GOST 1953.3-79
GOST 1953.3−79 Bronze tin. Methods for determination of tin (with Amendments No. 1, 2)
GOST 1953.3−79
Group B59
INTERSTATE STANDARD
BRONZE TIN
Methods for determination of tin
Tin bronze.
Methods for the determination of tin
AXTU 1709
Date of introduction 1981−01−01
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of nonferrous metallurgy of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee for standards from
3. The standard fully complies ST SEV 1528−79
4. REPLACE GOST 1953.3−74
5. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
The designation of the reference document, to which this links |
Section number, paragraph, sub-paragraph |
GOST 8.315−97 |
5.4.4 |
GOST 20−85 |
2.2 |
GOST 199−78 |
5.2 |
GOST 613−79 |
Chapeau |
GOST 614−97 |
Chapeau |
GOST 860−75 |
2.2 |
GOST 1089−82 |
2.2 |
GOST 1953.1−79 |
1.1 |
GOST 3117−78 |
5.2 |
GOST 3118−77 |
2.2, 5.2 |
GOST 3760−79 |
2.2 |
GOST 3773−72 |
2.2 |
GOST 3778−98 |
2.2 |
GOST 4147−74 |
2.2 |
GOST 4159−79 |
2.2 |
GOST 4201−79 |
2.2 |
GOST 4204−77 |
2.2 |
GOST 4207−75 |
3.2 |
GOST 4232−74 |
2.2 |
GOST 4233−77 |
5.2 |
GOST 4236−77 |
5.2 |
GOST 4416−94 |
2.2 |
GOST 4461−77 |
2.2, 3.2, 5.2 |
GOST 4518−75 |
5.2 |
GOST 5017−74 |
Chapeau |
GOST 10163−76 |
2.2 |
GOST 10652−73 |
5.2 |
GOST 11069−74 |
2.2 |
GOST 22867−77 |
3.2 |
GOST 25086−87 |
1.1, 2.4.4, 3.4.4, 4.4.4 |
6. Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 5−94 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 11−12−94)
7. EDITION with Amendments No. 1, 2 approved in February 1983, August 1990 (IUS 6−83, 11−90)
This standard establishes titrimetric, gravimetric methods for determination of tin (from 0.5% to 12%) and atomic absorption method for the determination of tin (from 0.25% to 12%) in tin bronze according to GOST 5017, GOST GOST 613 and 614.
The standard fully complies ST SEV 1528−79.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1. General requirements for methods of analysis GOST 25086 with the Supplement according to claim 1.1 GOST 1953.1.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
2. TITRIMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TIN
2.1. The essence of the method
The method is based on titration of divalent tin iodine solution after separating it from the alloy base by coprecipitation with ferric hydroxide (III), dissolving the hydroxide in hydrochloric acid and the recovery of tin (IV) to tin (II) aluminum, lead, phosphonoacetate sodium or calcium.
2.2. Apparatus, reagents and solutions
Feed hopper with hydraulic gate.
Camera Kippa.
Nitric acid according to GOST 4461.
Hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118 and diluted 1:1.
Sulfuric acid according to GOST 4204, and diluted 1:5.
A mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids; prepared as follows: one volume of nitric acid mixed with one volume of hydrochloric acid.
The aqueous ammonia solution according to GOST 3760.
Ammonium chloride according to GOST 3773, solution 20 g/DM, which added 20 cmof ammonia in 1 DMsolution.
Iron chloride according to GOST 4147, solution; is prepared as follows: 12 g of ferric chloride dissolved in 30 cmof concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute with water to 1 DM.
Odnoklasnica mercury (calomel).
Sodium bicarbonate according to GOST 4201, saturated solution.
Marble electrode according to GOST 4416.
Potassium iodide according to GOST 4232 and a solution of 200 g/DM.
The soluble starch according to GOST 10163, a solution of 10 g/DM.
Calcium posterolaterally.
Sodium posterolaterally according to GOST 20.
Aluminium metal according to GOST 11069, brand АВ0 (shavings or a thin plate).
Lead metal according to GOST 3778, grade C3 (plate length 8−10 cm, width 1.5−2.0 cm and weight 25−30 g).
Tin metal according to GOST 860 stamps O1.
Antimony GOST 1089, with a mass fraction of tin is less than 0.01%, and a solution of 20 g/lin sulphuric acid, diluted 1:5.
Iodine crystal according to GOST 4159; 0.05 mol/DMsolution: prepare fiksanala or of 6.36 g of crystalline iodine and 12.5 g of potassium iodide are weighed into a porcelain Cup, stirred with a small amount of water, triturated with the pestle and the mixture was dissolved in water. After dissolution the solution was transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 1 DM, made up to the mark with water and mix thoroughly. Solution store in a dark bottle with a glass stopper.
The installation of the mass concentration of iodine solution.
0.5 g of tin dissolved by heating with 20 cmof concentrated acid, the solution was cooled, transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 500 cmto the mark with sulfuric acid diluted 1:5.
50 cmof this solution was transferred to a conical flask with a capacity of 500 cm, add 20 cmof a solution of ferric chloride, 80 cmof concentrated hydrochloric acid, dilute with water to 250 cm, add 2 g of aluminium, cover flask funnel with stopper, filled with saturated solution of acidic sodium bicarbonate or carbon dioxide is passed from the apparatus Kippa and do as stated in claim
For the recovery of tetravalent tin instead of aluminium you can use lead, posterolaterally sodium or calcium posterolaterally (see PP.2.3.2, 2.3.3).
The mass concentration of iodine solution, expressed in grams of tin in 1 cmof a solution, calculated by the formula
,
0,05 where is the mass of tin contained in 50 cmof a solution of tin, g;
— the volume of iodine solution consumed for titration, sm.
2.1, 2.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
2.3. Analysis
2.3.1. Weighed bronze (see table.1) is placed in a beaker with a capacity of 400 cm, add 20 cmof a mixture of acids, beaker cover watch glass, and dissolve the sample by heating, and then add 20 cmof a solution of ferric chloride, dilute with water to 250 cm, heated to 70−80 °C and ammonia is added until full transfer of copper in a soluble ammonia complex. The solution is kept at 60 °C for 10−15 min to coagulate the precipitate of hydroxides of iron and tin.
Mass fraction of tin, % |
Weight of sample, g |
From 0.5 to 4 |
1,0 |
SV. 4 «7 |
0,5 |
«7» 12 |
0,3 |
The precipitate was filtered off on a medium density filter and the precipitate washed and the glass is 3−5 times with a hot solution of ammonium chloride. The precipitate from the filter washed with hot water into a glass, which was carried out the precipitation of the hydroxides of iron and tin, and dissolved in 20 cmof hot hydrochloric acid, diluted 1:1. The filter was washed 2−3 times with hot water followed by 20 cmof hot hydrochloric acid, diluted 1:1, and several times with hot water.
From the solution again precipitated hydroxide of the metal by ammonia, the precipitate filtered off and washed 6−7 times with a hot solution of ammonium chloride. The washed precipitate is dissolved on the filter in a 60 cmhot hydrochloric acid, diluted 1:1, introducing it in portions of 20 cm. After adding each portion of hydrochloric acid, the filter washed with hot water. The filtrate is collected in the same beaker, add 5 cmof a solution of antimony.
The solution was transferred to a conical flask with a capacity of 500 cm, add 60 cmof concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute with water to 250 cm. To the solution add 2 g of aluminum, the flask is closed with a funnel with a hydraulic stopper, filled with saturated solution of acidic sodium carbonate or sprinted carbon dioxide from the apparatus Kippa. The contents of the flask heated to boiling and boiled until complete dissolution of aluminium. It is necessary to constantly monitor the completeness of filling of the funnel with a solution of bicarbonate of sodium to prevent infiltration of air into the flask. The solution in the flask is cooled first in air, then in running water to room temperature. Cooled the flask is free from a funnel with a stopper. Into the flask add a piece of marble (about 5 g), 10 cmpotassium iodide solution, 5 cm ofstarch solution and titrate with 0.05 mol/DMiodine solution until blue color does not disappear within 1.0 to 1.5
min.
2.3−2.3.1. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
2.3.2. When you restore a tetravalent tin lead to hydrochloric acid solution of tin, located in the conical flask with a capacity of 500 cm, add 30 cmof concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute with water to 250 cm. The flask down lead plate, close the flask in the usual funnel and heated to weak boiling, which is maintained for 60 min. the solution Volume in the flask to maintain a constant. Before the end of restoration closing the flask with a funnel with a stopper, filled with sour uglekislym sodium, and boil for another 10 min.
Then do exactly the same as when you restore aluminium. Titrated without removing from a solution of lead acetate.
The repeated use of lead plates with them each time you mechanically remove the coating of oxides.
2.3.3. When you restore a tetravalent tin phosphonoacetate sodium or calcium to hydrochloric acid solution in the flask add 10 cmof concentrated hydrochloric acid and water to 250 cm. To the solution was added 1.5 g phosphonoacetate sodium or calcium and 0.03 g of calomel. The conical flask close funnel with stopper filled with acidic sodium carbonate, the solution was heated until complete bleaching and 5 min after bleaching.
The solution is cooled to 8−10 °C. Next, act as when you restore aluminium.
2.4. Processing of the results
2.4.1. Mass fraction of tin () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — volume of the iodine solution, expended for titration, cm;
— mass concentration of iodine solution on the tin, g/cm;
— the weight of the portion of the sample,
2.4.2. Discrepancies in the results of parallel definitions should not exceed the values of permissible differences (the rate of convergence for 3) specified in table.2.
Table 2
Mass fraction of lead, % |
, % |
, % |
From 0.25 to 0.50 incl. |
0,03 |
0,04 |
SV. Of 0.50 «to 1.0 « |
0,08 |
0,1 |
«Of 1.0» to 3.0 « |
0,15 |
0,2 |
«To 3.0» and 6.0 « |
0,2 |
0,3 |
«A 6.0» to 12.0 « |
0,3 |
0,4 |
2.4.1,
2.4.3. Discrepancies in the results analysis, obtained in two different laboratories or two of the results of analysis obtained in the same laboratory but under different conditions (a measure of reproducibility) shall not exceed the values specified in table.2.
2.4.4. Control of accuracy of analysis results is carried out according to State standard samples of tin bronzes, re-approved by GOST 8.315, in accordance with GOST 25086.
2.4.5. Titrimetric method is applied in case of disagreement in assessing the quality of tin bronzes.
2.4.3−2.4.5. (Added, Rev. N 2).
3. GRAVIMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TIN
3.1.The essence of the method
The method is based on the allocation metalbands acid from the nitric acid solution and calcining the precipitate to constant weight.
3.2. Reagents and solutions
Nitric acid according to GOST 4461, diluted 1:1 and 1:99.
Ammonium nitrate according to GOST 22867, a solution of 200 g/DM.
Ammonium iodide by ND.
Potassium ferrocyanide according to GOST 4207, a solution of 300 g/DM.
3.3. Analysis
The sample of bronze with a weight of 1 g (with mass fraction of tin to 4%), 0.5 g (with mass fraction of tin from 4% to 7%) and 0.3 g (with mass fraction of tin from 7% to 12%) were placed in a glass with a capacity of 300 cm, add 15 cmof nitric acid, diluted 1:1, cover with a watch glass and dissolved under heating. After dissolution, the watch glass and walls of glass is then rinsed with water and the solution is evaporated to a volume of 5−10 cm. To the residue add 50 cmof hot water, 10 cmof ammonium nitrate solution and allowed to stand in a warm place for 1 hour
Metalbands acid precipitate is filtered off on a tight filter with filtrowanie mass and washed the filter with the precipitate in hot nitric acid, diluted 1:99, to complete removal of copper (test with potassium ferrocyanide).
The filter with precipitate was placed in a weighted porcelain crucible, dried, incinerated and calcined at 700−800 °C to constant weight. Pure tin dioxide after cooling is white. Its blue shade indicates the contamination is most likely antimony or lead, iron or other elements. A correction for the presence of some impurities in the calcined precipitate of tin dioxide is carried out as follows. To the crucible add 1 to 1.5 g of iodide of ammonium is calcined at a temperature of 425−475 °C, cooled, treated the residue with nitric acid, evaporated to dryness, gently ignited, and weighed again.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
3.4. Processing of the results
3.4.1. Mass fraction of tin () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where is the mass of the crucible with the sediment SnOto treatment iodide ammonium, g;
— weight of crucible after treatment of the precipitate of iodide of ammonium, g;
— weight of sample, g;
0,7862 — the conversion factor SnOon the tin.
3.4.2. Discrepancies in the results of parallel definitions should not exceed the values of permissible differences (the rate of convergence for 3) specified in table.2.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
3.4.3. Discrepancies in the results analysis, obtained in two different laboratories or two of the results of analysis obtained in the same laboratory but under different conditions (a measure of reproducibility) shall not exceed the values specified in table.2.
3.4.4. Control of accuracy of analysis results is carried out according to State standard samples of tin bronze in accordance with GOST 25086.
3.4.3,
4. ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TIN
4.1.The essence of the method
The method is based on measuring the absorption of light by atoms of tin, formed during the introduction of the analyzed solution in the flame acetylene-air or acetylene-nitrous oxide.
4.2. Apparatus, reagents and solutions
Atomic absorption spectrometer with a radiation source for tin.
Nitric acid according to GOST 4461.
Hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118 and 2 mol/land 1 mol/DMsolutions.
The mixture of acids to dissolve is prepared as follows: the amount of nitric acid mixed with three volumes of hydrochloric acid.
Tin GOST 860 with a mass fraction of tin is not less than 99.9%.
Standard solutions of tin.
Solution A, prepared as follows: 0.5 g of tin are dissolved in a water bath 10 cmof the mixture of acids, the solution was cooled, transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 cmand then filled to the mark with 2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid solution.
1 cmof the solution contains 0.005 g of tin.
Solution B is prepared as follows: 10 cmof the solution And transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 cmand then filled to the mark with 2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid solution.
1 cmof a solution contains 0.0005 g ol
ova.
4.3. Analysis
4.3.1. The sample of bronze with a weight of 1 g when the mass fraction of tin from 0.25% to 2% or 0.5 g when the mass fraction of tin from 2% to 12% is placed in a beaker with a capacity of 250 cmand dissolved by heating in 10 cmof the mixture of acids to dissolve. The solution was cooled, transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 cm, rinse walls of beaker 1 mol/DMsolution of hydrochloric acid and topped up to the mark with the same acid.
Measure the atomic absorption of tin in the flame of acetylene-air or acetylene-nitrous oxide at a wavelength of 286,3 nm 224,6 or parallel to the calibration solutions.
4.3.2. Building a graded graphics
Ten of the eleven volumetric flasks with a capacity of 100 cmplaced at 4.0, 10 cmof standard solution B and 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 6,0; 8,0; 10,0; 12,0 and 14.0 cmstandard solution And tin. All the bottles topped up to the mark with 2 mol/DMhydrochloric acid solution.
Measure the atomic absorption of tin, as stated in claim
According to the obtained results build a calibration curve.
4.4. Processing of the results
4.4.1. Mass fraction of tin () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where is the concentration of tin was found in the calibration schedule, g/cm;
— the volume of the sample solution, cm;
— the weight of the portion,
4.1−4.4.1. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
4.4.2. Discrepancies in the results of parallel definitions should not exceed the values of permissible differences (the rate of convergence for 3) specified in table.2.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
4.4.3. Discrepancies in the results analysis, obtained in two different laboratories or two of the results of analysis obtained in the same laboratory but under different conditions (a measure of reproducibility) shall not exceed the values specified in table.2.
4.4.4. Control of accuracy of analysis results is carried out according to State standard samples of tin bronze or a comparison of the results obtained by titrimetric methods, in accordance with GOST 25086.
4.4.3,
5. TITRIMETRIC CHELATOMETRIC METHOD (WITH MASS FRACTION of TIN from 2% to 12%)
5.1.The essence of the method
The method is based on the binding contained in the tin bronze, lead, zinc, Nickel complexes with Trilon B, the titration of excess Trilon B solution of nitrate of lead, the decomposition of complexonate tin ammonium fluoride and subsequent determination of tin by titration Trilon B released in the amount equivalent to the content of tin, solution of nitrate of lead. As indicator is used — selenology orange. The effect of copper is removed by sodium thiosulfate.
5.2. Reagents and solutions
Nitric acid according to GOST 4461 and diluted 1:1.
Hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118 and diluted 1:1.
The mixture of acids to dissolve, freshly prepared: mix three volumes of nitric acid (1:1) with 5 volumes of hydrochloric acid (1:1).
Ammonium acetate according to GOST 3117, a solution of 200 g/DM.
Sodium acetate according to GOST 199, a solution of 500 g/600 DMwater.
Methenamine (hexamethylenetetramine), a solution of 200 g/DM.
Acetate urotropine solution — a mixture of solutions of ammonium acetate and hexamine at a ratio of 1.5:2.
Ammonium fluoride according to GOST 4518, solution 200 g/DM.
Chernovetskiy sodium (thiosulfate), a solution of 300 g/DM.
Sodium chloride according to GOST 4233.
Selenology orange solution (freshly prepared) 2 g/DM, or a mixture with sodium chloride (well pounded) in a ratio of 1:100.
Salt is the disodium Ethylenediamine — N, N, N', N'-tetraoxane acid, 2-water (Trilon B) according to GOST 10652, solution 0,025 mol/DM, prepare fiksanala or 9,305 g of salt is dissolved in 300 cmof warm water, transferred to a measuring flask with volume capacity of 1000 cmand topped to the mark with water.
Lead nitrate according to GOST 4236, solution 0,025 mol/DM, 8,2805 g of lead nitrate dissolved in 200 cmof water, add 30 cmof concentrated nitric acid, made up to the mark with water and mix thoroughly.
Mass concentration of solution of nitrate of lead set according to the standard model of bronze, similar in composition and mass fraction of tin bronze to the analyze, conducted through the entire course of the analysis, as specified in clause 5.3.
Mass concentration of lead nitrate (), expressed in grams of tin, calculated by the formula
,
where — weight of standard sample, g;
— mass fraction of tin in the standard sample, %;
— the volume of solution of nitrate of lead consumed in the second titration, sm.
5.3. Analysis
The sample of bronze with a mass of 0.20−0.25 g was placed in a conical flask with a capacity of 250 cm, add 8 cmof a mixture of acid, cover the flask with a watch glass (funnel) and dissolved by heating, not allowing to boil. After dissolution of bronze glass rinse with water, add 20−25 cmof the solution Trilon B 50−60 cmof water and heat the solution until boiling. The cooled solution was added 8−9 cmof a solution of sodium acetate (the color of the solution should remain light blue), 15 cmof sodium thiosulfate (solution should become colorless). If the solution is colored (blue color), add with stirring strictly dropwise hydrochloric acid (1:1) until complete discoloration of the solution. Then add 35−40 cmof acetate-protrombinovogo solution, 0.3 g (tip of spatula) mix kylinalove orange with sodium chloride and slowly especially towards the end of the titrated solution of nitrate of lead to the transition of light yellow coloration in a stable orange-red. Immediately add 18 cmof ammonium fluoride solution, mixed well and after 30 again slowly especially towards the end titrated solution of nitrate of lead to the transition of light yellow coloration in a stable orange-red. The colour should be stable for one minute
s.
5.4. Processing of the results
5.4.1. Mass fraction of tin () in percent is calculated by the formula
,
where — volume of the solution of lead nitrate consumed in the second titration, cm;
— mass concentration of solution of nitrate of lead, expressed in grams of tin in g/cm;
the weight of bronze,
5.4.2. Discrepancies in the results of parallel definitions should not exceed the values of permissible differences (the rate of convergence for 3) specified in table.2.
5.4.3. Discrepancies in the results analysis, obtained in two different laboratories or two of the results of analysis obtained in the same laboratory but under different conditions (a measure of reproducibility) shall not exceed the values specified in table.2.
5.4.4. Control of accuracy of analysis results is carried out according to State standard samples of tin bronzes, the newly authorized by GOST 8.315, in accordance with GOST 25086.
Sec. 5. (Added, Rev. N 2).