GOST 17359-82

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ГОСТ 17359-82

GOST 17359−82 Powder metallurgy. Terms and definitions

GOST 17359−82

Group В00

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR

POWDER METALLURGY

Terms and definitions

Powder metallurgy. Terms and definitions

Date of introduction 1983−07−01

DEVELOPED by the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and the all-Union Council of scientific technical societies

PERFORMERS

V. N. Klimenko, I. D. Radomyslsky, P. 3. Vlasiuk, M. Simonovic, V. S. Rakovskii

INTRODUCED by the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR

Member Of The Presidium Of G. E. Pukhov

APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee on standards of 30 June 1982 N 2583

REPLACE GOST 17359−71

This standard sets used in science, engineering and manufacturing of terms and definitions in the field of powder metallurgy.

Terms set the standard required for the application of the normative-technical documentation.

For each concept has a single standardized term. The use of terms — synonyms of the normalized term is prohibited. Unacceptable for use synonymous terms given in the standard as reference and marked «NDP».

For certain of the standardized terms in the standard is shown as reference the short form, which can be used in cases precluding the possibility of their different interpretation. Installed definitions can, if necessary, change the form of presentation, preventing trespass of concepts.

In the standard as reference is given to foreign equivalents for a number of standardized terms in German (D) English (E) and French (F) languages.

The standard lists the indexes contained in this term in the Russian language and their foreign equivalents.

Standardized terms in bold, short form — light; and invalid synonyms in italics.

The term	Definition
1. Powder metallurgy NDP. Metal D. Pulvermetallurgie E. Powder metallurgy F. des poudres	The field of science and technology, covering the production of metal powders, products thereof or their mixtures with non-metallic powders
2. Metal powder Powder D. Pulver E. Powder F. Poudre	The set of particles of metal, alloy and metal-like compounds with sizes up to millimeters, are in mutual contact, and unrelated
3. Atomization of a metal melt Spray D. E. Atomizing F.	Production of metal powder by dispersing the molten metal or alloy compressed gas, liquid or mechanical means
4. Powder fiber D. Faser E. Fiber F. Fibre	The type of particle metal powder, in which one of the dimensions not less than five times the rest
5. Metallic powder	Non-metallic powder, whose particles are covered with a layer of metal
6. Atomized metal powder The atomized powder D. E. Atomized powder F. Poudre	The metallic powder obtained by atomization of a metal melt
7. The recovered metal powder Restored powder D. Reduktionspulver E. Reduced powder F. Poudre reduite	Metal powder obtained by reduction of chemical compounds of metals
8. Carbonyl metal powder Carbonyl powder D. Karbonylpulver E. Carbonyl powder F. Poudre ex-carbonyle	Metal powder obtained by decomposition of carbonyl compounds of metals
9. Chemically precipitated metal powder Chemically precipitated powder D. E. Precipitated powder F. Poudre	Metal powder obtained by precipitation from solutions of metal salts
10. Electrolytic metal powder Electrolytic powder D. Elektrolytpulver E. Electrolytic powder F. Poudre	Metal powder obtained by electrolysis of solutions or melts of metals
11. Mixing metal powders Mixing of powders D. Mischen E. Mixing F.	Preparation of a homogeneous mechanical mixture of metal powders of various chemical composition and grain size or mixture of metal powders with non-metallic
12. Wet mixing of metal powders Wet mixing D. Nassmischen E. Wet mixing F. humide	Mixing metal powders with the addition of liquid substances, impeding the separation of the mixture components
13. Powder slurry Slip D. E. Slurry F. Suspension	A stable suspension of metal powder
14. Plasticizer powder D. Plastifizierungsmittel E. Binder F. Liant	A substance added to the metal powder to improve its compressibility, increase strength, compaction and prevent segregation before pressing
15. Lubricant powder D. Presserleichternder Zusatz E. Lubricant F. Lubrifiant	A substance added to the metal powder to facilitate the movement of its particles relatively to each other and forming surface of the mold during the pressing
16. The compressibility of the metal powder The compressibility of the powder D. Pressbarkeit E. Compactibility F.	The ability of metal powder to form a pressure body having a predetermined size, shape and density
17. The formability of metal powder Formability of powder D. E. Formability	The ability of metal powder to retain the imparted pressure to the form during a given interval of values of porosity
18. Compactibility of metal powder Compactibility of powder D. Verdichtbarkeit E. Compressibility F.	The ability of metal powder to reduce their volume under pressure or vibration
19. Degassing a metallic powder	Removal of gas from the surface of the powder particles and their volume
20. Shaping metal powder Shaping powder D. Formen E. Forming F. Mise en forme	Technological operation in which the metal powder forms a powder molding
21. Isostatic molding D. Isostatisches Pressen E. Isostatic pressing F. Compression isostatique	Shaping metal powder into a deformable or elastic sheath, in conditions of uniform compression
22. Hot isostatic molding	Isostatic molding to obtain maximum density of the workpiece at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature
23. Pulse shaping D. Formen durch Stosswellen E. Impulse forming F. Formage par explosion	Shaping metal powder or powder molding, wherein the seal is made shock waves in the time interval not exceeding 1
24. Mouthpiece forming D. Pulverstrangpressen E. Extruding F. Extrusion	Molding metal powder by punching through the hole that defines the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the powder forming
25. Slip forming D. Schlickergiessen E. Slip casting F. en babotine	Shaping the metal powder filling the slurry of the porous form for removal of fluid from the slurry
26. Rolling metal powder Rolling of powder D. Pulverwalzen E. Powder rolling F. Laminage de poudre	Shaping metal powder in the mill
27. Powder extrusion molding D. Strangpressen E. Extruding F. Extrusion	The bursting of the powder molding at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature of the material through the opening that defines the shape and dimensions of the cross section of the product
28. The pressing of metal powder Pressing powder D. Pressen E. Pressing F. Compression	Shaping metal powder in the mold under pressure
29. One-sided pressing of metal powder One-sided pressing D. Einseitiges Pressen E. Single-action-pressing F. Compression	Pressing the metal powder in which the pressure is applied to it with one hand
30. Bilateral pressing of metal powder Bilateral pressing D. Beidseitiges Pressen E. Double-action-pressing F. Compression	Pressing the metal powder in which the pressure is applied to it from two opposite sides
31. Pressing a beveled punch E. Pressing with oblique punch	Continuous molding of metallic powder consistent by moving the upper punch portion of the forming surface of which is angled, providing precompaction of the pressed area
32. Hot pressing of metal powder Hot pressing D. Heisspressen E. Hot pressing F. Compression chaud	The pressing of metal powder or a powder molding at a temperature exceeding the recrystallization temperature of the main component
33. Warm compaction of metal powder D. Warmpressen E. Warm pressing F. Compression chaud	The pressing of metal powder or a powder molding at a temperature of 0.1 the melting temperature to the recrystallization temperature of the main component
34. Hot pressing of porous powder molding D. Warmumformen E. Hot forging F. Formage chaud	Stamping powder form, heated to a temperature of, providing a plastic flow of material in a die under pressure
35. Powder forming D. E. Compact F.	Body obtained from metallic powder having a predetermined shape, dimensions and density
36. Pressing D. E. Compact F.	Powder molding, obtained by pressing of metal powder
37. Vypressovyvaniem powder molding Vypressovyvaniem D. Ausstossverfahren E. Ejection F. Ejection	The removal of the powder molding of the molding cavity of the mold or an elastic container
38. Infiltration of the powder forming Infiltration D. E. Infiltration F. Infiltration	The filling of pores of the powder forming molten metal or alloy
39. The neutral zone of pressing D. Neutrale Zone E. Neutral zone F. Zone neutre	The region with the lowest density in the compact received bilateral compression
40. Sintering the powder molding Sintering D. Sintern E. Sintering F. Frittage	Heating and aging of the powder molding at a temperature below the melting point of the base component to ensure the specified mechanical and physical-chemical properties
41. Pre-sintering the powder molding Preliminary sintering D. Vorsintern E. Presintering F.	Sintering the powder molding at a temperature lower than the sintering temperature of the material, in order to remove a lubricant or plasticizer and ensure mechanical strength sufficient for subsequent transportation or processing
42. Activated sintering of powder forming Activated sintering D. Aktiviertes Sintern E. Activated sintering F: Frittage actif	Sintering the powder molding under the influence of chemical and physical factors causing the intensification of the sintering
43. Liquid-phase sintering of powder forming Liquid-phase sintering D. Sintern mit Phase E. Liquid-phase sintering F. Frittage avec phase liquide	Sintering the powder molding at a temperature that ensures the formation of liquid phase
44. Solid-phase sintering of powder forming The solid-phase sintering D. Sintern mit fester Phase E. Solid-phase sintering F. Frittage solide	Sintering the powder molding without formation of a liquid phase
45. Circular sintering of powder forming Circular sintering D. Zyklisches Sintern E. Cyclic sintering F. Frittage cyclique	Sintering of powder forming with cyclic temperature changes
46. Sintering under pressure D. Drucksintern E. Pressure sintering F. Frittage sous pression	Sintering the powder molding with the simultaneous application of pressure with the aim of intensifying the shrinkage and prevent warping
47. Propekanie D. Festbacken	Coating the surface of the part or the powder forming the layer of metal powder with the aim of obtaining a two-layer material by heating to a temperature that ensures sintering of the powder material and the formation of a diffusion connection with the detail
48. Electric pulse sintering	Sintering of powder formed in the mold under pressure, by passing through it a current pulse
49. Dorisovyvanie sintered compacts Dorisovyvanie D. Nachpressen E. Repressing F. Recompression	Re-pressing the sintered compact to increase its density
50. Calibration of the pressing Calibration D. Kalibrieren E. Sizing F. Calibrage	Compress the sintered compact in a mold to obtain the desired dimensions and surface quality
51. Impregnation of sintered powder forming Impregnation D. E. Impregnation F.	Filling the pores of sintered powder forming non-metallic materials
52. Powder material NDP. Metal-ceramic material Sintered material D. Pulverwerkstoff E. Powder material F. de poudre	Material made of metal powder or mixtures thereof with non-metallic powder
53. Powder hard alloy D. Sinterhartmetall E. Hard metal F. dur	Powder material based on a metal-like solid compounds of the binder metal, having a hardness more than HRA 80
54. Powder heavy alloy D. Sintermetall hoher Dichte E. Heavy metal F. lourd	Powder material having a density above 16500 kg/m
55. Molochnoy material D. Faser-Verbundwerkstoff E. Fiber composite F. par des fibres	A powder material made of powder fiber
56. Of dispersion reinforced material D. Dispersions-Sinterwerkstoff E. Dispersion strengthened material F. Materiau durcissement par phase	Powder material, hardened particles of refractory compounds or oxides added to the mixture or formed by internal oxidation and does not dissolve during the sintering operation or
57. Turbidostat E. Carbide-steel	Powder material exposed in the annealed condition machining and consisting of steel and carbides with a mass fraction of from 20 to 70%
58. Kermet D. Metall-Keramik (Sinterwerkstoff) E. Cermet F. Cermet	Powder material, consisting of refractory oxide compounds and refractory metals
59. Friction powder material D. Reibwerkstoff E. Powder frictional material F. de frottement	Powder material to work with in the brake and transmission nodes of machines and devices
60. Antifriction powder material D. Gleitwerkstoff E. Bearing material F. de glissement	Powder material for production of products which require low friction loss
61. Structural powder material D. Sinterbauteile E. Structural parts F. structurale	Powder material for bearing parts of machines, devices and mechanisms
62. Powder electric contact material D. Sinterkontaktwerkstoff E. Sintered electrical contact F. pour contact	Powder material for the production of electrically conductive parts of the switching devices
63. Reinforced powder material D. Bewehrter Sinterwerkstoff E. Reinforced material F.	Powder material strengthened by a grid, wire, fibers or whisker crystals, evenly spaced in cross section of the product
64. Composite powder material D. Verbundwerkstoff E. Composite material F. composite	Powder material represents a mechanical mixture of metals or metals and nonmetals, excluding mutual diffusion at sintering
65. The porous powdered material D. Sintermetallfilter E. Sintered metal filters F. Filtre en	Powder material having a porosity that provides its permeability during operation
66. Powder product NDP. A sintered product The sintered product D. Sinterformteile E. Powder part F.	The product from metal powder
67. Density tapped D. Klopfdichte E. tap density F. Masse volumique	The density of the metal powder measured after tapped it for a particular program
68. The thickness of the feed metal powder The thickness of the powder feeder D. E. Powder feeding thickness F. d’avance de la poudre	The thickness of the metal powder in the loose or softened condition before it enters the rolls
69. The angle of feed of the metal powder The angle of the powder supply D. Ausgangswinkel E. Powder feeding angle	The Central angle determined by the thickness of the metal powder flow in vertical rolling
70. The angle of pressovaniya metal powder The angle of pressovaniya D. Presswinkel E the Angle of compacting	The Central angle determined by the thickness of the rent at the interface between the metal powder and rolling the material in the deformation zone
71. The pressure of the pressing metal powder The pressing pressure of D. Pressdruck E. Compacting pressure F. Pression de compression	The pressure required to obtain a pressing
72. Elastic aftereffect pressing D. E. Spring-back F.	The increase in the size of the pressing action of the elastic forces after removing the pressure
73. The volumetric shrinkage of the powder forming Volumetric shrinkage D. Volumenschwund E. Volume shrinkage F. de Withdrawal volume	The relative volume reduction of the powder molding during the sintering
74. Linear shrinkage of the powder forming Linear shrinkage D. Linearschwund E. Linear shrinkage F. Withdrawal	The relative decrease in the size of the powder molding during the sintering
75. Volume growth powder molding Volume growth D. Volumenwachsen E. Volume growth F. Expansion de volume	The relative increase in volume of the powder molding during the sintering
76. The linear growth of the powder forming Linear growth D. Linearwachsen E. Linear growth F. Gonflement	The relative increase in the size of the powder molding during the sintering
77. Timeline by pressing metal powder Timeline by pressing D. Presszyklogramm E. Pressing cyclogram F. Cyclogramme de compression	Graphic dependence shows the interaction in time of the main working parts of the pressing tool during the pressing of metal powder
78. Arched effect D. E. Bridging F. Formation des ponts	Appearance in the metal powder or the compact pores, exceeding the sizes of the largest particles of powder
79. Open porosity of the powder forming Open porosity D. Offene E. Open porosity F.	The ratio of the volume of pores communicating with the external environment, the volume of the powder forming
80. Closed porosity forming powder Closed porosity D. Geschlossene E. Closed porosity F.	The ratio of the volume of pores not communicating with the external environment, the volume of the powder forming
81. Diffusion porosity D. E. Diffusion porosity F. de diffusion	The porosity arising from the sintering of powder molding consisting of materials with different coefficients of mutual diffusion
82. Rasley D. Pressriss E. Pressing crack F. Crique	A defect in the molding of metal powder, which consists in the appearance of cracks in the powder molding during the molding cycle
83. Crust D. Sinterhaut E. Sinterskin F. Peau de frittage	The defect in sintering the powder molding, which consists in the formation in the surface layer of the structure that differ from the given

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Fiber powder	4
Vypressovyvaniem	37
Vypressovyvaniem powder molding	37
The pressing pressure of	71
The pressure of the pressing metal powder	71
Degassing a metallic powder	19
Dorisovyvanie	49
Dorisovyvanie sintered compacts	49
The pressing zone neutral	39
The product is sintered	66
The product powder	66
The product is sintered	66
Infiltration	38
Infiltration of the powder forming	38
Calibration	50
Calibration of the pressing	50
Turbidostat	57
Kermet	58
Crust	83
Material molochnoy	55
The material of the disperse strengthened	Fifty six
Material cermet	52
Material powder	52
The material powder antifriction	60
Material reinforced powder	63
The powder composite material	64
Material powder structural	61
The material powder of the porous	65
The powder friction material	59
The powder material electrocontact	62
Material sintered	52
Metal	1
Powder metallurgy	1
Plasticizer powder	14
Density tapped	67
The porosity of diffusion	81
Porosity closed	80
The open porosity	79
The porosity of the powder forming a closed	80
The porosity of the powder forming an open	79
Powder	2
Powder restored	7
Powder carbonyl	8
Powder metallic	5
Powder metal	2
Powder metal recovered	7
Powder metal carbonyl	8
The metal powder atomized	6
The metal powder chemically precipitated	9
Powder metal electrolytic	10
Powder sprayed	6
Powder chemically precipitated	9
Powder electrolytic	10
The residual effect of the compression elastic	72
Pressing hot	32
Pressing bilateral	30
The pressing of metal powder	28
The pressing of metal powder hot	32
Pressing the metal powder bilateral	30
Pressing the metal powder unilateral	29
Pressing the metal powder warm	33
Pressing unilateral	29
Pressing powder	28
Pressing a beveled punch	31
Pressing	36
The compressibility of the metal powder	16
The compressibility of the powder	16
Propekanie	47
Rolling metal powder	26
Rolling of powder	26
Impregnation	51
Impregnation of sintered powder forming	51
Spray	3
Atomization of a metal melt	3
Rosslau	82
Linearly	76
The growth of bulk	75
Growth powder forming linear	76
Growth powder moulding surround	75
Lubricant powder	15
Mixing metal powders	11
Mixing metal powders wet	12
Mix wet	12
Mixing of powders	11
Sintering	40
Sintering activated	42
The liquid-phase sintering	43
Sintering under pressure	46
Sintering the powder molding	40
Sintering the powder molding activated	42
Sintering of powder forming a liquid-phase	43
Sintering the powder molding pre	41
Sintering and powder forming solid	44
Sintering of powder forming a cyclic	45
Sintering the preliminary	41
The solid-phase sintering	44
Sintering cyclic	45
Electric pulse sintering	48
Alloy solid powder	53
The hard alloy powder	54
The thickness of the feed metal powder	68
The thickness of the powder feeder	68
The angle of feed of the metal powder	69
The angle of the powder supply	69
The angle of pressovaniya	70
The angle of pressovaniya metal powder	70
Compactibility of metal powder	18
Compactibility of powder	18
Shrinkage linear	74
Volumetric shrinkage	73
Shrinkage of the powder forming the linear	74
Shrinkage of the powder molding surround	73
Isostatic molding	21
The formation of the hot isostatic	22
Shaping pulse	23
Shaping metal powder	20
Of for mowana mouthpiece	24
Shaping powder	20
Shaping slip	25
Molding powder	35
The formability of metal powder	17
Formability of powder	17
Timeline by pressing	77
Timeline by pressing metal powder	77
Slip	13
The dross powder	13
Forging of porous powder forming hot	34
Powder extrusion molding	27
The effect of arch	78

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE

Aktiviertes Sintern	42
	13
Ausgangswinkel	69
Ausstossverfahren	37
Beidseitiges Pressen	30
Bewehrter Sinterwerkstoff	63
	Seventy eight
	81
Dispersions-Sinterwerkstoff	56
Drucksintern	16
Einseitiges Pressen	29
Elektrolytpulver	10
	9
Faser	4
Faser-Verbundwerkstoff	55
Festbacken	47
Formen	20
Formen durch Stosswellen	23
Geschlossene	80
Gleitwerkstoff	60
Heisspressen	32
Isostatisches Pressen	21
Kalibrieren	50
	17
Karbonylpulver	8
Klopfdichte	67
Linearschwund	74
Linearwachsen	76
Metall-Keramik	58
Mischen	11
Nassmischen	12
Nachpressen	49
Neutrale Zone	39
Offene	79
Plastifizierungsmittel	14
Pressdruck	71
Presserleichternder Zusatz	15
	35, 36
Pressriss	82
Presszyklogramm	77
Pressbarkeit	16
Pressen	28
Presswinkel	70
Pulver	2
Pulverwerkstoff	52
Pulvermetallurgie	1
Pulverwalzen	26
	68
Pulverstrangpreseen	24
Reduktionspulver	7
Reibwerkstoff	59
	72
Schlickergiessen	72
Sinterbauteile	61
Sinterformteile	66
Sinterhartmetall	53
Sinterhaut	83
Sinterkontaktwerkstoff	62
Sintermetallfilter	65
Sintermetall hoher Dichte	54
Sintern	40
Sintern mit fester Phase	44
Sintern mit Phase	43
Sinterwerkstoff	58
Strangpressen	27
	38, 51
Verbundwerkstoff	64
Verdichtbarkeit	18
Volumenschwund	73
Volumenwachsen	75
Vorsintern	41
Warmpressen	33
Warmumformen	34
	3
	6
Zyklisches Sintern	45

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Activated sintering	42
Angle of compacting	70
Atomized powder	6
Atomizing	3
Bearing material	60
Binder	14
Bridging	78
Carbide-steel	57
Carbonyl powder	8
Cermet	58
Closed porosity	80
Compact	35, 36
Compactibility	16
Compacting pressure	71
Composite material	64
Compressibility	18
Cyclic sintering	45
Diffusion porosity	81
Dispersion stengthened material	56
Double-action-pressing	30
Ejection	37
Electrolytic powder	10
Extruding	24, 27
Fiber	4
Fiber composite	47
Formability	17
Forming	20
Hard metal	53
Heavy metal	46
Hot forging	34
Hot pressing	32
Impregnation	51
Impulse forming	23
Infiltration	38
Isostatic pressing	21
Liquid-phase sintering	43
Linear growth	76
Linear shrinkage	74
Lubricant	15
Mixing	11
The Neutral zone	39
Open porosity	79
Powder	2
Powder feeding angle	69
Powder feeding thickness	68
Powder frictional material	59
Powder material	52
Powder metallurgy	1
Powder part	66
Powder rolling	26
Precipitated powder	9
Pressing	28
Pressing crack	82
Pressing cyclogram	77
Pressing with obliquepunch	31
Presintering	41
Pressure sintering	46
Reduced powder	7
Reinforced material	63
Repressing	49
Single-action-pressing	29
Sintered electrical contact	62
Sintered metal filters	65
Sintering	40
Sinterskin	83
Slip casting	25
Slurry	13
Solid-phase sintering	44
Spring-back	72
Structural parts	61
Sizing	50
Tap density	67
Volume growth	75
Volume shrinkage	73
Wet mixing	12
Warm pressing	33

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF TERMS IN FRENCH LANGUAGE

Calibrage	50
Cermet	58
	16, 18
Compression	28
Compression chaud	32, 33
Compression	30
Compression isostatique	21
Compression	29
	35, 36
en babotine	25
Crique	82
Cyclogramme de compression	77
	72
	37
d’avance de la poudre	68
Expansion de volume	75
Extrusion	24, 27
Fibre	4
Filtre en	65
Formage chaud	34
Formage par explosion	23
Formation des ponts	78
Frittage	40
Frittage actif	42
Frittage solide	44
Frittage avec phase liquide	43
Frittage cyclique	45
Frittage sous pression	46
Gonflement	76
	51
Infiltration	38
Laminage de poudre	26
Liant	14
Lubrifiant	15
Masse volumique	67
durcissement par phase	56
composite	64
de glissement	60
de frottement	59
de poudre	52
	63
pour contact	62
par des fibres	55
	11
humide	12
dur	53
lourd	54
des poudres	1
Mise en forme	20
Peau de frittage	83
structurale	61
	66
de diffusion	81
	80
ouverte	79
Poudre	2
Poudre	6
Poudre	10
Poudre ex-carbonyle	8
Poudre	9
Poudre reduite	7
	41
Pression de compression	71
	3
Recompression	49
Withdrawal	74
Withdrawal de volume	73
	17
Suspension	13
Zone neutre	39