GOST R 52889-2007

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  ГОСТ Р 52889-2007

GOST R 52889−2007 nondestructive testing. Acoustic method of control of tightening force of screw joints. General requirements (with Amendment)

GOST R 52889−2007
Group Т59

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Nondestructive testing

ACOUSTIC METHOD OF CONTROL OF TIGHTENING FORCE OF SCREW JOINTS

General requirements

Non-destructive testing. Ultrasound measurement of screw tightening forces. General requirements

OKS 77.040.10

Date of introduction 2010−01−01

Preface

The objectives and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation established by the Federal law of 27 December 2002 N 184-FZ «On technical regulation», and rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation — GOST R 1.0−2004"Standardization in the Russian Federation. The main provisions"

Data on standard

1 DEVELOPED by Closed joint stock company «research Institute of introscopy of Moscow scientific production Association «Spektr» (CJSC «niiin MSIA «Spectrum»), the independent nonprofit organization «Scientific-research center of control and diagnostics of technical systems» (ANO «nits KD»), a limited liability company «Vote» («Vote») and Open joint stock company «NPO Energomash named after academician V. P. Glushko"

2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 132 «Technical diagnostics"

3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology dated December 27, 2007 No. 583-St

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annually issued reference index «National standards», and the text changes and amendments — in monthly indexes published information «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in a monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet

AMENDED, published in the IUS N 1, 2017
An amendment made by the manufacturer of the database

Introduction

An objective assessment of the health and safety of technical objects, containing the threaded connection in most practically important cases, is impossible without the availability of reliable information about the current connected details efforts. The simplest devices control the torque the type of torque wrench is not always suitable because of bias and significant error results when using them to ensure the specified torque settings connections node power plants, in aviation, space technology etc.

At the present time to control the tightening forces are increasingly using the method of acoustic strain gauges, possibilities of application which has no analogues among the other NDT methods.

Based on this method, like all acoustic methods of determining the stress state lies provocations effect — the linear dependence of elastic wave velocities, stress, a reliable experimental determination of which has become possible with the advent of modern ultrasonic and electronic measuring equipment.

This standard will serve as a methodological basis of the method of acoustic strain gauges for a wide class of engineering problems that require operational control of the tightening forces of various threaded connections.

1 Scope

This standard applies to acoustic echo-pulse method of determining the torque in the threaded connection.

The standard establishes the basic requirements for the procedure of determining the efforts and caused them to uniaxial mechanical stretching stresses arising in the material of bolts or studs when tightened.

This standard describes the requirements for the used measurement tools, the choice of transducers and the order of the accounting of factors affecting the accuracy of the torque settings.

This standard applies to bolts and pins with diameter not less than 8 mm with a ratio of length to diameter of not more than 7 for diameters up to 30 mm inclusively and not more than 10 for diameters over 30 mm.

Regulated by the standard method can be used for commissioning, maintenance work and in the process of operation at thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, hydroelectric, aerospace engineering, oil and gas industry and other industries.

2 Normative references

This standard uses the regulatory references to the following standards:

GOST 12.1.001−89 System safety standards. Ultrasound. General safety requirements

GOST 12.1.004−91 System safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005−88 standards System of labor safety. General hygiene requirements for working zone air

GOST 12.1.019−79 System of standards of occupational safety. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection

GOST 12.1.038−82 standards System of labor safety. Electrical safety. The maximum permissible values of the touch voltage and currents

GOST 12.2.003−91 System safety standards. Equipment production. General safety requirements

GOST 12.3.002−75 System safety standards. The process of production. General safety requirements

GOST 2768−84 Acetone. Specifications

GOST 2789−73 surface Roughness. Parameters and characteristics

GOST 17299−78 ethyl Alcohol technical. Specifications

GOST 25347−82 Basic norms of interchangeability. ESDP. Tolerances and recommended planting

GOST 28840−90 Machine for testing materials in tension, compression and bending. General technical requirements

Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet or published annually by the information sign «National standards» published as on January 1 of the current year and related information published monthly indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), when using this standard should be guided by replacing (amended) standard. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, then the situation in which the given link applies to the extent that does not affect this link.

3 Symbols and abbreviations

3.1 this standard applies the following designations:

3.2 this standard applies the following abbreviations:

4 Requirements to safety of works

4.1 measurements and processing of their results allow operators with skills in the operation of equipment of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, able to use national and industry normative and technical documents on the acoustic control techniques, trained to work with used C and are certified for knowledge of safety regulations in the relevant sector of industry.

4.2 When carrying out works on the determination of mechanical stress and tightening forces by the acoustic method, the operator should be guided by GOST 12.1.001, GOST 12.2.003,GOST 12.3.002 and rules of technical safety for operation of electrical consumers according to GOST 12.1.019 and GOST 12.1.038.

4.3 Work is carried out in accordance with the safety requirements set out in the instruction manual of equipment, part of the used SI.

4.4 General hygiene requirements for working zone air — according to GOST 12.1.005.

4.5 In organization of work control must be complied with fire safety requirements according to GOST 12.1.004.

5 Requirements for means of control

5.1 To control the use of ultrasonic devices with measurement error increments of propagation time ultrasonic inspection of not more than 0.03 MS.

5.2 complete with appliances need to use the initial EAP to emit and receive longitudinal ULTRASONIC waves of frequency 2.5 to 15 MHz.

The diameters of the piezoceramic plates shall be not less than:

— 12 mm for frequencies from 2.5 to 5 MHz;

— 6 mm for frequencies 6 to 10 MHz;

— 4 mm for frequencies from 11 MHz to 15 MHz.

5.3 allowed the use of electromagnetic acoustic transducers with equivalent aperture providing radiation and reception of shear or longitudinal ULTRASONIC waves.

5.4 Requirements FOR

5.4.1 TO must comply with the requirements of the drawings SB.

5.4.2 TO have to have a passport.

5.4.3 TO must be marked with serial numbers and designations in the drawing.

5.4.4 Deformation and curvature are not allowed TO.

5.4.5 Marking TO be applied on the smooth cylindrical surface. In case of lack of space on the cylindrical surface marking is applied:

— for sample of bolt — on sides of head or on tag attached by a wire through the locking hole in the bolt head;

— for sample studs on the tag attached to the nut screwed onto the sample, through the safety wire hole in the nut or on the faces of this nut.

5.4.6 tag Size is arbitrary.

5.4.7 it is necessary TO keep for the entire lifetime of collected with their help, Assembly units and products.

5.4.8 in the manufacture of composite parts for cooperation in various enterprises allowed TO set, consisting of control samples sufficient to provide the technological process of product Assembly.

Absolute value of the difference of time of propagation of elastic waves between the samples sets measured under normal conditions shall not exceed 0.03 MS.

The passport TO next to the serial number mark of his belonging to the set of control samples.

5.5 Assistive devices and materials

When the acoustic method of control of tightening force of screw joints are used:

— degreasing liquid (alcohol according to GOST 17299 or acetone GOST 2768) for surface preparation;

— couplant for ultrasonic flaw detectors or thickness gauges;

— breaking machine according to GOST 28840.

5.6 Requirements for methodological support SI

5.6.1 Methodological support SI must contain the method of measurement, calculation formula to calculate the value of the controlled parameter according to the results of acoustic measurements, as well as documents that establish:

— the purpose and scope SI;

— the composition and main characteristics of the hardware and software, including standards for the measurement error of propagation time of ultrasonic testing;

— methods and means of achieving the compatibility of SI, including data, electrical, energy, software, development, and operational;

rules of aggregation of hardware and software and their interaction.

5.6.2 description of the functionality of SI in the operational, engineering and programme documents should reflect the specifications of the hardware and software.

6 requirements for the test object

6.1 SB should not include macro defects detected by nondestructive methods.

6.2 the Parameter of roughness of the end surfaces SB should be not more than 2.5 µm according to GOST 2789.

6.3 On the end surfaces of the SB are not allowed to have grooves, notches, traces of the test the hardness, ledges, lapping from thread rolling, limb lead of the thread, nicks, and pivot holes for SB diameter less than 90 mm.

6.4 perpendicularity Tolerance of the ends of the SB relative to the thread axis must not exceed:

— 0.05 mm for diameters from 8 to 16 mm;

— 0.1 mm for diameters over 16 mm.

6.5 Tolerance of parallelism of end surfaces SB shall not exceed:

— 0.05 mm for diameters from 8 to 16 mm;

— 0.1 mm for diameters over 16 mm.

6.6 Flatness of the end surfaces SB should monitor the adhesion for paint, which must be not less than 80%.

6.7 Tolerances on the length of the SB shall not exceed the II quality class according to GOST 25347.

6.8 Controlled SB must be marked with ordinal numbers.

6.9 Marking, you can use paint of any color, electrographs or hammering method. The font size is arbitrary.

6.10 Deformation and bending of the SB are not allowed.

6.11 Marking of serial numbers SB is applied to one of the following ways:

a) in the case that the control values is carried out before screwing in SB detail of the connection, the marking is applied on the smooth part of the cylindrical surface of the studs or on the faces of the bolts and also on the surface of one of the abutting parts near screwing SB:

to connect with the position of the screw holes on the circumference on the side surface of the flange in four places (cruciate), convenient for review. The count SB is performed from the reference zones in a clockwise direction from the screwed-in parts;

to connect with the position of the screw holes in a straight line or a broken line, labeling the extreme threaded holes arranged in a straight line, and each of the threaded holes located at the broken line.

b) in the case that the control value is carried out after screwing SB, marking serial numbers on their surfaces was not applied, and is performed on the surface of one of the abutting parts is similar to listing a).

7 preparation for the inspection

7.1 analysis of the CD and preparation of IKK

7.1.1 On the basis of the analysis of the CD set:

— name and designation of instruments used for inspection;

— the designation of Assembly units or parts included in the monitored compound;

— nominal tightening forces, with tolerances for each connection;

— defining zone from which to begin the countdown sequence number controlled by SB;

— the stage of manufacture and operation, which must be monitored, indicating the number and sequence numbers of the monitored SB, and allowable effort for each stage;

— names and designation of Assembly units that are included in controlled connection with a schema for marking sequence numbers SB;

— stress and torque sequence SB;

— notation and a sequence number FOR indicating the method and place of marking;

— brand lubricant deposited on the end faces SB, method of application with indication of the used tissue and solvent.

7.1.2 Make up the BCI, the form of which is given in Appendix A.

7.2 Calibration SI

7.2.1 calibration of the SI and the definition of calibration characteristics of threaded connections subject to control, is carried out for a specific type of SI and the specific sizes in the development of technological process control.

7.2.2 the Calibration is performed on discontinuous machines that meet the requirements of GOST 28840, using tools for fixing SB grips in the tensile machine. The fixture should mimic the design elements of the controlled connection at the depth of screw and length of the stretchable part of the SB.

7.2.3 allowed to hold a graduation on metrologically certified the test bench, which allows loading of SB at the same time the current efforts of stretching, bending and torsion that mimic the conditions existing when tightening connections. Schematic diagram of the calibration bench is given in Appendix B.

7.2.4 calibration To use studs complete with nuts and washers and bolts with washers, not used, not less than five sets of each.

7.2.5 Before starting the calibration is to measure the propagation time of ultrasonic testing in TO .

7.2.6 the Calibration is carried out for each SB.

7.2.7 procedure for the calibration

7.2.7.1 Measured propagation time of ultrasonic testing in TO .

7.2.7.2 Measure time .

7.2.7.3 Load SB stretching forces , is equal to:

, , , , .

7.2.7.4 At each value , record the value of the propagation time of the ultrasonic inspection .

7.2.7.5 Determine for each value of the change in propagation time of the ultrasonic inspection according to the formula

. (1)

7.2.7.6 Measure the time of propagation of ultrasonic testing in TO . The difference between values and must not exceed the absolute value of the error SI.

7.2.7.7 Values , , , , , enter in the minutes of calibration, the form of which is given in Appendix V.

7.2.7.8 Build the calibration characteristic showing the dependence of the propagation time of the ultrasonic from tensile forces .

This dependence is in the specified range of loads from before , in which SB are in the zone of elastic deformations, has character, close to linear:

, (2)

where is calculated by the formula

. (3)

8 Procedure control

8.1 Measure and record the temperature of the air in the workplace. It should be from 0 °C to 35 °C.

Note — During the control temperature of the SB must be constant.

The temperature should match the ambient temperature at the place of inspection, provided that the exposure TO this temperature for at least 2 hours.

Prohibited during measurements keep TO the hands.

8.2 Measure the time of propagation of ultrasonic testing in TO at least 10 times, fixed in the IKK average value .

8.3 Measure and record in ICC the propagation times of ultrasonic testing in controlled SB in loose condition .

8.4 calculate the propagation times of ultrasonic testing that comply with the range tightening forces, according to the formulas:

; (4)

. (5)

8.5 Hold tight, SB to the level at which the measured values of propagation times of ultrasonic inspection are all controlled by SB fall in the interval from
to .

8.6 After final tightening measure and record in ICC the propagation times of ultrasonic testing in controlled by SB .

8.7 Measure the time of propagation of ultrasonic testing in TO at least 10 times and record in the IKK average value .

Note — the Difference between values and must not exceed the absolute value of the error of the instrument.

8.8 When carrying out repeated control (e.g., after technological tests, after a period of operation, etc.) perform the measurements 8.1, 8.2, 8.6 and 8.7. In IKK IKK transferred from the Assembly of the connection values , and the value of , denoting it as .

9 Rules for processing results of the control

9.1 Calculation of axial forces in th SB is carried out according to the formula

. (6)

(Amendment. ICS N 1−2017).

9.2 subject to the requirements of 8.1 and 8.7 during the inspection amendment in the calculations do not take into account.

9.3 In the processing of the results of repeated control correction is calculated by the formula

(7)

and take into account it always.

9.4 to Fill in the IRC and to process results of the control can be manually using the calibration characteristics in the form of tables or graphs, and in automatic mode, when implemented in the device algorithms monitoring and calculation efforts in accordance with sections 8 and 9.

10 the Rules of registration of testing results

10.1 the results of the control record in the KIC (see Annex A).

Additional information to be logged, the order of registration and storage of IKK (or conclusion) set out in the technical documents for the control.

10.2 the results of the control retain until the end of the useful life of the product.

Annex a (recommended). Example instructional card control

Appendix A
(recommended)

The average force for 21 is controlled by the pins34,69 vehicle.

After pressure testing is permitted:

stress in the studs at least 32 of the vehicle;

the average force in the coupling 34 of the vehicle.

Annex B (reference). Schematic diagram of the hydraulic calibration stand

Appendix B
(reference)

1 — hydraulic hand pump; 2 — pressure valve; 3 — drain valve; 4 — cylinder; 5 — piston; 6 — replaceable screw; 7 — centering bushing; 8 — manometer; 9 — EAP; 10 — device; 11 — pin; 12 — nut; 13 — washer

Figure B. 1

Annex b (recommended). Protocol calibration

The App
(recommended)

The electronic text of the document
prepared by JSC «Code» and checked by:
the official publication of the
M.: STANDARTINFORM, 2009