GOST 193-79

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  ГОСТ 193-79

GOST 193−79 (ISO 431−81) copper Ingots. Specifications (with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3)

GOST 193−79
(ISO 431−81)

Group W51

INTERSTATE STANDARD

COPPER INGOTS

Specifications

Copper ingots. Technical requirements

GST 3410 17

Date of introduction 1980−01−01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of nonferrous metallurgy of the USSR

DEVELOPERS

A. Babacan, doctor. tech. Sciences; E. N. Gazalov; V. A. Kozlov, Cand. tech. Sciences; D. M. Fomin, A. A. Novoselov, V. P. Moiseev, E. A. Savicheva

2. APPROVED AND promulgated by the Decree of the State Committee of standards of Ministerial Council of the USSR from 17.10.79 N 3955

Change No. 3 adopted by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol No. 12, 21.11.97)

Was the Technical Secretariat of MGS N 2670

The adoption of the changes voted:

3. INSTEAD 193−67 GOST, GOST 5.657−70, GOST 5.1073−71

4. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

5. Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 4−93 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 4−94)

6. EDITION (March 2000) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, approved in August 1984, March 1988, March 1998 (IUS 12−84, 6−88, 6−98)


This standard covers ingots, remelted electrolytic copper used for the manufacture of wire rods, tires and other products primarily for electrical purposes.

This standard fully complies with ISO 431−81.

The estimated table mass of copper ingots is given in Appendix 2.

OKP codes are given in Annex 3.

Terms and definitions of defects of copper ingots is given in Appendix 4.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

1. CLASSIFICATION

1.1. Depending on the method of casting, processing and forms of copper bullion should be produced in the following types:

SV — vertical continuous casting;

CH — horizontal casting with unremoved layer upper surface;

SS — horizontal casting with a remote layer of the upper surface.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

1.2. The symbol of the ingot should include the kind and nominal sizes: ingots for vertical continuous casting , horizontal casting of ingots and stamp copper.

SV — M0b 90 90−1400 GOST 193−79

SN — M1 111 102−1372 GOST 193−79

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

2. ASSORTMENT

2.1. Shape, dimensions and limit deviations of ingots shall conform to the requirements specified on the devil.1−2 and in table.1, 2, 4.

By agreement with the consumer it is allowed manufacture of ingots of different shapes and sizes.

Damn.1. Bars vertical continuous casting of a kind of SV

Bars vertical continuous casting of a kind of SV

Damn.1

Table 1

mm

Note. It is possible to manufacture bars with pointed ends. The angle of the cut or the shape of the taper is determined by agreement between manufacturer and consumer. By agreement with the consumer allowed to install other extreme deviation from the specified dimensions.

Damn.2. Copper ingots horizontal casting of types SN and SS

Copper ingots horizontal casting of types SN and SS

Damn.2

Table 2

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3).

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1. Copper ingots should be manufactured from copper cathodes GOST 546* in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
________________
* Standards 546−2001. — Note the CODE.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

3.2. Electrical resistivity of copper ingots should conform to the standards specified in table.4.

Table 4*

_______________

* Table 3. (Deleted, Rev. N 3).

_______________
* Valid GOST 859−2001 (here and below). — Note the CODE.

Notes:

1. The content of impurities in copper grades: M00b (Cu-OFE), M1B (Cu-OF), M1 (Cu-ETR) under GOST 859, is a reference and may be adjusted by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.

2. The increased resistivity is required only if the supply of products for the electrical industry.


(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 3).

3.3. Bars must be straight. The curvature along the entire length of the ingot in any plane should not exceed 0.8% of the length for horizontal casting of ingots and 0.7% for vertical casting of ingots.

For vertical casting of ingots at the request of the consumer, the curvature along the entire length of the ingot in any plane should not exceed 0.5% of its length.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

3.4. The upper surface of the ingots of the form SN should not have blisters, outages, cavities, cracks, and foreign inclusions.

The upper surface of the ingots of the kind of MOP and the surface of the ends of the bars form SV must be flat, without gradation, burrs, snags and sharp edges. The upper edge of the bars of the SS shall be rounded with a radius not less than 5 mm or be removed by milling.

On the lower and side surfaces of the horizontal bars of the casting and on the surface of ingots vertical casting should be no holes, cracks, foreign inclusions, visible without the use of magnifying tools and flows, stratification and spatter.

Allowed for ingots of all kinds the presence of bare areas to a depth of not more than 5 mm and bumps with size not more than 3 mm with smooth edges. For ingots of the form SV allowed the ring intersecting to a depth of not more than 1 mm.

For ingots of the form SV at the request of the consumer, the value of permissible concavity with sloping edges should not exceed 1 mm.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

3.5. Bars in its cross-section should not have cleavage, cracks, foreign inclusions, cavities. Bullion is allowed porosity, provided that the average density of the vertical casting of ingots of oxygen-free copper should be not less than 8.9 g/cm, and the rest of the ingots not less than 8.4 g/cm.

3.6. At customer’s request bars of the form SV must be able to withstand the test of absence of hydrogen embrittlement, while the samples of copper grade M00b must withstand a ten-fold excess, and copper stamps M0b — a single fold through 180° to contact opposite sides of the sample. On the outer surface of the bend should be no cracks visible to the naked eye.

3.7. The sample ingot of the copper grade M00b must be able to withstand the test of adhesion with the oxide film.

3.6, 3.7. (Added, Rev. N 3).

4. ACCEPTANCE RULES

4.1. Bars take parties. The party shall consist of ingots of one bottoms, of the same type and size, one brand of copper and decorated by one document on quality.

The document about quality should contain:

— trademark and name of the manufacturer or his trademark;

— name, symbol and number of bars;

— number of melt;

mass and batch number;

the results of determination of chemical composition and electrical resistivity;

— date of manufacture;

— the designation of this standard.

Note. In the continuous methods of melting and casting ingots melting ingots is considered to be the totality of one kind, cast in a furnace (mixer) for one work shift.


The mass of the party must be at least 20 T.

By agreement with the consumer allowed the weight of the batch is less than 20 tonnes and consisting of several heats.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

4.2. Quality control of the surface subjected to every ingot.

4.3. To control the shape, size and straightness of the party selected 1% of the ingots.

4.4. To control the chemical composition, internal defects, density and specific electric resistance from the party collected 0.1% bars, but not less than two ingots.

The manufacturer controls the mass fraction of copper, oxygen and the specific resistivity in each batch; mass fraction of impurities in the ingots of types SS, SN from copper grade M1 in each instalment.

By agreement between manufacturer and consumer in ingots from oxygen-free copper view ST is allowed to determine the oxygen in each instalment.

At the factory the control of the density and internal defects is carried out on every hundredth melting.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 3).

4.5. If unsatisfactory test results of at least one indicator thereon, a second test of the doubled sample taken from the same batch. The results of repeated tests apply to the entire party.

5. TEST METHODS

5.1. Sampling and sample preparation

5.1.1. For the determination of chemical composition sampling and sample preparation is carried out according to GOST 24231.

Allowed the selection and preparation of samples for spectral analysis with a method of cutting blanks from the investigated template and its plastic deformation up to a diameter of 9 mm.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

5.1.2. To determine the oxygen content in the average length of the ingot types SN, SS or at either end of the plate SV view at a distance of not less than 20 mm from the surface of the cut specimen of the following size:

— metallographic method 10х20х20 mm;

for methods of extraction in vacuum or in a stream of neutral gas: the analysis of ingots of copper grades M00b and M0b — diameter 7.8 mm, length at least 70 mm;

— in the analysis of ingots from the copper of grades M0, M1 with a diameter of 4−5 mm, a length of at least 40 mm.

The enterprises-consumers is allowed to determine the mass fraction of oxygen in the ingots of types SN and SS metallographic method, after rolling the ingot in the Central part of thin section of sample rod selected no closer than 2 m from the end of the rebellion.

Mass fraction of oxygen is determined according to GOST 13938.13.

If there is disagreement in the determination of the mass fraction of oxygen is used the method of reductive melting of the sample, selected from the ingot.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3).

5.2. The inspection of the surface of the ingots is carried out without the use of magnifying devices.

5.3. Dimensional control and straightness of ingots is carried out using a measuring instrument that provides measurement accuracy up to 1 mm.

Allowed the use of templates.

5.4. The test bars on the absence of internal defects is carried out on the transverse templeto cut from the middle part along the length of the bars of types SN, SS or any of the end bars of the form SV.

Inspection shall be conducted without the use of magnifying devices.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

5.5. Chemical composition analysis is carried out according to GOST 9717.1 — GOST 9717.3 or 13938.1 GOST — GOST 13938.12, 13938.15 GOST, GOST 25086.

On the manufacturer is allowed to analyze by other methods, if they provide the accuracy of the definition established by the relevant state standards.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

5.6. The density of the ingot is determined by weighing in air and in distilled water investigated template transverse thickness of 10 mm cut from the Central part of the ingot, and is calculated by the formula

,

where is the mass of the investigated template, suspended in air, g;

is the mass of the investigated template, suspended in distilled water, g;

is the density of distilled water at 20 °C, g/cm.

Allow the definition of medium density hydrostatic weighing as much as ingots.

5.7. For determination of electrical resistivity of the ingot from the investigated template, selected according to claim 5.6, is cut sample with a diameter of at least 10x10 mm.

Allowed selection of samples and the angle between the side and bottom surfaces of ingots of types SN, SS, or from the angle between any faces of the type bars of the SV. Sample size 10х10х90 mm. From the sample prepared wire 2 mm in diameter. Wire is subjected to annealing at a temperature of 500−550 °C for 1 h.

Measurement of specific resistance conducted on a piece of annealed wire length of (1000±1) mm by the double bridge according to GOST 7229. The results of the measurements lead to 20 °C within ±0.5 °C.

The cross-sectional area of the test specimen , mm, is calculated by the formula

,

where is the mass of sample, g;

 — length of specimen, mm;

Of 8.89 is the density of copper at 20 °C, g/cm.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).

5.8. At customer’s request bars vertical continuous casting of oxygen-free copper test annealing in a medium of hydrogen in the absence of hydrogen embrittlement according to GOST 24048 in terms of training and testing.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

5.9. At the request of the consumer test bars M00b on the adhesion strength of the oxide film carried out on the untreated wire of 2 mm diameter.

With the sample surface and remove the grease, then the sample is etched in 10% strength sulfuric acid, you get a shiny clean surface, washed with cold water, rinsed with distilled water and dried by wiping with alcohol or acetone.

The prepared sample is heated to a temperature of 850−870 °C in air for 30 min, while the cleaned sample surface do not touch with your hands. After heating the sample is immediately dipped in cold water and cooled to room temperature.

The sample is considered to pass the test, if the black oxide film is not destroyed, adheres to the copper, and has an even tone.

(Added, Rev. N 3).

6. PACKING, MARKING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

6.1. (Deleted, Rev. N 1).

6.2. On the end of the matrix or side of each ingot shall bear stamp containing the trademark of the manufacturer.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

6.3. The ingots are formed into packages. In forming the package of two bars on opposite sides of the package with indelible paint batch number and grade of copper. By agreement with consumer it is permitted not to apply the batch number and grade of copper.

For long-term storage on one of the upper bars of each package with indelible paint marking containing:

is the trademark or symbol of the manufacturer and its trademark;

— the batch number;

— the number of the package;

— brand copper;

— the net weight of the package.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

6.4. The design of the package and means for packaging is determined by the normative-technical documentation.

6.5. Overall dimensions of the package are the dimensions of the ingots, design and weight of the package.

The mass of the package shall not exceed:

— for packages intended for transportation by covered means of transport, — 1500 kg;

— for packages intended for transport by open transport, — 5000 kg;

— for packages intended for long-term storage of up to 1,500 kg.

6.4, 6.5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

6.6. (Deleted, Rev. N 2).

6.7. Transport marking under GOST 14192. Transport marking shall be applied to plywood or metal labels. The package must be marked with the manipulation sign «sling here» according to GOST 14192.

When shipping packages ingots carload shipments transport the marking shall be not less than four packages. Transport is allowed on the marking to indicate the weight of the package.

During the transportation of products intended for long-term storage, transport the marking shall be on each package.

6.8. On the top bar of the package for ingots, which awarded the state quality Mark, shall bear the image of the state seal.

6.7, 6.8. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

6.9. Copper ingots are transported by railway, water and automobile transport in accordance with the rules of cargo transportation applicable to transportation of each type.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

6.10. Copper ingots stored in covered warehouses or open areas.

ANNEX 2 (informative). REFERENCE TABLE CALCULATED MASS OF COPPER INGOTS

ANNEX 2*
Reference

_______________

* ANNEX 1. (Deleted, Rev. N 1).

Notes:

1. Deviation from the nominal weight of ingots approximately ±5%.

2. To calculate the accepted density of copper: ingots of form SV — of 8.90 g/cm, ingots of types of CH, CC — 8.4 g/cm.


APPENDIX 2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

ANNEX 3 (informative)

APPENDIX 3
Reference

APPENDIX 3. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3).

ANNEX 4 (informative)

ANNEX 4
Reference

ANNEX 4. (Added, Rev. N 2).