GOST 193-2015

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  ГОСТ 193-2015

GOST 193−2015 copper Ingots. Specifications

GOST 193−2015

INTERSTATE STANDARD

COPPER INGOTS

Specifications

Copper ingots. Specifications

ISS 77.120.30

Date of introduction 2016−08−01

Preface

Goals, basic principles and main procedure of works on interstate standardization have been established in GOST 1.0−92 «interstate standardization system. Basic provisions» and GOST 1.2−2009 «interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations on interstate standardization. Rules of development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"

Data on standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 368 «Copper"

2 as AMENDED by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol dated may 29, 2015 N 77-P)

The adoption voted:

4 by Order of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology from September 8, 2015 N 1285-St inter-state standard GOST 193−2015 introduced as a national standard of the Russian Federation from August 1, 2016.

5 this standard corresponds to international standard ISO 431:1981* Copper refinery shapes (Profiles of refined copper)
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* Access to international and foreign documents referred to here and hereinafter, can be obtained by clicking on the link to the site shop.cntd.ru. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


The degree of compliance — non-equivalent (NEQ)

6 REPLACE GOST 193−79 (ISO 431−81)


Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual reference index «National standards», and the text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet

1 Scope

This standard covers ingots, remelted electrolytic copper used for the manufacture of wire rods, tires and other products primarily for electrical purposes.

Terms and definitions of defects of copper ingots is given in Appendix A.

The estimated table mass of copper ingots is given in Appendix B.

2 Normative references

This standard uses the regulatory references to the following international standards:

GOST 8.010−90* State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The techniques of measurements. The main provisions of the
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* In the Russian Federation GOST R 8.563−2009 «State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Techniques (methods) of measurements».


GOST 546−2001 copper Cathodes. Specifications

GOST 1579−93 (ISO 7801−84) Wire. Test method for bend

GOST 6709−72 distilled Water. Specifications

GOST 859−2014 Copper. Brand

GOST 2603−79 Reagents. Acetone. Specifications

GOST 4204−77 Reagents. Sulphuric acid. Specifications

GOST 7229−76 Cables, wires and cords. Method of determination of electrical resistance of conductors and conductors

GOST 9717.2−82 Copper. Method of spectral analysis on a metal standard samples with photographic registration of spectrum

GOST 9717.3−82 Copper. Method of spectral analysis of oxide standard specimens

GOST 13938.13−93 Copper. Methods for determination of oxygen

GOST 14192−96 Marking of cargo

GOST 18300−87 in rectified ethyl Alcohol technical. Specifications
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* In the Russian Federation GOST R 55878−2013 «ethanol technical rectified hydrolysis. Technical conditions».


GOST 19200−80 Casting of iron and steel. Terms and definitions of defects

GOST 24048−80 (ISO 2626−73) Copper. Methods for determining the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement

GOST 24231−80 non-ferrous metals and alloys. General requirements to selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis

GOST 25086−2011 non-ferrous metals and their alloys. General requirements for methods of analysis

GOST 31382−2009 Copper. Methods of analysis

Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet or in the annual information index «National standards» published as on January 1 of the current year, and the editions of the monthly information index «National standards» for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), when using this standard should be guided by replacing (amended) standard. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, then the situation in which the given link applies to the extent that does not affect this link.

3 Classification

3.1 depending on the method of casting, processing and forms of copper bullion should be produced in the following types:

— SV — vertical continuous casting;

— SN — horizontal casting with unremoved layer upper surface;

— SS — horizontal casting with a remote layer of the upper surface.

3.2 the symbol of the ingot should include the view brand of copper and nominal dimensions: ingots vertical continuous casting is , for the horizontal casting of ingots — a designation of the standard.

Examples

SV M0b 90x90−1400 GOST 193−2015;

SN M1 111х102−1372 GOST 193−2015.

4 Assortment

4.1 the Shape, dimensions and limit deviations of ingots shall conform to the requirements specified in figures 1 and 2 and in tables 1 and 2.

By agreement with the consumer it is allowed manufacture of ingots of other shapes and sizes.

Figure 1

Table 1

In millimeters

Figure 2

Table 2

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Copper ingots produced from copper cathodes GOST 546, in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

5.2 electrical resistivity of copper ingots should conform to the standards specified in table 3.

5.3 Bars must be straight. The curvature along the entire length of the ingot in any plane should not exceed 0.8% of the length for horizontal casting of ingots and 0.7% for vertical casting of ingots.

For vertical casting of ingots, on demand of the consumer, the curvature along the entire length of the ingot in any plane should not exceed 0.5% of its length.


Table 3

5.4 the Upper surface of the ingots of the form SN should not have blisters, outages, cavities, cracks, and foreign inclusions.

The upper surface of the ingots of the kind of MOP and the surface of the ends of the bars form SV must be flat, without gradation, burrs, snags and sharp edges. The upper edge of the bars of the SS shall be rounded with a radius not less than 5 mm or be removed by milling.

On the lower and side surfaces of the horizontal bars of the casting and on the surface of ingots vertical casting should be no holes, cracks, foreign inclusions, visible without the use of magnifying tools and flows, stratification and spatter.

For bars of all kinds is allowed in bare areas to a depth of not more than 5 mm and bulges not exceeding 3 mm with smooth edges. For ingots of the form SV allowed the ring intersecting to a depth of not more than 1 mm.

5.5 Bars in their cross-section should not have cleavage, cracks, foreign inclusions, cavities. Bullion porosity is allowed provided that the average density of the vertical casting of ingots of oxygen-free copper should be not less than 8.9 g/cm, and the rest of the ingots not less than 8.4 g/cm.

5.6 At the request of the consumer bullion form SV must be able to withstand the test of absence of hydrogen embrittlement, while the samples of copper grade M00b must withstand a ten-fold excess, and copper stamps M0b — a single fold through 180° to contact opposite sides of the sample. On the outer surface of the bend should be no cracks visible to the naked eye.

5.7 Sample ingot of copper grade M00b must be able to withstand the test of adhesion with the oxide film.

5.8 Packaging

5.8.1 Bars are formed in the packages. In forming the package of two bars on opposite sides of the package with indelible paint batch number and grade of copper. By agreement with consumer it is permitted not to apply the batch number and grade of copper.

5.8.2 Design package and tools package is installed in accordance with the regulations.

5.8.3 overall dimensions of the package are the dimensions of the ingots, design and weight of the package.

The mass of the package shall not exceed:

1500 kg, for packages intended for transportation by covered means of transport;

5000 kg, for packages intended for transport by open transport;

1500 kg, for packages intended for long term storage.

5.9 Marking

5.9.1 matrix On the face or side of each ingot shall bear stamp containing the trademark of the manufacturer.

5.9.2 For long-term storage on one of the upper bars of each package with indelible paint marking containing:

is the trademark or symbol of the manufacturer and its trademark;

— the batch number;

— the number of the package;

— brand copper;

— the net weight of the package.

5.9.3 Transport marking under GOST 14192.

Transport markings should be applied to plywood or metal labels. The package must be marked with the manipulation sign «sling here» according to GOST 14192.

When shipping packages ingots carload shipments, the transport label must be applied not less than four packages. Transport is allowed on the marking to indicate the weight of the package.

During the transportation of products intended for long-term storage, transport marking applied to each packet.

6 acceptance Rules

6.1 the Ingots take parties. The party shall consist of ingots of one bottoms, of the same type and size, one brand of copper and decorated by one document on quality. The document about quality should contain:

— trademark and name of the manufacturer or his trademark;

— name, symbol and number of bars;

— number of melt;

mass and batch number;

the results of determination of chemical composition and electrical resistivity;

— date of manufacture;

— the designation of this standard.

Note — When continuous methods of melting and casting ingots melting ingots is considered to be the totality of one kind, cast in a furnace (mixer) for one work shift.


The mass of the party must be at least 20 T.

By agreement with the consumer allowed the weight of the batch is less than 20 tonnes and consisting of several heats.

6.2 quality Control of the surface subjected to every ingot.

6.3 in order To control the shape, size and straightness of the party selected 1% of the ingots.

6.4 For the control of chemical composition, internal defects, density and specific electric resistance from the party collected 0.1% bars, but not less than two ingots.

The manufacturer controls the mass fraction of copper, oxygen and the specific resistivity in each batch; mass fraction of impurities in the ingots of types SS, SN from copper grade M1 in each instalment.

By agreement between manufacturer and consumer in ingots from oxygen-free copper view ST is allowed to determine the oxygen in each instalment.

At the factory the control of the density and internal defects is carried out on every hundredth melting.

6.5 If unsatisfactory test results of at least one indicator thereon, a second test of the doubled sample taken from the same batch. The results of repeated tests apply to the entire party.

7 test Methods

7.1 Sampling and sample preparation

7.1.1 For the determination of chemical composition sampling and sample preparation is carried out according to GOST 24231.

Allowed the selection and preparation of samples for spectral analysis with a method of cutting blanks from the investigated template and its plastic deformation. The diameter of the probe is at least 8 mm.

7.1.2 To determine the mass fraction of oxygen in the average length of the ingot types SN, SS or at either end of the ingot kind of SV at a distance of not less than 20 mm from the surface of the cut sample in the following sizes:

— metallographic method 10х20х20 mm;

for methods of extraction in vacuum or in a stream of neutral gas: the analysis of ingots of copper grades M00b and M0b — diameter 7 to 8 mm, a length of at least 70 mm;

— in the analysis of ingots from the copper of grades M0, M1 diameter, 4 to 5 mm, a length of at least 40 mm.

The enterprises-consumers is allowed to determine the mass fraction of oxygen in the ingots of types SN and SS metallographic method, after rolling the ingot in the Central part of thin section of sample rod selected no closer than 2 m from the end of the rebellion.

The mass percent of oxygen determine — according to GOST 13938.13.

If there is disagreement in the determination of the mass fraction of oxygen is used the method of reductive melting of the sample, selected from the ingot.

7.2 the Inspection of the surface of the ingots is carried out without the use of magnifying devices.

7.3 dimensional control and straightness of ingots is carried out using a measuring instrument that provides measurement accuracy up to 1 mm.

Allowed the use of templates.

7.4 the Test bars in the absence of internal defects is carried out on the transverse templeto cut from the middle part along the length of the bars of types SN, SS or any of the end bars of the form SV.

The test is carried out without the use of magnifying devices.

7.5 Analysis of chemical composition is carried out according to GOST 9717.2, GOST 9717.3, 25086 GOST, GOST 31382.

At the factory allowed the use of other measurement procedures, certified in the prescribed manner in accordance with GOST 8.010 and provide metrological characteristics are not worse than specified in the 9717.2 GOST, GOST 9717.3, GOST 31382.

7.6 the density of the ingot , g/cm, determined by weighing in air and distilled water according to GOST 6709 cross the investigated template with a thickness of 10 mm cut from the Central part of the ingot, and is calculated by the formula

, (1)

where is the mass of the investigated template, suspended in air, g;

is the mass of the investigated template, suspended in distilled water, g;

is the density of distilled water at 20 °C, g/cm.

Allow the definition of medium density hydrostatic weighing as much as ingots.

7.7 For the determination of electrical resistivity of the ingot from the investigated template selected according to 7.6, and cut a sample section of at least 10x10 mm.

Allowed sampling of the angle between the side and bottom surfaces of ingots of types SN, SS, or from the angle between any faces of the type bars of the SV. Sample size — 10х10х90 mm. From the sample prepared wire with a diameter of 2 mm. the Wire is subjected to annealing at a temperature of from 500 °C to 550 °C for 1 h.

Measurement of specific resistance conducted on a piece of annealed wire length of (1000±1) mm by the double bridge according to GOST 7229. The measurement is carried out at a temperature of (20±0,5)°C.

The cross-sectional area of test specimen , mm (2), is calculated by the formula

, (2)

where is the mass of sample, g;

 — length of specimen, mm;

Of 8.89 is the density of copper at 20 °C, g/cm.

Allowed the measurement of electrical resistivity (conductivity) eddy current method or other methods using techniques, certified in the prescribed manner in accordance with GOST 8.010 and provide metrological characteristics are not worse than specified in GOST 7229.

7.8 At the request of the consumer of bullion vertical continuous casting of oxygen-free copper test annealing in a medium of hydrogen in the absence of hydrogen embrittlement according to GOST 24048 in terms of training and testing.

7.9 At the request of the consumer test bars M00b on the adhesion strength of the oxide film carried out on the untreated wire of 2 mm diameter.

With the sample surface and remove the grease, then the sample is etched in sulfuric acid according to GOST 4204, diluted 1:10, you get a shiny clean surface, washed with cold water, rinsed with distilled water according to GOST 6709, and dried by rubbing alcohol according to GOST 18300или acetone according to GOST 2603.

The prepared sample is heated to a temperature of 850°C-870°C in air for 30 min, while the cleaned sample surface do not touch with your hands. After heating the sample is immediately dipped in cold water and cooled to room temperature.

The sample is considered to pass the test, if the black oxide film is not destroyed, adheres to the copper, and has an even tone.

7.10 Test bend is carried out according to GOST 1579. Samples for testing-section 10 x 10 mm taken from the investigated template selected under 7.6.

8 Transportation and storage

8.1 Copper ingots transported by railway, water and automobile transport in accordance with the rules of cargo transportation applicable to transportation of each type.

8.2 Copper ingots stored in covered warehouses or open areas.

9 manufacturer’s Warranty

The manufacturer guarantees the conformity of copper ingots to the requirements of this standard if the conditions of transportation and storage.

Annex a (informative). Terms and definitions of defects of copper ingots

Appendix A
(reference)

A. 1 a swelling: the Bulge of arbitrary shape in erysipelas (upper) surface of the ingot with voids and sinks below the upper crust.

A. 2 straps: GOST 19200.

A. 3 shell: Defect on the surface or in the body of the ingot in the form of a cavity formed by the separated metal or embedded in metal gases, larger than 3 mm in diameter.

A. 4 a crack: a Defect in the form of a tear or strain of the body of the ingot due to constrained shrinkage of the metal.

A. 5 the influx Defect in the form of protrusion of arbitrary shape with smooth edges, formed by local damaging of the mold and flowing the molten metal on the frozen surface.

A. 6 stratification: a Defect in the form of distinct layers of metal, formed as a result of interruption or uneven filling of the mold with hot metal.

A. 7 bead metal: According to GOST 19200.

A. 8 aliasing: a Defect in the form of protrusions formed by cutting bars not exceeding 2 mm.

A. 9 Burr: Defects on the edges of the ingots in the form of sharp protrusions of irregular shape with a height (length) of not more than 1 mm.

A. 10 porosity: a Defect in the form of small pores (point), recesses or through holes with a diameter of less than 3 mm, the resulting gases from the metal during its solidification.

A. 11 :it's a Point recess or a through hole with a diameter not exceeding 3 mm.

Annex B (reference). Reference table calculated mass of copper ingots

Appendix B
(reference)

Table B. 1

Bibliography

[1] ISO 431:1981 Copper refinery shapes (Profiles of refined copper)