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Steel 45X

Description

Steel 45X

Steel 45X: a brand of steels and alloys. Below is a systematized information on the purpose, chemical composition, types of supplies, substitutes, temperature of critical points, physical, mechanical, technological and casting properties for the grade — Steel 45X.

General information of steel 45X

Substitute brand
steel: 40Х, 50Х, 45ХЦ, 40ХГТ, 40ХФ, 40Х2АФЕ.
Delivery type
Long products, including shaped: GOST 4543−71, GOST 2590−71, GOST 2591−71, GOST 10702−78. Calibrated bar GOST 7414−75, GOST 8559−75, GOST 8560−78, GOST 1051−73. Polished bar and silver bar GOST 14955−77. Thick sheet GOST 1577−81, GOST 19903−74. Strip GOST 82−70, GOST 103−76. Forgings and forged billets GOST 8479−70, GOST 1131−71.
Application
shafts, gears, axles, bolts, connecting rods and other parts, to which the requirements of increased hardness, wear resistance, strength and operating at low shock loads are applied.

Chemical composition of steel 45X

Chemical element %
Silicon (Si) 0.17−0.37
Manganese (Mn) 0.50−0.80
Copper (Cu), no more 0.30
Nickel (Ni), no more 0.30
Sulfur (S), no more 0.035
Carbon (C) 0.41−0.49
Phosphorus (P), no more 0.035
Chromium (Cr) 0.80−1.10

Mechanical properties of 45X steel

Mechanical properties

Heat treatment, delivery condition Section, mm σ 0.2, MPa σ B, MPa δ 5 ,% ψ,% KCU, J / m 2 HB
Bar. Hardening 840 ° С, oil. Vacation 520 ° C, water or oil 25 830 1030 nine 45 49  
Forgings. Normalization. KP 315 <100 315 570 17 38 39 167−207
Forgings. Normalization. KP 315 300−500 315 570 12 thirty 29 167−207
Forgings. Normalization. KP 315 500−800 315 570 eleven thirty 29 167−207
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 315 500−800 315 570 eleven thirty 29 167−207
Forgings. Normalization. KP 345 <100 345 590 eighteen 45 59 174−217
Forgings. Normalization. KP 345 100−300 345 590 17 40 54 174−217
Forgings. Normalization. KP 345 300−500 345 590 fourteen 38 49 174−217
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 395 500−800 345 590 12 33 39 174−217
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 395 100−300 395 615 fifteen 40 54 187−229
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 395 300−500 395 615 thirteen 35 49 187−229
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 440 100−300 440 635 fourteen 40 54 197−235
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 440 300−500 440 635 thirteen 35 49 197−235
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 490 <100 490 655 sixteen 45 59 212−248
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 490 100−300 490 655 thirteen 40 54 212−248
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 540 100−300 540 685 thirteen 40 49 223−262
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 590 <100 590 735 fourteen 45 59 235−277
Forgings. Quenching, vacation. KP 640 <100 640 785 thirteen 42 59 248−293

Mechanical properties depending on the tempering temperature

vacation t, ° С σ 0.2, MPa σ B, MPa δ 5 ,% ψ,% HB
A rod with a diameter of 25 mm. Hardening 830 ° С, oil.
300 1490 1710 ten 27 500
400 1270 1490 12 37 450
500 1130 1240 17 50 375
600 880 1030 21 60 300
A rod with a diameter of 50 mm. Hardening 820 ° С, oil.
400 1490 1600 4 40  
500 1080 1190 ten 52  
600 540 640 20 60  

Technological properties of steel 45X

Forging temperature
Beginning 1250, end 780. Sections up to 100 mm are cooled in air, 101−300 mm — in a mold.
Weldability
difficult to weld. Welding methods: RDS — heating and subsequent heat treatment are required. KTS — subsequent heat treatment is required.
Machinability by cutting
In the hot-rolled state at HB 163−168, σ B = 610 MPa K υ tv.spl. = 1.20, K υ b.st. = 0.95.
Tendency to release ability
inclined
Flock sensitivity
sensitive

Temperature of critical points of steel 45X

Critical point ° C
Ac1 735
Ac3 770
Ar3 690
Ar1 660
Mn 355

Impact strength of steel 45X

Impact strength, KCU, J / cm 2

Delivery status, heat treatment +20 -40 -80
  55 51 39

Endurance limit of steel 45X

σ -1, MPa n σ B, MPa σ 0.2, MPa Heat treatment, steel condition
343   980 830 HB 285
380   780 550 HB 217
774 1E + 6 1590    
588 5E + 6 1150    
588       Quenching 830 C, oil, tempering 575 C.

Hardenability of steel 45X

Hardening 850 C. Hardness for strips of hardenability HRCe.

Distance from the end, mm / HRC e
1.5 4.5 7.5 nine 12 13.5 16.5 19.5 24 33
54−60 51.5−58.5 47.5−57 45−55 39.5−52.5 37.5−47 34.5−43.5 31.5−42 28.5−39.5 24.5−34.5
Amount of martensite,% Crit. Diam. in water, mm Crit. Diam. in oil, mm
50 33−60 20−38
95 21−36 12−14

Physical properties of steel 45X

Test temperature, ° С 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Normal elastic modulus, E, GPa 206                  
Torsional shear elastic modulus G, GPa 78                  
Density of steel, pn, kg / m 3 7820                  
Test temperature, ° С 20−100 20−200 20−300 20−400 20−500 20−600 20−700 20−800 20−900 20−1000
Linear expansion coefficient (a, 10−6 1 / ° С) 12.8 13.0 13.7              

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