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Steel 12X13

12Cr13 Steel

Steel 12X13: Handbook of steels and alloys. Below is systematized information on the purpose, chemical composition, types of supply, substitutes, critical point temperature, physical, mechanical, technological and foundry properties for the brand - Steel 12X13.

General information about 12Cr13 steel

Grade substitute
steel 20X13.
Kind of delivery
Circle 12X13, wire 12X13, sheet 12X13, 12X13 tube, 12X13 tape, bar stock, including shaped: GOST 5949−75, GOST 2590−71, GOST 2591−71, GOST 2879−69, GOST 19442−74, GOST 18969−73. Calibrated rod GOST 7417−75, GOST 8559−75, GOST 8560−78. Grinded rod and silver GOST 14955−77, GOST 18907−73. Sheet thick GOST 7350−77. Thin sheet GOST 5582−75. Tape GOST 4986−79. GOST 18143−72 wire. GOST 4405−75, GOST 103−76, GOST 18968−73. Forgings and forged blanks GOST 1133−71, GOST 18968−73, GOST 25054−81. Tubes GOST 9940−81, GOST 14162−79, GOST 9941−81.
Application
The parts with the increased plasticity, impact loads, products exposed to mildly aggressive media at room temperature, as well as parts operating at 450−500 ° C. Steel is corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant martensitic-ferritic class.

Chemical composition of steel 12Х13

Chemical element %
Silicon (Si), not more 0.8
Manganese (Mn), not more than 0.8
Copper (Cu), not more than 0.30
Nickel (Ni), not more than 0.6
Sulfur (S), not more than 0.025
Titanium (Ti), not more than 0.2
Carbon (C) 0.09−0.15
Phosphorus (P), not more than 0.030
Chrome (Cr) 12.0−14.0

Mechanical properties of steel 12X13

Heat treatment, delivery condition Section, mm σ0.2, MPa σB, MPa δ5, % ψ, % KCU, J/m2 HB
Rods. Tempering 1000−1050°C, air or oil. Tempering 700−790°C, air, oil, water. 60 410 590 20 60 88  
Grinded bars, machined to the specified strength 1−30   490−780 16      
Hot- or cold-rolled sheets. Hardening 960−1020°C, water or air. Tempering 680−780°C, air or furnace (Transverse samples) >4 340 490 21      
Annealing or tempering 740−780°C (Transverse samples) <3,9   440 21      
Forgings. Hardening 1000−1050°C, oil. Tempering 700−790°C, air. <1000 392 539 14 35 49 187−229

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

t test,°C σ0, 2, MPa σB, MPa δ5, % ψ, % KCU, J/m2
Rods. 1030−1050°C hardening, oil. Tempering at 680−700°C.
20 570−590 700−730 19−22 66−68 137−167
200 530−550 650−660 17 67 186−216
300 510−550 600−650 14−16 66−69 176−245
400 460−490 570 13−15 64−67 176−225
500 440−470 520−540 15−18 70 186−245
600 310−410 330−450 20−27 79−85 186−265
Rolled sample with diameter of 10 mm and length of 50 mm. Deformation rate 20 mm/minute. Deformation rate 0.007 1/s.
800 69 82 48 95  
900 63 78 60 81  
1000 38 53 68 90  
1100 24 33 72 96  
1200 14 20 62 95  

Mechanical properties depending on tempering temperature

t tempering temperature, °C σ0, 2, MPa σB, MPa δ5, % ψ, % HB
Tempering at 960 °C, air.
250 930 1270 15 60 360−380
540 780 980 20 65 260−350
600 620 780 22 65 210−250

Mechanical properties depending on heat treatment

Heat treatment, delivery condition σ0, 2, MPa σB, MPa δ5, % ψ, % KCU, J/m2
Cores at 20 °C. Tempering at 1000−1050°C, oil. Tempering at 750 °C.
Heat soaking at 450 °C, 5000 h. 430 630 24 71 181
Heat soak 500 °C, 5000 h 420 610 24 71 78−206
Heat soak 500 °C, 10000 h 390 610 22 63 83
Heat soak 500 °C, 20,000 h 370 610 20 52  

Mechanical properties in the long term strength test

Creep strength, MPa Creep rate, %/h t test,°C Ultimate long-term strength, MPa Test duration, h t test, h
103 1/100000 450 441 10000 450
93 1/10000 500 216 100000 450
56 1/100000 500 142 10000 500
121 1/100000 400 118 100000 500

Technological properties of steel 12X13

Forging temperature
The beginning 1230, the end 850. Sections up to 100 mm are cooled in the air, 101−350 mm - in the pits.
Weldability
Limited weldability. Welding methods: РДС, АДС under flux, АДС and КТС. Heating and heat treatment are used depending on the method of welding, type and purpose of construction.
Machinability
In the hardened and tempered state at HB 235 and σB = 730 MPa Kυ of dv.spl. = 0,8, Kυ b.st. = 0,5.
The tempering capacity
inclined .

Temperature of steel 12Х13 critical points

Critical point °С
Ac1 730
Ac3 850
Ar3 820
Ar1 700
Mn 370

Impact toughness of steel 12X13

Impact toughness, KCU, J/cm2

Delivery condition, heat treatment +20 -20 -40
Bar. Quenching 990−1050 C, oil. Tempering 740−750 C. 108−216 138 98−127

Steel hardness 12Х13

Delivery condition, heat treatment regime HRCe surface
Cementation at 950 C, 12 hours in a hard carburizer (85% birch charcoal, 10% soda, 50% barium carbonate). Hardening at 1000 C, oil. Tempering 200−250 C. 61

Endurance limit of steel 12Х13

σ-1, MPa τ-1, MPa n σ0, 2, MPa
363   1Е+7 590
  186 1Е+7 640

Corrosion properties of steel 12X13

Medium Test temperature, °C Test duration, h Depth, mm/year
Water 300 50 0,001
Seawater 0 3000 0,001
7% HNO3 solution 20 720 0,004

Heat resistance of steel 12Х13

Medium Temperature,°C Depth, mm/year Resistance group or grade
Air 600 0,02 4
Air 800 0,45 6
Air 900 1,5 Low-resistant

Physical properties of steel 12Х13

Test temperature,°C 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Modulus of normal elasticity, E, GPa 217 212 206 198 189 180        
Torsional shear modulus of elasticity G, GPa 85 80 80 77 73 68 62      
Steel density, pn, kg/m3 7720 7700 7670 7640 7620 7580 7550 7520 7490 7500
Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(m - °C)   28 28 28 28 27 26 26 25 27
Electrical resistivity (p, nominal value - m) 506 584 679 769 854 938 1021 1103    
Test temperature,°C 20−100 20−200 20−300 20−400 20−500 20−600 20−700 20−800 20−900 20−1000
Coefficient of linear expansion (a, 10−6 1/°C) 10.2 11.2 11.4 11.8 12.2 12.4 12.7 13.0 10.8 11.7
Specific heat capacity (C, J/(kg -°C)) 473 487 506 527 554 586 636 657 666