GOST 9498-79

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  ГОСТ 9498-79

GOST 9498−79 Ingots of aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys flat for rental. Technical specifications (with Changes N 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

GOST 9498−79
Group W51

INTERSTATE STANDARD

INGOTS OF ALUMINIUM
AND WROUGHT ALUMINIUM ALLOYS FLAT FOR RENTAL

Specifications

Flat ingots of aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys for rolling.
Specifications

ISS 77.120.10
OFC 1214 17th

Date of introduction 1980−01−01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of nonferrous metallurgy of the USSR

2. APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee for standards from 11.10.79 N 2410

Change No. 5 adopted by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol No. 20 dated 01.11.2001)

The adoption of the changes voted:

3. The standard fully complies ST SEV 831−86

4. REPLACE GOST 9498−71

5. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

6. Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 4−93 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 4−94)

7. EDITION Changes N 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, approved in June 1984, July 1987, October 1987, June 1989, April 2002 (IUS 11−84, 12−87, 2−88, 11−89, 7−2002)


This standard applies to flat ingots, cast aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys by semi-continuous or continuous casting, and is intended for rolling into sheets, strips and other semi-finished products.

The standard fully complies ST SEV 831−86.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3, 4).

1. ASSORTMENT

1.1. The shape and size of ingots of aluminium and wrought aluminium alloys must comply with the devil.1 or 2 table.1 and indicated in the purchase order.

The radius of curvature of the ribs (Fig.1) must not be greater than 20 mm (Fig.2) not more than 445 mm.

By agreement between manufacturer and consumer is permitted to replace plus of limit deviations for thickness and length bars sub-zero and changing the shape of the clover. Sweet clover (uncut bars) is considered (Fig.1 and 2) part of the ingot is located at a distance of not more than 200 mm from the butt end of the ingot to an imaginary line measured at the middle of the wide faces of the ingot.

Table 1*

________________
* Table 2. (Deleted, Rev. N 4).

Dimensions, mm

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 4).

1.2, 1.3. (Deleted, Rev. N 4).

1.4. The length of the ingot is determined without clover.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Ingots are made in accordance with the requirements of this standard technological instruction, duly approved.

The bars are made of aluminium GOST 11069 and aluminium alloys AD0, AD1, Amg2, Amg3, AMC, MM according to GOST 4784 and brand Amg1m1 with chemical composition in accordance with the table.3. The chemical composition of the ingots can be set by agreement with the consumer.

Table 3

In the production of ingots of aluminium of technical purity allowed the introduction of the modifier is titanium or titanium plus boron in amounts up to 0.02% for aluminum stamps A8 and up to 0.03% for aluminum grades A7, A6, A5 and A0. By agreement with the consumer allowed the increase of the mass fraction of titanium up to 0.05%. The content of the modifier is not taken into account in the total amount of impurities in determining the grade of aluminum.

Mass fraction of sodium in the alloys Amg2, Amg3 and АМгМ1 should not be more than 0.001%.

In ingots of aluminium of technical purity according to GOST 11069 ratio of iron impurities to the silicon must be at least 1. To the designation of the brand of such a metal is added the letter P. When the colored marking is added oblique stripe of the same color as the vertical stripes. At the request of the customer can be the production of ingots with respect to the impurities of iron to silicon is less than 1.

The ingots of aluminium of all grades for the manufacture of tableware, the content of lead should not be more than 0.15%, arsenic of 0.015%.

Ingots intended for the production of thin foil, are made of aluminium grades of A5 and A6, with the ratio of iron content to silicon of at least 1.5.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 4, 5).

2.2. Ingots for the production of foil intended for the manufacture of:

— high-capacity electrolytic capacitors, molded of aluminum-based brand A99 with a mass fraction of iron impurities 0,003−0,006%, silicon 0,003−0,006%, copper 0.005%, zinc not more than 0.002%, titanium not more than 0.001%, sum of impurities not more than 0,020% and marked А99КВ;

oxide nizkoomnyj capacitors, molded of aluminum-based brand A99 with a mass fraction of admixtures of copper no more than 0.005% and marked А99КН.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

2.3. To receive rental with special properties by agreement with the consumer allowed the alloying of aluminium additives, the content of which is specified in the document on quality and not taken into account when determining the grade of aluminum.

2.4. The bars are supplied without the trim ends and surface milling. By agreement with the consumer it is possible to supply bars with the ends trimmed, cut into dimensional parts with machined surface, and also ingots in gomogenizirovannykh condition.

Ingots intended for the manufacture of thin foil, are supplied with cropped bottom part of 250mm and a Gating part for 150mm.

2.5. The bars must be uniform in structure. Bars should be no holes, cracks, gas bubbles, porosity, and delamination.

On the macrosections of cross-sections of the ingots are not allowed the inclusion of an area of more than 1 mmeach in the amount given in table.4.

Table 4

For bars with a thickness of over 400 mm, a width of over 1200 mm acceptable number of inclusions on macrolife cross section of the ingot is set in consultation with the consumer.

For ingots for the production of thin foil stamps A6 and A5, the value of stegdetect should not be more than 0.5 mm/cm.

Raw edge zone of ingots from wrought aluminium alloys are allowed then a depth not exceeding the values given in table.5.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3, 4, 5).

2.6. The raw surface of the ingots must be free of holes, cracks, Nikitin and foreign inclusions.

On the small sides and edges of the ingots are allowed dents from the grips of the lifting mechanism.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 4).

2.7. Permissible surface defects of ingots (nodules, melitini on the rounding of the edges, cutting and Stripping marks, dents) should not exceed given in table.5.

Table 5

At customer’s request, the height (depth) of the surface defects from ingots of aluminium should not exceed 2 mm for ingots with thickness up to 200 mm inclusive, 3 mm bars thickness greater than 200 mm.

For aluminum alloy ingots cast in an electromagnetic mold, allowed waviness with the wave height of not more than 5 mm.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3, 4).

2.8. At the bottom of the uncut ingots at a distance of not more than 150 mm from the imaginary line (Fig.1 or 2) should not be intersecting to a depth of more than 15 mm in ingots of aluminum and aluminum alloys; cracks with a length of 70 mm and a width of more than 3 mm SAG height of more than 8 mm in ingots of aluminum alloys.

Allowed cracks, Nikitiny, nodules, traces of cutting and Stripping at the clover ingots of aluminium and aluminium alloys (Fig.1 or 2).

2.9. Gating the surface of the uncut ingots should not have porosity and foreign inclusions.

Depth shrinkage should not exceed 15 mm for bars up to 300 mm thick incl.; 30 mm — for billets with thickness more than 300 mm to 450 mm incl.; 60 mm — for billets with thickness more than 450 mm to 600 mm incl.

Allowed traces of the cutting and Stripping of the oxide films on the Gating surface.

2.8, 2.9. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 4).

2.10. The curvature along the length of the ingot (for narrow and wide sides) must not be more than 5 mm per 1 m length, at the customer’s request — 3 mm per 1 m length.

The curvature along the length of the ingots used for the production of thin foil, should not be more than 3 mm per 1 m length.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

2.11. Cut end Squareness, mm bars with cut ends or cut into dimensional parts with widths up to 800 mm inclusive shall not exceed 10 mm, for bars of width up to 1500 mm inclusive — 15 mm and for bars with a width more than 1500 mm — 20 mm.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.12. The hydrogen content of the melt during casting the ingots should not be more than:

0,17 cm/100 g of metal aluminum;

0.25 cm/100 g of metal for the alloy AMC;

0.30 cm/100 g of metal for the alloy MM;

0,35 cm/100 g of metal for alloys Amg2 and Amg1m1;

0,40 cm/100 g of metal for the alloy Amg3.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).

2.13−2.13.1. (Deleted, Rev. N 4).

2.13.2. (Deleted, Rev. N 2).

2.13.3. (Deleted, Rev. N 4).

2.14. Curl flat bars is installed at the customer’s request.

(Added, Rev. N 3).

2A. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

2A.1. Aluminium and its alloys in form of ingots of low-toxicity, fire and explosion proof.

2A.2. Aluminium and its alloys are substances of the 3rd hazard class according to GOST 12.1.005, GOST 12.1.007 and the effects on the body are moderately hazardous substances predominantly fibrogenic action. Inhalation of fumes and dust of aluminium and its alloys can affect the upper respiratory tract and lungs to get irritated mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, eyes, and also to develop eczema and dermatitis.

The maximum permissible concentration of aerosols of aluminium and its alloys (in terms of aluminum) in the air of working zone () — 2 mg/m.

2A.3. Aluminium and its alloys in form of ingots conductive, should avoid contact of the product with the wires under voltage.

2A.4. In terms of production must comply with the rules of General and personal hygiene and safety, avoid inhalation of dust and vapors of the molten metal, contact with eyes and skin. When you work should use personal protective equipment: respirators — according to GOST 12.4.028, dustproof clothing according to GOST 12.4.099 and GOST 12.4.100, points — according to GOST 12.4.013*. When working with bars of aluminum and aluminum alloys at the points of the long-term storage the use of special means of protection are required.
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.013−97**.

** From 1 July 2008 on the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.230.1−2007. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

When melting ingots or recyclable waste must be provided with the drying bars and waste before loading into the melting furnace.

2B. REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2B.1. Under normal conditions of storage and transportation of aluminium and its alloys in form of ingots with no harmful effects on the environment.

2B.2. Harmful effects on the environment may occur as a result of discharges and emissions of polluting substances in the production process in emergency situations (fire, explosion, flood).

In contact with aluminium and its alloys in the form of ingots into water, when exposed to aggressive substances (acid, lye) possible leaching of aluminium with the formation of aluminates, which has toxic impact on flora and fauna.

2B.3. The average daily maximum permissible concentration in air of residential areas () of aluminium and its alloys are not regulated, aluminum oxide (in terms of aluminum) is 0.01 mg/m.

The maximum allowable concentration of aluminium in water of water objects of drinking and cultural-domestic usage () — 0.5 mg/L.

The maximum allowable concentration of aluminium in water of fishery water bodies () is 0.04 mg/L.

2B.4. Substandard products and waste must return in manufacturing (remelting).

Sec. 2A, 2B. (Added, Rev. N 5).

3. ACCEPTANCE RULES

3.1. Bars show the acceptance by the parties. The party shall consist of ingots of one size and one brand of aluminium or alloy.

The party, intended for the production of thin foil, should be no more than three ingots cast simultaneously.

Batch of ingots is accompanied by a document about quality that contains:

is the trademark or name and trademark of manufacturer;

— brand aluminum or alloy (ingots intended for the production of foil of aluminum grades of A5 and A6, further specify the ratio of iron impurities to the silicon);

— the batch number;

— number of heats;

— number of ingots in the melt;

— the weight of the batch;

— the number of ingots;

the results of determining chemical composition of each heat, the hydrogen content and the amount of stegdetect (for the heats in which they were defined);

— the designation of this standard.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 4).

3.2. The control of dimensions and surface quality should be performed on every ingot of the party.

Control of curvature and perpendicularity of the cutting plane is subjected to 10% ingots from the party, but not less than two ingots.

Curl bars define two ingots from the party.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).

3.3. Control of chemical composition is subjected to 3% bars party, but not less than two bars from each batch and one ingot from each heat.

For the manufacturer to control the chemical composition of selected samples from molten metal from each melting furnace taphole filler.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3.4. Mass fraction of sodium in the casting of ingots of aluminum is determined periodically, but not less than one definition for the 100 heats. At the request of the consumer the determination of sodium is performed once a day from each filling of the furnace.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).

3.5. To control the radius of curvature of the ribs, internal defects and stegdetect select at least three bars on the 100 heats. The determination is carried out periodically at the request of the consumer.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

3.6. The hydrogen content in the casting of ingots of aluminum is determined periodically, but not less than one definition a day from each filling of the furnace on samples taken from molten metal.

The hydrogen content in ingots, intended for the production of thin foil, is determined for each batch of ingots on samples taken from molten metal from the gutter after refining.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 4).

3.6. The hydrogen content in ingots of alloys AMC, MM, Amg2, Amg3 and Amg1m1 and mass fraction of sodium in the ingots of alloys Amg2, Amg3, Amg1m1 determine in each cast and indicate in the document about quality.

(Added, Rev. N 4).

3.7. If unsatisfactory test results of at least one indicator thereon, a second test of the doubled sample taken from the same batch. The results of repeated tests apply to the entire party.

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. The length of the ingot is measured by measuring tape according to GOST 7502 or ruler according to GOST 427 from the Gating part by narrow side to clover.

The width and thickness of the ingot is measured by measuring tape according to GOST 7502 or ruler according to GOST 427. The width of the ingot is measured at the end of runner portion along the Central axis. The thickness of the ingot is measured at two points in the side Gating parts at a distance of 150−200 mm from the narrow sides with a ruler according to GOST 427. Each dimension must match (table.1).

The curvature of the ingot is determined with the help of steel wire with a diameter of not less than 0.2 mm according to GOST 2771, taut without sagging and applied along the ingot from the Gating part to a point distant 150 mm from the imaginary line of clover (Fig.1). The maximum measured deviation of the wire from the surface of the ingot in () are in millimeters metal ruler according to GOST 427, GOST gauges 162 or probes for NTD. The curvature of the ingot is calculated by dividing the value of deviation in millimeters for the length of the measured part of the ingot, expressed in meters.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 4, 5).

4.2. To check the depth or height of irregularities, Nikitin and nodules on the surface of ingots shall be applied to the depth gauge indicator according to GOST 7661 or gauges according to GOST 162. To check the perpendicularity of the cutting plane to the longitudinal axis of the ingot used the metal square according to GOST 3749 and measuring ruler according to GOST 427. Allowed the use of other measuring instruments that provide the appropriate precision.

Cut end Squareness, mm () is determined by the deviation of the line of cut on the wide edge from a straight angle (Fig.4). The deviation of the cutting plane from the right angle expressed in millimeters.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

4.3. The inspection of the surface of ingots produced without the use of magnifying tools.

4.4. Control of internal defects is carried out on macrosections of cross-templates ingots.

Damn.4*

_______________
* Hell.3. (Deleted, Rev. N 4).


Template needs to be cut out at a distance equal to and exceeding the thickness of the ingot from the end of the Gating part and an imaginary line clover. Allowed to conduct inspection of internal defects on the macrosections only the consumer.

For the manufacture of macrosections template machine. The roughness of the processed surface should be not more than 20 µm according to GOST 2789.

Etched macrosections spend 10−20% sodium hydroxide solution for 10−30 min at room temperature not below 15 °C. After etching, the surface of the investigated template was washed thoroughly with water and bleached 25−50% nitric acid solution to remove the dark patina, followed by rinsing in water. Inspection of macrolife carried out without the use of magnifying tools.

To control stegdetect from the Central cross of the templates cut out samples of size 50x100 mm.

Samples heated to temperature of 380−400 °C, after which precipitated in length with the degree of deformation of 70 to 75% and cut in half perpendicular to the General plane. The resulting surface is mechanically treated. The roughness of the processed surface should be not more than 20 µm according to GOST 2789. The surface etched 20% sodium hydroxide solution for 40−50 min at room temperature 30−40 °C.

The size of the strokes is determined by using Vernier caliper according to GOST 166 without the use of magnifying tools.

The amount of strokes is determined by dividing the total length of strokes in millimeters of the area of macrolife in cm.

Allowed inspection of internal defects by ultrasound and hot rolling by the method agreed between the manufacturer and the customer.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 4, 5).

4.5. The test of chemical composition is carried out according to GOST 12697.1−12697.12 GOST, GOST 3221, GOST 23189, 11739.6 GOST, GOST 11739.7, 11739.11 GOST-GOST 11739.13, 11739.15 GOST, GOST 11739.20, 11739.21 GOST, GOST 11739.24, 7727 GOST, GOST 25086.

Allowed to determine the chemical composition by other methods of equal accuracy specified above.

The differences in the evaluation of the chemical composition analysis is carried out according to GOST 12697.1−12697.12 GOST, GOST 3221, GOST 23189, 11739.6 GOST, GOST 11739.7, 11739.11 GOST-GOST 11739.13, 11739.15 GOST, GOST 11739.20, 11739.21 GOST, GOST 11739.24, 7727 GOST, GOST 25086.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 4).

4.6. Selection and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition is carried out according to GOST GOST 24231и 3221, ingots of high-purity aluminium, with the subsequent washing of the chip with alcohol and two-time amanicangel iron.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 4).

4.7. The hydrogen content is determined according to GOST 21132.0 or GOST 21132.1. The differences in the assessment of hydrogen content determination is carried out according to GOST 21132.1.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 4).

4.8. Curl bars is determined according to GOST 26877.

(Added, Rev. N 3).

5. MARKING, PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. At the end of each ingot must be marked with the following information:

is the trademark or name and trademark of manufacturer;

— number of melt;

— the number of the ingot (not affixed, if melting consists of a single ingot);

— grade aluminium or grade.

The melting number and the number of the ingot is applied with a metal stamp. The height of the letters and figures shall be not less than 10 mm. the Rest of notation is applied with a metal stamp or indelible ink.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 4).

5.2. (Deleted, Rev. N 1).

5.3. Ingots weighing up to 590 kg transporterowych in packages weighing not more than 3 T. the Formation of packages of ingots is carried out according to NTD. Each package should be fastened with studs, the amount of which depends on the mass of the package. For packages not exceeding a mass of 1 t the number of studs must not be less than 4; for packages weighing not more than 2 tonnes not less than 6; for packages with a mass not exceeding 3 t — 8.

As materials for bonding packages used aluminum rod with a diameter of not less than 9 mm according to GOST 13843, or other normative and technical documentation or annealed steel wire of diameter not less than 6 mm according to GOST 3282. The mass of the aluminum rod used for the strapping of packages included in the net weight of the package and the party.

Funds bond packages are not designed to capture packets while performing loading and unloading operations.

Ingots with a mass of 500 kg and more no package.

Ingots and bars packages are transported by rail, sea and road transport in accordance with cargo carriage regulations applicable to transport of this species.

Rail ingots with a mass of 500 kg and bags of ingots, weighing not more than 1 t transporterowych in covered wagons.

Ingots weighing more than 500 kg, and packages of ingots weighing more than 1 ton transportyour on the open rolling stock.

Stowage and securing of cargoes transported by rail, must comply with the rules of carriage and securing, approved by the Ministry of Railways.

Preparation of ingots for carriage by sea transport — in accordance with GOST 26653.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 5).

5.4. Transport labeling or package bars — according to GOST 14192.

5.5. Aluminum ingots are stored in covered warehouses. Allowed storage of ingots of technical cleanliness in outdoor areas.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).