 |
| intervalle critique |
2.2.16 |
| isoformage |
2.1.11 |
| isothermal annealing |
2.1.25.3 |
| joit de grain |
2.2.13 |
| jominy (essai) |
2.1.29.1 |
| ledeburite |
2.2.23 |
maintien ( |
2.1.18.4 |
| maraging (de traitement) |
2.1.34.1 |
| martensite |
2.2.24 |
| martensite secondaire |
2.2.25 |
| 2.2.26 | |
| milieu |
2.1.32 |
| mise en solution (de traitement) |
2.1.23 |
mise en temperature ( |
2.1.18.3 |
| nitrocarburation |
2.1.19 |
| nitruration |
2.1.4 |
nitruration |
2.1.4.2 |
nitruration |
2.1.4.3 |
| normalisation (de traitement) |
2.1.20 |
| 2.1.1.3 | |
| oxydation interne |
2.2.27 |
| patentage |
2.1.28 |
|
2.1.29 |
| perlite |
2.2.30 |
| phase |
2.2.55 |
phase- |
2.2.56 |
| potential carbone |
2.2.33 |
| refroidissement d’un pouvoir mitieu |
2.1.27.1 |
| 2.1.18.2 | |
| conventionnelle profondeur de cementation |
2.1.40.1 |
profondeur conventionnelle de durcissement par trempe |
2.1.16.1 |
| profondeur de cementation |
2.1.40.2 |
profondeur de |
2.1.21.1 |
| profondeur de nitruration |
2.1.4.1 |
| recalescence |
2.2.34 |
| recarburation (de traitement) |
2.1.40.5 |
| recristallisation (de traitement) |
2.1.25.10 |
| recuit |
2.1.25 |
| recuit blanc |
2.1.25.11 |
| recuit complet |
2.1.25.9 |
| recuit intercritique |
2.1.25.4 |
| recuit isotherme |
2.1.25.3 |
| recuit subcritique |
2.1.25.14 |
| refroidissement (courbe de) |
2.1.27.3 |
refroidissement ( |
2.1.27.5 |
| refroidissement (loi de) |
2.1.27.12 |
| refroidissement (mode de) |
2.1.27.11 |
| refroidissement (programme de) |
2.1.27.6 |
| refroidissement (de vitesse) |
2.1.27.7 |
| refroidissement |
2.1.27 |
| refroidissement critique (de vitesse) |
2.1.27.4 |
| relaxation (de traitement) |
2.1.25.5 |
| restauration (de traitement) |
2.1.25.1 |
| revenue |
2.1.26 |
| sensibilisation |
2.2.36 |
| 2.1.41 | |
| siliciuration |
2.1.30 |
| solution solide |
2.2.52 |
| stabilisation (de traitement) |
2.1.33 |
stabilisation de I'austenite |
2.1.33.1 |
| sulfonitrocarburation |
2.1.35 |
| surcarburation |
2.2.29 |
| surchauffe |
2.1.18.6 |
| 2.1.6.1 no | |
|
2.1.37 |
|
2.2.53 |
|
2.2.55 |
|
2.1.15.14 |
| traitement intercritique |
2.1.1.1 |
| traitement par le froid |
2.1.24 |
| traitement thermique |
2.1.1 |
| traitement thermochimique |
2.1.2 |
traitement |
2.1.3 |
traitement |
2.1.3.2 |
| 2.2.32 | |
| trempe directe |
2.1.15.9 |
trempe |
2.1.15.12 |
trempe |
2.1.15.2.1 |
trempe |
2.1.15.2 |
| trempe incomplete |
2.1.15.5 |
| trempe interrompue |
2.1.15.7 |
| trempe interrompue |
2.1.15.8 |
| vanadisation |
2.1.8 |
| vieillissement |
2.1.34 |
| widmannstaetten (structure de) | 2.2.46 |
de traitement 
du carbone
endothermique
exothermique
de durcissement par trempe
de I azote
revenue au
(de traitement)
(de traitement thermique)
(earnings de)
critique de trempe
de)
(de traitement)
sous charge 
de revenue
(recuil de)
)
detrempe
de transformation
de transformation
de transformation
de trempe
bainitique
martensitique
