Methods of melting stainless steel
Technical characteristics
Production of stainless steel is carried out in special shops in electric furnaces, which are assigned to a particular brand. This provides the product with a quality technical characteristic. Modern production in its practice uses several methods of stainless steel melting, which differ in quantity and quality of primary material, small "technological" discrepancies and technical equipment.
The main methods of melting steel
There are several methods of melting of stainless steel in modern production. 1) Smelting using a "blending process". The basic idea is the following. One furnace melts nickel with soft iron, and a second furnace melts soft iron with ferrochrome, or remelts steel scrap. The resulting melts are mixed. 2) Remelting using low-carbon charge blooms. The essence is the joint loading of blooms of soft iron and steel scrap into the furnace. The resulting metal is refined. However, when using this method, it is necessary to prevent carburizing of the melting bath. 3) Remelting waste using oxygen. This method allows controlling the amount of carbon in the smelting process. Silicon additives play a decisive role in the technology.
History
The origins of stainless steel were smelted by oxidation. Full oxidation of the melt and impurities under the white slag was practiced. However, this method had many drawbacks, so it had to be abandoned. It was replaced by the method of partial oxidation, which involved making soft iron with a low amount of carbon directly in the furnace. This method made it possible to obtain stainless steel of the required quality in 95% of all melts, and the carbon content in the finished product was only 0.12%. There was also a method created at the Kirov Plant, so today it is called the Kirov Plant method. Its essence is that it is refined under alumina slag from ground chamotte. The Kirov plant specialists recommend having 0.25-0.35% carbon in the first samples during smelting, which is similar to the partial oxidation method. The last method was the fusion method. Its essence is described above. This method easily achieves a very low percentage of carbon.
Supplier
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