GOST 20580.6-80
GOST 20580.6−80 (ST SEV 911−78) Lead. Method for the determination of tin (with Amendments No. 1, 2)
GOST 20580.6−80*
(ST CMEA 911−78)
Group B59
STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR
LEAD
Methods for determination of tin
Lead. Methods for the determination of tin
AXTU 1709**
________________
** Changed revision, Rev. N 2.
Date of introduction 1980−12−01
Resolution of the USSR State Committee for standards, dated April 29, 1980, N 1976 the period of validity set with 01.12.80
Proven in 1983 by the Decree of Gosstandart from
________________
** Expiration removed by Protocol No. 7−95 Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (I & C N 11, 1995). — Note the manufacturer’s database.
REPLACE GOST 20580.6−75
* REPRINT December 1984, Change No. 1, approved in December 1983 (ICS 4−84)
The Change N 2, approved and put in force by the decision of Gosstandart of the USSR from
Change No. 2 made by the manufacturer of the database in the text IUS N 11, 1990
This standard specifies the photometric and polarographic methods for determination of tin from of 0.0002 to 0.2% in lead (99,992−99,5%).
The standard fully complies ST SEV 911−78.
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1. General requirements for methods of analysis and security requirements — according to GOST 20580.0−80.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
1.2. (Deleted, Rev. N 2).
2. PHOTOMETRIC METHOD
The method is based on extraction with chloroform from nitrate medium complex compounds formed by tetravalent tin with coppernob, removal of chloroform by evaporation and fotomaterialy orange-red phenylfluorone complex at a wavelength of 510 nm.
2.1. Apparatus, reagents and solutions
Spectrophotometer or photoelectrocolorimeter of any kind for measurements in the visible region of the spectrum.
Nitric acid GOST 4461−77 diluted 1:1 and solutions (HNO)=0.5 mol/DMand (HNO)=0.2 mol/DM.
Sulfuric acid GOST 4204−77 and diluted 1:1, 1:9 and 1:49.
Tartaric acid according to GOST 5817−77, solutions with a mass concentration of 50 g/land 500 g/DM.
Ammonium nitrate according to GOST 22867−77.
Ammonia water according to GOST 3760−79 diluted 1:1.
Potassium permanganate according to GOST 20490−75, solution (KMnO)=0.1 mol/DM.
Cupferron according to GOST 5857−79, a solution with a mass concentration of 10 g/DM.
Chloroform.
Ethyl alcohol GOST 18300−87.
Phenolphthalein on the other 6−09−5360−87, a solution with a mass concentration of 10 g/lin ethanol.
Phenylfluorone, on the other 6−09−05−289−78, a solution with a mass concentration of 0.3 g/DM: 0.03 g phenylfluorene dissolved in 100 cmof ethyl alcohol in the presence of 2 cmof sulphuric acid (1:1) by heating on a water bath until a clear solution.
Gelatin food according to GOST 11293−78*, a solution with a mass concentration of 5 g/DM, freshly prepared.
_______________
* Valid GOST 11293−89, here and hereafter. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
Tin metal according to GOST 860−75.
Standard solutions of tin.
Solution a: 0,100 g of tin are dissolved in 10 cmof sulphuric acid and heated to release the vapours of sulphuric anhydride. After cooling, dilute sulfuric acid (1:9), transferred into a measuring flask with volume capacity of 1000 cmand bring to mark with the same acid.
1 cmof solution A contains 0.1 mg of tin.
Solution B: 10 cmsolution And transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 100 cmand dilute to the mark with sulphuric acid (1:9). The solution is prepared before use.
1 cmof a solution contains 0.01 mg of tin.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
2.2. Analysis
2.2.1. Depending on the expected mass fraction of tin take a sample of lead whose mass is listed in table.1.
Table 1
Mass fraction of tin, % |
The weight of the portion of the lead, g |
The volume aliquote part of the solution, cm |
From of 0.0002 to 0.002 |
1,000 |
The entire volume |
SV. Of 0.002 «to 0.01 |
1,000 |
10 |
«To 0.01» to 0.05 |
0,200 |
10 |
«0,05» 0,2 |
0,200 |
2 |
The charge is dissolved by heating in 10 cmof nitric acid (1:1) containing 0.5 cmof a solution of tartaric acid with the mass concentration of 500 g/DM. When the mass fraction of tin in excess of 0.002% solution transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 50 cm, made up to the mark solution of nitric acid of concentration 0.5 mol/DMand stirred. The whole solution or its aliquot part of the selected tab.1, is evaporated to dryness on a water bath.
The residue is dissolved in 5 cmof nitric acid solution of concentration 0.5 mol/DMat 0.2 g the sample or in 10 cm — when 1 g of the sample. To the solution add a few drops of potassium permanganate solution to poorly-pink colour and leave for 5 min. the solution was Then neutralized with aqueous ammonia (1:1) until the precipitate does not disappear upon stirring. The precipitate is dissolved with a few drops of nitric acid solution of concentration 0.5 mol/DMand translate the solution into a separating funnel with a capacity of 100 cm. The glass is washed with 10 cmof nitric acid solution of concentration 0.5 mol/DMwith 0.2 g of the sample and 20 cm — with 1 g of the sample (in the first case, the volume should be 20 cm, the second — 40, DM).
Pour 2 cmof a solution of cupferron, mix, add 5 cmof chloroform and shake for 1 min, the Chloroform phase was transferred to another separatory funnel and repeat extraction two more times, adding each time 2 cmof a solution of cupferron and 5 cmof chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts washed three times with a solution of nitric acid of concentration 0.2 mol/DM, adding it by 5 cmeach time. The washed chloroform phase is decanted into a glass with a capacity of 50 cmand heated in a water bath until removal of the main part of chloroform.
Pour 5 cmof nitric acid and heated in a water bath until complete removal of chloroform. Pour 5 cmof sulphuric acid (1:1) and evaporated until the appearance of fumes of sulphuric anhydride. If the solution is dark color, add a few crystals of ammonium nitrate or a few drops of nitric acid and again heated until the appearance of fumes of sulphuric anhydride. The solution was cooled, washed the walls of the Cup 2−3 cmof water and evaporated almost to dryness (the rest should be about 0.3 cm).
After cooling, pour 5 cmof tartaric acid solution with a mass concentration of 50 g/DM, heat, cool and pour the solution into volumetric flask with a capacity of 25 cm. In the presence of a precipitate of lead sulfate the solution is filtered through a dense filter of «blue ribbon», collecting the filtrate in a volumetric flask with a capacity of 25 cm, washing the precipitate and the glass acid solution (1:49). Add one drop of phenolphthalein solution, neutralize with ammonia until slightly pink color, add 1.5 cmof sulphuric acid (1:1), cooled, added 2.5 cmof a solution of gelatin, 5 cmphenylfluorone solution (after addition of each reagent the solution was stirred) and diluted to the mark with water and mix again. After 20 minutes, measure the optical density of the solutions at a wavelength of 510 nm.
Solution comparison is the solution of the reference experiment. The amount of tin in kalorimetricheskim volume set calibration schedule.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
2.2.2. To build a calibration curve in five of the six tumblers with a capacity of 50 cmis placed 0,2; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 and 3,0 cmof solution B (the sixth is used for the reference experiment), which corresponds to 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 µg of tin, is evaporated to release vapors of sulphuric anhydride and cooled. All six of the cups add 5 cmof tartaric acid solution with a mass concentration of 50 g/DMand transferred to volumetric flasks with a capacity of 25 cm, washing the glasses with a solution of sulfuric acid (1:49).
Then do as stated in claim
According to the obtained values of optical density of solutions and the corresponding content of tin to build a calibration curve.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
3. POLAROGRAPHIC METHOD
The method is based on polarography tin on the background of hydrochloric acid (1:3) when the half-wave potential of minus 0.50 per relative to the saturated calomel electrode. Lead pre-allocate in the form of sulphate and additionally Coosada sulfate strontium.
3.1. Apparatus, reagents and solutions
Polarograph polarograph oscilloscope or AC of any type.
Nitric acid GOST 4461−77 and diluted 1:3.
Sulfuric acid GOST 4204−77 and diluted 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20.
Hydrochloric acid by the GOST 3118−77, diluted 1:3.
Strontium nitrate according to GOST 5429−74, a solution with a mass concentration of 10 g/DM.
Iron chloride according to GOST 4147−74, a solution with a mass concentration of 50 g/l, prepared with hydrochloric acid diluted 1:3.
Iron metal, reduced hydrogen free from lead, tin, titanium, chromium and manganese.
Tin GOST 860−75.
Gelatin food according to GOST 11293−78, a solution with a mass concentration of 5 g/DM, freshly prepared.
Mercury metal according to GOST 4658−73.
A standard solution of tin: 0,100 g of tin are dissolved in 10 cmof sulphuric acid, heated until complete dissolution of the sample and start the selection of the vapor of sulphuric anhydride. After cooling, add 100 cmof sulphuric acid (1:10) can withstand up to dissolve the salt and pour the solution into a measuring flask with volume capacity of 1000 cm. The volume of the solution was adjusted to the mark with sulphuric acid (1:10) and mix thoroughly.
1 cmof the solution contains 0.1 mg of tin.
Calibration solutions: six volumetric flasks with a capacity of 100 cmmeasured pipettes respectively 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 and 5,0 cmof a standard solution of tin was added to each flask at 2,5 cmof a solution of ferric chloride, was adjusted to the mark with hydrochloric acid (1:3) and stirred.
Solutions with known contents, respectively, contain 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 and 5,0 mg of tin 1 DM.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
3.2. Analysis
The weight of lead weight of 2,000−4,000 g depending on the mass fraction of tin is placed in a conical flask with a capacity of 250 cm, pour the 20−50 cmof nitric acid (1:3), cover with a watch glass and dissolve with a moderate heat.
After dissolution, the sample solution was cooled, diluted with cold water up to 70−80 cm, is added in small portions with stirring 15 cmof sulphuric acid (1:1) and left in the refrigerator with running water for 1 h.
The precipitate of lead sulphate filtered off on paper filter «white ribbon», a cone which is filled filtrowanie ground. Collect the filtrate in a conical flask with a capacity of 250 cm. The residue in the flask and on the filter is washed six times with sulfuric acid (1:20).
To the filtrate is poured 10 cmof a solution of nitrate of strontium with stirring and leave in the refrigerator with running water for 30 min. the Precipitate was filtered off on a tight double filter of «blue ribbon», collecting the filtrate in a conical flask with a capacity of 250 cm. The residue in the flask and on the filter is washed six times with cold sulphuric acid (1:20).
To the filtrate poured 2.5 cmof a solution of ferric chloride, stirred, heated to 50−60 °C, add ammonia until the precipitation of hydroxides in excess of 10 cmleave at the same temperature for 20−25 min, then filtered on a medium density filter «white ribbon». The flask and precipitate was washed three times with hot water (70−80 °C).
The deployed filter washed with a fine spray of hot hydrochloric acid (1:3) in the same flask in which the precipitation was carried out, cooled, transferred to a volumetric flask with a capacity of 25 or 50 cm, adjusted to the mark with the same acid and mix.
Part of the solution (20 cm) are poured into a Cup, add about 1 g of metallic iron, the reduced hydrogen, and leave until complete recovery of ferric and bleaching solution. 5 min to polarographically on the oscilloscope polarography add 0.5 cmgelatin solution.
The solution is poured into the cell, holding the particles of iron near the bottom of the Cup magnet, and conduct polarography tin at a potential of minus 0.50 per peak (relative to the saturated calomel electrode), the initial voltage minus 0.3 V, the final — minus 0.7 V, a speed of 0.5 V/s the period of dripping of mercury from the capillary 5−6, the delay of 2.8−4 with the scheme of the instrument «differential 1−3».
When using polarography AC dripping period of mercury from the capillary with 2−3 polarography carried out in optimal conditions.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
4. PROCESSING OF THE RESULTS
4.1. Mass fraction of tin in percent by photometric method of determination is calculated by the formula
,
where — weight of tin, was found in the calibration schedule g;
— volume of initial solution, cm;
— volume aliquote part of the solution, cm;
— its weight of lead,
4.2. Mass fraction of tin in percent with a polarographic method of determination is calculated by the formula
,
where the wave height of solution of the sample, mm;
— the concentration of tin in calibration solution, mg/DM;
the volume of the solution of the sample, cm;
— the weight of the portion in aliquote part of the solution, g;
wave height of tin in the calibration solution.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
4.3. Allowable absolute discrepancies in the results of parallel measurements and the results of the analysis shall not exceed the values given in table.2.
Table 2
Mass fraction of tin, % |
The allowable divergence of the parallel definitions % |
Permissible discrepancies in the results of the analysis % |
From to from 0.0002 to 0.0005 incl. |
0,0001 |
0,0001 |
SV. Of 0.0005 «0,0010 « |
0,0003 |
0,0004 |
«0,0010» 0,0020 « |
0,0004 |
0,0005 |
«0,0020» 0,0050 « |
About 0.0006 |
0,0008 |
«0,0050» 0,0100 « |
0,0010 |
0,0013 |
«Of 0.010» to 0.015 « |
0,001 |
0,002 |
«0,015» 0,030 « |
0,003 |
0,004 |
«0,030» 0,050 « |
0,005 |
0,006 |
«0,050» 0,100 « |
0,008 |
0,010 |
«To 0.10» to 0.20 « |
0,01 |
0,02 |
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).