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Steel 45

VSt6ps VSt5sp VSt3kp VSt4kp VSt6sp VSt2kp Vst4ps St0 VSt2ps VSt3ps VSt5ps VSt2sp VSt3sp 18К 08ps 10ps 15К 18kp 20ps 35 55 05kp 08Ю 15kp 20 (20А) 22К 40 58 (55ПП) 08 10 (Art. 10) 12К 15pc 20К 25 45 60 08kp 10kp 15 16К 20kp 30 50 0cB 60С2 60C2XA 50XFA 60C2A 60C2CHFA 65C2VA 85 55XGR 65 70C3A 55С2 60Г 60C2H2A 65Г 70 75 SHKH15 SHKH15SG SH4 А12 А20 A40G А30 10XNDP 14G2AF 15G2AFDps 17GS 18G2AFps 09Г2 10G2BD 10ХСНД 12GS 15G2SFD 16GS 35GS 14CGS 15ХСНД 20ХГ2Ц 09G2S 10G2S1 14Г2 16G2AF 17G1S 25G2S 10Г2 14X2GMR 15KHF 18CR2N4MA 20Г 20X2H4A 20XGR 20KHN2M (20KHNM) 30Г 30CGS 30CRNI2MA 34CRNI3M 35Х 38CR2N3M 38XA 38CMA 3CR3M3F 40Х 40XFA 45CRN 50Г2 12XH2 15Х 20KHGSA 20XHN3A 25CGSA 30KHGSA 30CRNI2MOVA 33HS 35KHN1M2FA 38CR2NM 40Г 40CR2H2MA 40CRN 45Г 45CRNI2MOVA 50Х 12XH2A 18CGT 20CRNR 20CRNI4FA 25CGT 30Х 30CGSN2A 30KHN3A 34CRNI1M 35Г 36CR2NI2MOVA 38KH2NMF 38CRN 38CRNI3MA 40Г2 40CRNI2MA 45Г2 47GT 50XH 12CR2N4A 12XHN3A 15Г 18CR2N4VA 20Х 20XH 20XNR 30CGT 30ХН3М2ФА 35Г2 35CGSA 38CR2H2MA 38CRNI3MOVA 40HS 45Х 50Г

Description

Steel 45

Steel 45 characteristics: brand of steels and alloys. Below is a systematized information on the purpose, chemical composition, types of supplies, substitutes, temperature of critical points, physical, mechanical, technological and casting properties for the grade — Steel 45.

General steel 45

Substitute brand
steel: 40X, 50, 50G2
Delivery type
Circle 45, sheet 45, long products, including shaped: GOST 1050−74, GOST 2590−71, GOST 2591−71, GOST 2879−69, GOST 8509−86, GOST 8510−86, GOST 8239−72, GOST 8240−72, GOST 10702−78. Calibrated bar GOST 1050−74, GOST 7414−75, GOST 8559−75, GOST 8560−78, GOST 10702−78. Thick sheet GOST 1577−81, GOST 19903−74. Thin sheet GOST 16523−70. Tape GOST 2284−79. Strip GOST 1577−81, GOST 103−76, GOST 82−70. Wire GOST 17305−71, GOST 5663−79. Forgings and forged billets GOST 8479−70, GOST 1131−71. Pipes GOST 8732−78, GOST 8733−87, GOST 8734−75, GOST 8731−87, GOST 21729−78.
Application
Gear shafts, crankshafts and camshafts, gears, spindles, rims, cylinders, cams and other normalized, improved and surface heat treated parts that require increased strength.

The chemical composition of steel 45

Chemical element %
Silicon (Si) 0.17−0.37
Manganese (Mn) 0.50−0.80
Copper (Cu), no more 0.25
Arsenic (As), no more 0.08
Nickel (Ni), no more 0.25
Sulfur (S), no more 0.04
Carbon (C) 0.42−0.50
Phosphorus (P), no more 0.035
Chromium (Cr), no more 0.25

Mechanical properties of 45 steel

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

test t, ° C σ 0.2, MPa σ B, MPa δ 5 ,% δ,% ψ,% KCU, J / m 2
Normalization
200 340 690   ten 36 64
300 255 710   22 44 66
400 225 560   21 65 55
500 175 370   23 67 39
600 78 215   33 90 59
Sample with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 30 mm, forged and normalized. Deformation rate 16 mm / min. Strain rate 0.009 1 / s.
700 140 170 43   96  
800 64 110 58   98  
900 54 76 62   100  
1000 34 50 72   100  
1100 22 34 81   100  
1200 fifteen 27 90   100  

Mechanical properties of rolled products

Heat treatment, delivery condition Section, mm σ B, MPa δ 5 ,% δ 4 ,% ψ,%
Hot rolled steel, forged, calibrated and silver grade 2 after normalization 25 600 sixteen   40
Calibrated steel grade 5 after work-hardening   640 6   thirty
Calibrated and calibrated steel with special finishing after tempering or annealing   <590     40
Normalized and hot rolled sheets 80 590 eighteen    
Normalized or hot rolled strips 6−25 600 sixteen   40
Hot rolled sheet <2 550−690   fourteen  
Hot rolled sheet 2−3.9 550−690   fifteen  
Cold rolled sheet <2 550−690   fifteen  
Cold rolled sheet 2−3.9 550−690   sixteen  

Mechanical properties of forgings

Section, mm σ 0.2, MPa σ B, MPa δ 5 ,% ψ,% HB
Normalization
100−300 245 470 19 42 143−179
300−500 245 470 17 35 143−179
500−800 245 470 fifteen thirty 143−179
<100 275 530 20 44 156−197
100−300 275 530 17 34 156−197
Hardening. Vacation
300−500 275 530 fifteen 29 156−197
Normalization. Hardening. Vacation.
<100 315 570 17 39 167−207
100−300 315 570 fourteen 34 167−207
300−500 315 570 12 29 167−207
<100 345 590 eighteen 59 174−217
100−300 345 590 17 54 174−217
<100 395 620 17 59 187−229

Mechanical properties depending on the tempering temperature

vacation t, ° С σ 0.2, MPa σ B, MPa δ 5 ,% ψ,% KCU, J / m 2 HB
Hardening 850 ° C, water. Samples with a diameter of 15 mm
450 830 980 ten 40 59  
500 730 830 12 45 78  
550 640 780 sixteen 50 98  
600 590 730 25 55 118  
Hardening 840 ° C, water. Workpiece diameter 60 mm
400 520−590 730−840 12−14 46−50 50−70 202−234
500 470−520 680−770 14−16 52−58 60−90 185−210
600 410−440 610−680 18−20 61−64 90−120 168−190

Mechanical properties depending on the section

Section, mm σ 0.2, MPa σ B, MPa δ 5 ,% ψ,% KCU, J / m 2
Hardening 850 ° С, tempering 550 ° С. Samples were cut from the center of the blanks.
fifteen 640 780 sixteen 50 98
thirty 540 730 fifteen 45 78
75 440 690 fourteen 40 59
100 440 690 thirteen 40 49

Technological properties of steel 45

Forging temperature
Beginning 1250, end 700. Sections up to 400 mm are cooled in air.
Weldability
Hard to weld. Welding methods: RDS and KTS. Heating and subsequent heat treatment is required.
Machinability by cutting
In the hot-rolled state at HB 170−179 and σ B = 640 MPa K υ tv.spl. = 1, K υ b.st. = 1.
Tendency to release ability
Not inclined.
Flock sensitivity
Insensitive.

Temperature of critical points of steel 45

Critical point ° C
Ac1 730
Ac3 755
Ar3 690
Ar1 780
Mn 350

Impact strength of steel 45

Impact strength, KCU, J / cm 2

Delivery status, heat treatment +20 -20 -40 -60
Bar with a diameter of 25 mm. Hot rolled condition. 14−15 10−14 5−14 3−8
Bar with a diameter of 25 mm. Annealing 42−47 27−34 27−31 thirteen
Bar with a diameter of 25 mm. Normalization 49−52 37−42 33−37 29
Bar with a diameter of 25 mm. Hardening. Vacation 110−123 72−88 36−95 31−63
Bar with a diameter of 120 mm. Hot rolled condition 42−47 24−26 15−33 12
Bar with a diameter of 120 mm. Annealing 47−52 32 17−33 nine
Bar with a diameter of 120 mm. Normalization 76−80 45−55 49−56 47
Bar with a diameter of 120 mm. Hardening. Vacation 112−164 81 80 70

Endurance limit of steel 45

σ -1, MPa τ -1, MPa σ B, MPa σ 0.2, MPa
245 157 590 310
421   880 680
231   520 270
331   660 480

Hardenability of steel 45

Hardness for strips of hardenability HRCэ (HRB).

Distance from the end, mm / HRC e
1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 nine 12 16.5 24 thirty
50.5−59 41.5−57 29−54 25−42.5 23−36.5 22−33 20−31 (92) -29 (88) -26 (86) -24
Heat treatment Amount of martensite,% Crit. Diam. in water, mm Crit. Diam. in oil, mm
Hardening 50 15−35 6−12

Physical properties of steel 45

Test temperature, ° С 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Normal elastic modulus, E, GPa 200 201 193 190 172          
Torsional shear elastic modulus G, GPa 78     69   59        
Density of steel, pn, kg / m 3 7826 7799 7769 7735 7698 7662 7625 7587 7595  
Thermal conductivity coefficient W / (m ° С)   48 47 44 41 39 36 31 27 26
Test temperature, ° С 20−100 20−200 20−300 20−400 20−500 20−600 20−700 20−800 20−900 20−1000
Linear expansion coefficient (a, 10−6 1 / ° С) 11.9 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.6 14.9 15.2      
Specific heat (C, J / (kg ° C)) 473 498 515 536 583 578 611 720 708  

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