GOST R 56187-2014

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  ГОСТ Р 56187-2014

GOST R 56187−2014 Technical diagnostics. Acoustic method of control of superheat are. General requirements

GOST R 56187−2014

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Technical diagnostics

ACOUSTIC METHOD OF CONTROL OF SUPERHEAT ARE

General requirements

Technical diagnostics. Ultrasonic monitoring of steel sheets overheating. General requirements

OKS 77.040.10

Date of introduction 2016−01−01

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the Open joint-stock company «Scientific-research center of control and diagnostics of technical systems» (OAO «nits KD»)

2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 132 «Technical diagnostics"

3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology dated 24 October 2014 N 1412-St

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Application rules of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0−2012 (section 8). Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards» and the official text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in a future issue of information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru)

Introduction

Many modes of heat treatment of semi-finished products, semi-finished and finished steel products involve high-temperature heating, in which there is a danger of overheating the metal. Overheating of steel leads to a significant deterioration of its performance properties, primarily to a sharp embrittlement.

The operation of the products of overheated steel is completely invalid, because they may suddenly collapse, even at low workloads.

Currently used method of controlling the metallographic microstructure of the steel for the detection of overheating, being quite time consuming, mainly for control samples and not very applicable for finished products.

In recent years, actively developed equipment and methods for non-destructive acoustic testing to determine the parameters of the structure and physico-mechanical characteristics of steels [1], [2].

This standard was developed with the goal of providing the methodological basis for the use of acoustic methods for the Express control of the presence of overheating in the structure of both samples and structural elements.

1 Scope

This standard applies to the experimental determination of the heating of steel heat-treated semi-finished products or finished products of the acoustic echo method using longitudinal elastic waves megahertz range.

The method can be applied both in laboratory studies and operation of technical objects for various purposes.

2 Normative references

This standard uses the regulatory references to the following standards:

GOST R ISO 5725−2-2002 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of methods and measurement results. Part 2. The basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method

GOST 7.32−91 System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. The report on research work. The structure and rules of registration

GOST 12.1.001−89 System safety standards. Ultrasound. General safety requirements

GOST 12.1.004−91 System safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.019−79 System of standards of occupational safety. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection

GOST 12.1.038−82 standards System of labor safety. Electrical safety. The maximum permissible values of the touch voltage and currents

GOST 12.2.003−91 System safety standards. Equipment production. General safety requirements

GOST 12.3.002−75 System safety standards. The process of production. General safety requirements

GOST 32−74 Oil turbine. Specifications

GOST 2768−84 Acetone. Specifications

GOST 2789−73 surface Roughness. Parameters and characteristics

GOST 5639−82 of Steel and alloys. Methods of detection and determination of grain size

GOST 6259−75 Reagents. Glycerin. Specifications

GOST 17299−78 ethyl Alcohol technical. Specifications

GOST 20415−82 nondestructive testing. Methods acoustic. General provisions

GOST 23829−85 nondestructive testing acoustic. Terms and definitions

GOST 26266−90 nondestructive testing. The ultrasonic transducers. General technical requirements

Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet or in the annual information index «National standards» published as on January 1 of the current year, and the editions of the monthly information index «National standards» for the current year. If replaced with a reference standard, which was given an undated reference, then it is recommended to use the current version of this standard, taking into account all enabled in this version modifications. If replaced with a reference standard, which is given a dated reference, it is recommended to use the version of this standard referred to above by year of approval (acceptance). If after approval of this standard in the reference standard, which is given a dated reference, a change affecting a provision to which reference, the provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, the position in which reference is made to him, recommended to be used in part not affecting this link.

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations

3.1 this standard applies the terminology according to GOST 23829.

3.2 this standard applies the following conventions:

 — the thickness of the test object at the measurement point, mm;

 — the speed of propagation of longitudinal elastic waves in the object material, m/s;

 — the duration of the scan, providing visualization of the two reflected pulses, ISS;

 — delay of the first reflected pulse of longitudinal elastic waves, MS;

 — delay of the second reflected pulse of longitudinal elastic waves, MS;

 — delay of the first reflected pulse of longitudinal elastic waves with respect to the second reflected pulse, MS;

 — the minimum value of the nominal frequency of the transducer used, MHz;

 — the maximum value of the nominal frequency of the transducer used, MHz;

 — the nominal frequency of the used piezoelectric transducers MHz, =1.;

 — the radius of the emitter -th* Converter, mm, =1.;

_________________

* The text of the document matches the original. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


 — the number of the transducer;

the attenuation coefficient of the object material when the dimension -m Converter, dB/m, =1.;

 — the number of repeated acoustic measurements for th* Converter;

_________________

* The text of the document matches the original. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


 — the average value of the attenuation coefficient of the material of the test object in the measurement -Converter, dB/m;

 — the average value of the attenuation coefficient of the material of the standard sample in the measurement -Converter, dB/m;

acoustic characterization of the structure of the test object;

is the limit value corresponding to an overheating of the steel.

3.3 this standard applies the following abbreviations:

OK — the object of control;

Wee — ultrasonic pulse;

SI — measurement means;

PEP — piezoelectric Converter;

SOP — standard sample of the enterprise.

4 General provisions

4.1 Method based on the existing relationship between the attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic waves and the size of the average grain size of steel [1].

4.2 Influence of the average grain size of steel on frequency dependence of ultrasound attenuation coefficient allows the use of a relatively simple methodology of acoustic measurements, enables rapid assessment of the presence of overheating of steel in the semifinished or finished products.

4.3 Method based on the manual method of ultrasonic pulse-echo contact testing combined with the use of piezoelectric transducers according to GOST 26266.

4.4 Optimal output «microburst» of high frequency (ultrasonic) filling the envelope smooth and effective duration (at the level of 0.6 of the maximum amplitude) 2−4 period of the fundamental frequency.

4.5 the Presence of overheating in the structure of OK is determined for the areas, the volume average of the ultrasonic beam, determined by the transverse dimensions of the probe and the thickness of the material OK.

5 safety Requirements

5.1 measurements allow operators with skills of equipment operation ultrasonic inspection, able to use national and industry normative and technical documents on the acoustic control techniques, trained to work with used C and are certified for knowledge of safety regulations in the relevant sector of industry.

5.2 in the control of overheating, the operator should be guided by GOST 12.1.001, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.3.002 and safety regulations in the operation of electrical churchyard 12.1.019 and GOST 12.1.038.

5.3 Measurement is carried out in accordance with the safety requirements specified in the operating instructions of the equipment, part of the used SI.

5.4 Facilities for measurements shall meet the requirements [3] and [4].

5.5 At the organization of works for control of overheating must be complied with fire safety requirements according to GOST 12.1.004.

6 Requirements for measuring instruments

6.1 as SI use installation consists of production equipment, or specialized ultrasonic devices that are certified and verified in the prescribed manner.

6.2 SI should contain the set of probes, providing radiation and reception of longitudinal elastic waves in the frequency range from to . The nominal frequency of probes chosen in the following order.

6.2.1 For the investigated steel on the basis of the analysis of relevant technical documents establish the maximum permissible value of the average diameter of the grain .

6.2.2 In accordance with GOST 5639 calculate values , by the formula

, (1)

. (2)

6.2.3 the Minimum value of M must be equal to 5. For this purpose the frequency range from tois divided into octave bands, the boundaries of which should match the rated frequency of the used probe

, (3)

, (4)

, (5)

, (6)

. (7)

Note — To reduce the error of assessment of the presence of overheating may be increased to a value through the use of additional nominal frequencies that are within the selected octave bands.

6.3 SI needs to provide the measurement of the echo method using the UI with a smooth envelope.

6.4 SI should ensure that the discretization of the ultrasonic signal with a frequency that exceeds not less than times the maximum effective frequency of the used probes.

6.5 SI must contain an analog-to-digital converters have a precision no less .

6.6 Values and usually have the values 10 and 12 respectively, but can be refined during preliminary experimental studies.

6.7 Primary acoustic information for each dimension should always be stored on external media, protected from unauthorized access.

6.8 Documentation the SI shall contain the measurement procedure and the documents that establish:

— the purpose and scope SI;

— the composition and main characteristics of the hardware and software, including measurement error parameters of the UI;

— methods and means of achieving the compatibility of SI, including data, electrical, energy, software, development, and operational;

rules of aggregation of hardware and software and their interaction.

6.9 description of the functionality of SI in the operational, design and policy papers should contain the specifications of the hardware and software.

6.10 Operational characteristics of the SI must conform to the requirements of the specifications and of this standard.

6.11 in determining the existence of overheating, apply the SOP with a normal structure, which does not contain signs of overheating. Each SOP must be certified and have certificate of attestation and passport. The SOP shall be periodically and in special cases, extraordinary attestation (Ministerial practice) in the prescribed industry order.

6.12 Distance from the center of the DIS to the side faces OK should not be less than the maximum of the values calculated according to the formula

. (8)

6.13 Auxiliary devices and materials

6.13.1 For surface preparation OK using the grinding tool, providing a surface roughness in accordance with 7.2.

6.13.2 For degreasing surfaces used alcohol according to GOST 17299 or acetone churchyard 2768.

6.13.3 When using a probe as a contact is used quite a thick fluid, good ultrasound conducting fluid (e.g., glycerin according to GOST 6259, autoly 6, 10, 18, compressor and other related oil according to GOST 32) having wetting properties with respect to the surface OK, and the contact surface of the probe.

6.13.4 When the control is used in containers for storing contact liquid, a brush for applying a contact fluid on the surface OK, rags for wiping of ultrasonic equipment and the operator’s hands, a metal ruler 500 mm for marking the surface is OK, the marker or chalk to label on is controlled by OK magazine for business records.

7 Requirements for building control

7.1 the Material is OK must not contain invalid delamination, inclusions and other defects detected acoustic echo method.

7.2 the surface Roughness of OK in the areas of measurement — not more than 2.5 µm according to GOST 2789.

Note — the Method does not guarantee the required accuracy of determining the presence of overheating, if the surface roughness is OK in zones of measurements exceeds 2.5 µm.

7.3 surface Temperature is OK in the areas of measurement should be in the range from 5 °C to 40 °C.

7.4 Before installing the probe surface OK cleaned of dirt, scale, rust and degreased.

7.5 Distance from the entry point of the acoustic waves to the side faces OK should not be less than the maximum of the values calculated according to formula (8).

8 the Procedure for preparation of the control

8.1 On the basis of technical documentation on «OK «define the values in the areas of measurement.

8.2 On the basis of reference data or experimentally determined value .

8.3 Determine the location of the control points of overheating.

8.4 put a layer of contact liquid on the prepared surface OK.

8.5 Install the transducer with a nominal frequency , include SI and check that it works, displaying the time scan of the reflected pulses.

The duration of the sweep , ISS, must ensure that the following inequality is satisfied

, (9)

where  — delay of the probe pulse as defined by the technical characteristics of the used SI, ISS.

8.6 Check on the time scan pulses caused by the presence of zones of measurement of the additional reflecting boundaries (delaminations, cracks, pores, etc.) in the material is OK and not detected in the flaw detection process controls.

9 the Procedure for conducting control and processing rules results

9.1 Monitoring is carried out according to the technical documentation developed in accordance with GOST 20415.

9.2 At the selected point of measurement set probe frequency .

9.3 Get the waveform of reflected pulses, the form of which is schematically shown in figure 1.

Figure 1 — Oscillogram UI

1, the first reflected UI, 2 — UI the second reflected

Figure 1 — Oscillogram UI

9.4 For the first and second reflected pulses define delay , and as follows [5]:

the software used C detect the signal at the time of the excess of the threshold selector;

— delay of UI is defined as the point in time at which the signal goes to zero.

9.5 Calculate the value according to the formula

. (10)

9.6 For each emitter at the selected point of measurement receive the waveform reflected UI similar to that shown in figure 1.

9.7 Means of the instrument software calculated values according to the formula (see [6])

, (11)

where ,  — magnitude respectively of the first and second reflected pulses when the dimension m* PEP.

_________________

* The text of the document matches the original. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

9.8 Arrays of values, check for outliers in accordance with GOST R ISO 5725−2.

9.9 Determine the average values according to the formula

. (12)

9.10 In SOPS are measuring values in accordance with 9.3−9.9.

9.11 Calculate the acoustic characteristics of the structure is OK according to the formula

. (13)

9.12 Compares the value with the value .

9.13 At <<img alt=«ГОСТ Р 56187-2014 Техническая диагностика. Акустический метод контроля перегрева стали. Общие требования» src=«data:image/jpeg;base64,R0lGODdhFAAbAIABAAAAAP///ywAAAAAFAAbAAACMIyPqcvtD2MEFEhj8c330K59Esc9ZXAyZ5lqiPXBK/mKSjW3KozqKggMCofEonFYAAA7»> steel structure in the measurement area is considered as not containing signs of overheating.

9.14 If the steel structure in the measurement area is considered to be superheated.

10 Rules for registration of measurement results

10.1 the results of the measurements are fixed in the Protocol, the form of which is given in Appendix A.

Additional information to be logged, the order of processing and storage Protocol should be set in the technical documents for the control.

10.2 If the overheating warning system is part of the research work, the measurement should be made in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7.32.

Annex a (recommended). Form of the control Protocol

Appendix A
(recommended)

Table A. 1 — Results of measurements in the areas of

Bibliography

[1] Nondestructive testing/ed. by V. V. Klyuev, vol. 3. — M.: Mashinostroenie, 2004 — p. 864

[2] the Angles A. L. Acoustic monitoring of equipment in manufacturing and operation/Angles A. L., Erofeev V. I., Smirnov A. N. — M.: Nauka, 2009 — 280 p.

[3] SNiP 11-M 2−72* Public buildings and facilities. Design standards
________________
* Probably, the error of the original. Should read: SNiP II-M. 2−72. — Note the manufacturer’s database.


[4] SN 245−71 Sanitary norms of design of industrial enterprises

[5] measuring the Standard samples, the time of passage of ultrasonic signals. The determination of basic metrological characteristics.- IMP UB RAS, Ekaterinburg, 2007, 16 p.

[6] Kirichenko I. A. Method of determining the characteristics of ultrasound attenuation in polycrystalline materials/Kirichenko I. A., Kireev A. N., Kashura A. L. // Electrotechnical and computer systems. Acoustic and mechanical measurements. — 2012 — 06 N (82). — S. 50−54

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M.: STANDARTINFORM, 2015