12X18H9T steel
12Cr18Ni9T Steel
Steel 12Cr18Ni9T: a classifier of steels and alloys. Below is systematized information on the purpose, chemical composition, types of supply, substitutes, critical point temperatures, physical, mechanical, technological and foundry properties for the grade — Steel 12X18H9T.
General information about 12X18H9T steel
The substitute for the following steel grade |
10Х14Г14Н4Т, 12Х17Г9А4, 12Х18Н10Т. |
Type of delivery |
Krug 12h18n9t, 12h18n9t wire, bar stock, including shaped: GOST 5949−75, GOST 2590−71, GOST 2591−71, GOST 2879−69. Calibrated bar GOST 7417−75, GOST 8559−75, GOST 8560−78. Grinded rod and silver GOST 5949−75, GOST 14955−77, GOST 18907−73. Sheet thickness GOST 7350−77. GOST 4405−75 GOST 103−76 strip. Wire GOST 18143−72. Forgings and forged blanks GOST 1133−71, GOST 25054−81. |
Application |
Welded equipment, pipes, parts of furnace fittings, heat exchangers, muffles, parts of exhaust systems, sheet and sectional parts. Apparatuses and vessels operating at temperatures from -196 to 600 °C under pressure, and in the presence of aggressive media up to 350 °C. The steel is corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant austenitic class. |
Chemical composition of steel 12Х18Н9Т
Chemical element |
% |
Silicon (Si), not more |
0.8 |
Manganese (Mn), not more than |
2.0 |
Copper (Cu), not more than |
0.30 |
Nickel (Ni) |
8.0−9.5 |
Sulfur (S), not more than |
0.020 |
Titanium (Ti) |
0.6−0.8 |
Carbon ©, not more than |
0.12 |
Phosphorus (P), not more |
0.035 |
Chrome (Cr) |
17.0−19.0 |
Mechanical properties of steel 12Х18Н9Т
Heat treatment, delivery condition |
Section, mm |
σ0, 2, MPa |
σB, MPa |
δ5, % |
ψ, % |
Rods. Hardened at 1020−1100°C, air, oil, water. |
60 |
196 |
540 |
40 |
55 |
Grinded bars, machined to the specified strength. |
1−30 |
|
540−880 |
20 |
|
Bulk rods |
<5 |
|
935 |
|
|
Hot- or cold-rolled sheets. Hardened 1030−1080°C, water or air. |
>4 |
216 |
530 |
38 |
|
Forgings. Tempering 1050−1100°C, air or water. |
<1000 |
216 |
510 |
35 |
40 |
Heat-treated wire |
1−6 |
|
540−880 |
20 |
|
Bulk wire |
1−6 |
|
1080 |
|
|
Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures
t test,°C |
σ0, 2, MPa |
σB, MPa |
δ5, % |
ψ, % |
18−25 mm diameter bars. Hardening at 1050 °C, water |
20 |
280 |
620 |
41 |
63 |
300 |
200 |
460 |
31 |
65 |
400 |
180 |
450 |
31 |
65 |
500 |
180 |
450 |
29 |
65 |
600 |
180 |
400 |
25 |
61 |
700 |
160 |
280 |
26 |
59 |
800 |
100 |
180 |
35 |
69 |
Sample diameter 10 mm, length 50 mm, rolled. Deformation rate 20 mm/minute. Strain rate 0.007 1/s. |
800 |
155 |
200 |
27 |
57 |
900 |
110 |
120 |
41 |
90 |
1000 |
58 |
66 |
50 |
95 |
1100 |
35 |
38 |
66 |
99 |
1200 |
22 |
26 |
79 |
100 |
Sheet thickness 2 mm. Nagart with a degree of cold plastic deformation 60% |
20 |
1290 |
1330 |
10 |
|
300 |
970 |
1080 |
6 |
|
500 |
780 |
870 |
10 |
|
700 |
360 |
420 |
29 |
|
Mechanical properties depending on degree of plastic deformation
Heat treatment, delivery condition |
σ0, 2, MPa |
σB, MPa |
δ5, % |
Sheet. Hardened at 1050 °C, water. |
Degree of compression 0% |
280−400 |
550−650 |
40−50 |
30% compression rate |
900 |
950 |
12 |
70% compression rate |
1150 |
1250 |
3 |
Mechanical properties in the long term strength test
Creep strength, МPa |
Creep rate, %/h |
t test,°C |
Ultimate long-term strength, MPa |
Test duration, h |
t test, h |
74−78 |
1/100000 |
600 |
186−235 |
10000 |
550 |
|
|
|
132−167 |
10000 |
600 |
|
|
|
137−196 |
100000 |
550 |
|
|
|
98−127 |
100000 |
600 |
Technological properties of steel 12Х18Н9Т
Forging temperature |
Beginning temperature 1200, ending temperature 850. Sections up to 350 mm are cooled in the air. |
Weldability |
Weldability without restriction. Welding methods: РДС electrodes ЦЛ-11, ЦЛ-15 (providing corrosion resistance), ЦТ-26 (used as heat-resistant without MKC requirements), ЕШС. The subsequent heat treatment is recommended. |
Machinability by cutting |
In the hardened condition at HB 169 and σB = 610 MPa Kυ of dv.solid. = 0,85, K υ b.st. = 0,35. |
Impact toughness of steel 12Х18Н9Т
Impact toughness, KCU, J/cm2
Delivery condition, heat treatment |
+20 |
-70 |
The rod section of 18−25 mm. Hardened 1050 C, water. bv = 620 MPa, b0,2 = 280 MPa. |
250 |
250 |
Endurance limit of steel 12Х18Н9Т
σ-1, MPa |
τ-1, MPa |
n |
279 |
|
1Е+7 |
196−235 |
132 |
|
Heat resistance of 12X18H9T steel
Medium |
Temperature,°C |
Depth, mm/year |
Resistance group or grade |
Superheated steam |
600 |
0,0018 |
2 |
Air |
650 |
0,0022 |
2 |
Air |
750 |
0,013 |
4 |
Physical properties of steel 12Х18Н9Т
Test temperature,°C |
20 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
Modulus of normal elasticity, E, GPa |
195 |
189 |
182 |
175 |
167 |
180 |
153 |
143 |
135 |
|
Steel density, pn, kg/m3 |
7900 |
7860 |
7820 |
7780 |
7740 |
7690 |
7650 |
7600 |
7560 |
7510 |
Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(m — °C) |
|
16 |
18 |
20 |
21 |
23 |
25 |
26 |
28 |
29 |
Electrical resistivity (p, nominal value — m) |
725 |
792 |
861 |
920 |
976 |
1028 |
1075 |
1117 |
1149 |
1176 |
Test temperature,°C |
20−100 |
20−200 |
20−300 |
20−400 |
20−500 |
20−600 |
20−700 |
20−800 |
20−900 |
20−1000 |
Coefficient of linear expansion (a, 10−6 1/°C) |
16.0 |
17.0 |
17.6 |
18.0 |
18.3 |
18.6 |
18.9 |
19.3 |
19.5 |
20.1 |
Specific heat capacity (C, J/(kg -°C)) |
469 |
486 |
498 |
511 |
519 |
528 |
532 |
544 |
548 |
|
Sensitivity to embrittlement of 12X18H9T steel
Temperature, °C |
Time, h |
KCU, J/cm2 |
- |
Initial state |
245 |
500 |
10000 |
186 |
550 |
20000 |
220 |
600 |
10000 |
215 |