GOST 1583-93

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  ГОСТ 1583-93

GOST 1583−93 Alloys aluminum casting. Specifications

GOST 1583−93

Group W51

INTERSTATE STANDARD

ALLOY ALUMINUM CASTING

Specifications

Aluminium casting alloys. Specifications

ISS 77.120.10
GST 17 1221
17 1321

Date of introduction 1997−01−01

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the Donetsk state Institute of non-ferrous metals

SUBMITTED to the State Committee of Ukraine for standardization, Metrology and certification

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification Protocol No. 4 dated October 21, 1993

The adoption voted:

The name of the state	The name of the national authority for standardization
The Republic Of Armenia	Armastajad
The Republic Of Belarus	Gosstandart Of Belarus
The Republic Of Kazakhstan	Gosstandart Of The Republic Of Kazakhstan
The Republic Of Moldova	Moldovastandart
The Republic Of Turkmenistan	The main state inspection of Turkmenistan
Russian Federation	Gosstandart Of Russia
The Republic Of Uzbekistan	Standards
Ukraine	Gosstandart Of Ukraine

3 Decree of the Russian Federation Committee on standardization, Metrology and certification dated June 19, 1996, 402 N interstate standard GOST 1583−93 introduced directly as state standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 1997

4 REPLACE GOST 1583−89

5 EDITION with Amendments (ICS 6−98, 3−2000, 7−2004)

1 Scope

This standard applies to aluminum casting alloys in ingots (metal charge) and in castings manufactured for the needs of the national economy and exports.

The requirements of 3.3, 4.3.5 and 4.3.6 of this standard are mandatory.

Terms used in the standard and their definitions are given in Appendix A.

(Amendment I & C 6−98).

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The present standard features references to the following standards:

GOST 12.1.005−88 standards System of labor safety. General hygiene requirements for working zone air

GOST 12.1.007−76 System of standards of occupational safety. Harmful substances. Classification and General safety requirements

GOST 12.2.009−80 standards System of labor safety. Metalworking. General safety requirements

GOST 12.4.013−85* the System of occupational safety standards. Glasses protective. General specifications
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.013−97**.

** From 1 July 2008 on the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.230.1−2007. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 12.4.021−75 System safety standards. System ventilation. General requirements

GOST 1497−84 Metals. Test methods tensile

GOST 1762.0−71 Silumin ingots. General requirements for methods of analysis

GOST 1762.1−71 Silumin ingots. Methods for determination of silicon

GOST 1762.2−71 Silumin ingots. Methods of iron determination

GOST 1762.3−71 Silumin ingots. Methods for determination of calcium

GOST 1762.4−71 Silumin ingots. Methods for determination of titanium

GOST 1762.5−71 Silumin ingots. Methods for determination of manganese

GOST 1762.6−71 Silumin ingots. Methods for determination of copper

GOST 1762.7−71 Silumin ingots. Methods for determination of zinc

GOST 7727−81 aluminum-based Alloys. Methods of spectral analysis

GOST 9012−59 Metals. Method of measuring hardness Brinell hardness

GOST 11739.1−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of aluminium oxide

GOST 11739.2−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods of boron determination

GOST 11739.3−99 Alloys aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of beryllium

GOST 11739.4−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of bismuth

GOST 11739.5−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of vanadium

GOST 11739.6−99 Alloys aluminum casting and wrought. Methods of iron determination

GOST 11739.7−99 Alloys aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of silicon

GOST 11739.8−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Method of determining potassium

GOST 11739.9−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of cadmium

GOST 11739.10−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Method for the determination of lithium

GOST 11739.11−98 Alloys, aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of magnesium

GOST 11739.12−98 Alloys, aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of manganese

GOST 11739.13−98 Alloys, aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of copper

GOST 11739.14−99 Alloys aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of arsenic

GOST 11739.15−99 Alloys aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of sodium

GOST 11739.16−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of Nickel

GOST 11739.17−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of tin

GOST 11739.18−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Method for determination of lead

GOST 11739.19−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of antimony

GOST 11739.20−99 Alloys aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of titanium

GOST 11739.21−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for determination of chromium

GOST 11739.22−90 Alloys aluminium cast and wrought. Methods for the determination of rare earth elements and yttrium

GOST 11739.23−99 Alloys aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of zirconium

GOST 11739.24−98 Alloys, aluminum casting and wrought. Methods for determination of zinc

GOST 13843−78 aluminum wire Rod. Specifications

GOST 14192−96 Marking of cargo

GOST 21132.0−75 aluminum and aluminum alloys. Method for the determination of hydrogen content in liquid metal

GOST 21132.1−98 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Methods for determination of hydrogen in solid metal-vacuum-heating

GOST 21399−75 Packages transport of pigs, cathodes and ingots of non-ferrous metals. General requirements

GOST 21650−76 means of fastening of package cargoes in transport packages. General requirements

GOST 24231−80 non-ferrous metals and alloys. General requirements to selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis

GOST 24597−81 the packaged goods. Basic parameters and dimensions

GOST 25086−87 non-ferrous metals and their alloys. General requirements for methods of analysis

3 STAMPS

3.1 Brand and chemical composition of aluminum casting alloys shall be as given in table 1.


Table 1

The group of alloy	Grade	View products tion	Mass fraction, %
			the main components							impurity, not more than										consider amount of impurities
			magnesium	silicon	manganese	copper	titanium	Nickel	aluminum	iron			Mar Ganz	copper	zinc	Nickel	lead	tin	cream niya	Z,	To	D
										Z,	To	D
I (Based alloys of the system aluminum- silicon magnesium)	AK12 (AL2)	Pig Casting	-	10−13	-	-	-	-	Basis	0,7 0,7	0,7 1,0	0,7 1,5	0,5	0,60	0,30	Magnesium 0,10	Titanium 0,10	-	Circo- niya 0,10	2,1 2,1	2,1 2,2	2,1 2,7
	AK13 (AK13)	Pig Casting	Of 0.01−0.2 0,1−0,2	11,0−13,5 11,0−13,5	0,01−0,5 0,1−0,5	-	-	-	«	0,9 0,9	0,9 1,0	0,9 1,1	-	0,10	0,15	-	Titanium 0,20	-	-	1,35 1,35	1,35 1,45	1,35 1.55 V
	AK9 (AK9)	Pig Casting	0,25−0,45 0,2−0,4	8−11	0,2−0,5	-	-	-	«	0,8 0,9	0,8 1,2	0,8 1,3	-	1,0	0,5	0,3	-	-	-	2,4 2,6	2,4 2,8	2,4 3,0
	Ak9s (Ak9s)	Pig Casting	0,2−0,35	8−10,5	0,2−0,5	-	-	-	«	0,7 0,7	0,7 0,9	0,7 1,0	-	0,5	0,3	0,1	0,05	0,01	-	1,35 1,35	1,35 1,7	1,35 1,8
	Ak9ch (АЛ4)	Pig Casting	0,2−0,35 0,17−0,30	8−10,5	0,2−0,5	-	-	-	«	0,5 0,6	0,5 0,9	0,5 1,0	Circo- niya + titanium 0,12 0,15	0,3 0,3	0,3 0,3	0,10	0,03 0,05	0,008 0,01	Beryl- Leah 0,10	1,1 1,1	1,1 1,4	1,1 1,5
	Ak9pch (АЛ4−1)	Pig Casting	0,25−0,35 0,23−0,30	9−10,5	0,2−0,35	-	0,08−0,15	-	«	0,3	0,3	0,3	Bora 0,1	0,10	0,30	Beryl- Leah 0,1	0,03	0,005	Circo- niya 0,15	0,6	0,6	0,6
	Ak8l (АЛ34)	Pig Casting	0,40−0,60 0,35−0,55	6,5−8,5	-	-	0,1−0,3	Beryl- Leah 0,15- 0,4	Basis	0,5 0,6	0,5 0,6	-	0,10	0,3	0,30	-	Bora 0,10	Circo- niya 0,20	-	0,9 1,0	0,9 1,0	-
	AK7 (AK7)	Pig Casting	0,2−0,55 0,2−0,5	6,0−8,0	0,2−0,6	-	-	-	«	1,0 1,1	1,0 1,2	1,0 1,3	-	1,5	0,5	0,3	-	-	-	3,0 3,1	3,0 3,2	3,0 3,3
	Ak7ch (АЛ9)	Pig Casting	0,25−0,45 0,2−0,4	6,0−8,0	-	-	-	-	«	0,5 0,6	0,5 1,0	0,5 1,5	0,5	0,20	0,30	Titanium + Circo- niya 0,15	0,05	0,01	Beryl- Leah 0,1	1,0 1,1	1,0 1,5	1,0 2,0
	Ak7pch (АЛ9−1)	Pig Casting	0,25−0,45 0,25−0,40	Of 7.0−8.0	-	-	0,08−0,15	-	«	0,3	0,4	0,5	0,10	0,10	0,20	Boron of 0.1 Circo- niya 0,15	0,03	0,005	Beryl- Leah 0,1	0,6	0,7	0,8
	Ak10su (Ak10su)	Pig Casting	0,15−0,55 0,1−0,5	9−11	0,3−0,6	-	-	Antimony 0,1−0,25	«	-	-	1,1 1,2	-	1,8	1,8	0,5	-	-	-	-	-	4,6 4,8
II (Based alloys of the system aluminum — silicon- copper)	AK5M (АЛ5)	Pig Casting	0,4−0,65 0,35−0,6	4.5 to 5.5	-	1.0 to 1.5	-	-	Basis	0,6 0,6	0,6 1,0	0,6 1,5	0,5	-	0,3	Titanium + Circo- niya 0,15	-	0,01	Beryl- Leah 0,1	0,9 1,0	0,9 1,3	0,9 1,7
	Ak5mch (АЛ5−1)	Pig Casting	0,45−0,60 0,40−0,55	4.5 to 5.5	-	1.0 to 1.5	0,08−0,15	-	The same	0,3	0,4	0,5	0,1	-	0,3	Circo- niya 0,15	Bora 0,1	0,01	-	0,6	0,7	0,8
	AK5M2 (AK5M2)	Pig Casting	0,2−0,85 0,2−0,8	4,0−6,0	0,2−0,8	1,5−3,5	0,05−0,20	-	«	1,0 1,0	1,0 1,3	1,0 1,3	-	-	1,5	0,5	-	-	-	2,8 2,8	2,8 3,0	2,8 3,0
	AK5M7 (AK5M7)	Pig Casting	0,3−0,6 0,2−0,5	4.5 to 6.5	-	6,0−8,0	-	-	«	1,1 1,2	1,1 1,2	1,1 1,3	0,5	-	0,6	0,5	Lead + tin + antimony of 0.3			2,6 2,7	2,6 2,7	2,6 3,0
	AK6M2 (AK6M2)	Pig Casting	0,35−0,50 Of 0.30−0.45	5.5 to 6.5	-	1,8−2,3	0,1−0,2	-	«	0,5 0,6	0,5 0,6	-	0,1	-	0,06	0,05	-	-	-	0,7	0,7	-
	AK8M (АЛ32)	Pig Casting	0,35−0,55 0,3−0,5	7,5−9	0,3−0,5	1.0 to 1.5	0,1−0,3	-	«	0,6 0,7	0,6 0,8	0,6 0,9	-	-	0,30	-	-	-	Circo- niya 0,1	0,8 0,9	0,8 1,0	0,8 1,1
	AK5M4 (AK5M4)	Pig Casting	0,25−0,55 0,2−0,5	3,5−6,0	0,2−0,6	3,0−5,0	0,05−0,20	-	Basis	1,0 1,0	1,0 1,2	1,0 1,4	-	-	1,5	0,5	-	-	-	2,8 2,8	2,8 3,0	2,8 3,2
	AK8M3 (AK8M3)	Pig Casting	-	7,5−10	-	2,0−4,5	-	-	The same	-	-	1,3	0,5	Magnesium 0,45	1,2	0,5	Lead + tin 0,3	-	-	-	-	4,1 4,2
	Ak8m3ch (ВАЛ8)	Pig Casting	0,25−0,50 0,2−0,45	7,0−8,5	Zinc 0,5−1,0	2,5−3,5	0,1−0,25	Bora 0,005- 0,1; beryl- Leah 0,05- 0,25	«	0,4	0,4	0,4	Cadmium 0,15	-	Circo- niya 0,15	-	-	-	-	0,6	0,6	0,6
	AK9M2 (AK9M2)	Pig Casting	0,25−0,85 0,2−0,8	7,5−10	0,1−0,4	0,5−2,0	0,05−0,20	-	«	-	0,9 1,0	0,9 1,2	-	-	1,2	0,5	Lead + tin 0,15	-	Chrome 0,1	-	2,5 2,6	2,5 2,8
	AK12M2 (АК11М2, AK12M2, АК12М2р)	Pig Casting	-	11−13	-	1,8−2,5	Iron 0,6−0,9 0,6−1,0	-	Basis	-	-	-	0,5	Magnesium 0,20 0,15	0,8	0,3	0,15	0,1	Titanium 0,20	-	-	2,1 2,2
	Ak12mmgn (АЛ30)	Pig Casting	0,85−1,35 0,8−1,3	11−13	-	0,8−1,5	-	0,8−1,3	The same	-	0,6 0,7	-	Chrome 0,2	-	0,2	Mar Ganz 0,2	0,05	0,01	Titanium 0,20	-	1,0 1,1	-
	Ak12m2mgn (АЛ25)	Pig Casting	0,85−1,35 0,8−1,3	11−13	0,3−0,6	1,5−3,0	0,05−0,20	0,8−1,3	«	-	0,7 0,8	-	Chrome 0,2	-	0,5	-	0,10	0,02	-	-	1,2 1,3	-
	AK21M2, 5N2,5 (UCILS-2)	Pig Casting	0,3−0,6 0,2−0,5	20−22	0,2−0,4	2,2−3,0	0,1−0,3	2,2−2,8 Chrome 0,2−0,4	«	-	0,5 0,9	-	-	-	0,2	-	0,05	0,01	-	-	0,7 1,1	-
III (Based alloys of the system aluminum- copper)	AM5 (AL 19)	Pig Casting	-	-	0,6−1,0	4,5−5,3	0,15−0,35	-	«	0,15 0,20	0,15 0,30	-	Magnesium 0,05	-	0,20	0,10	Circo- niya 0,20	-	0,30	0,9	0,9	-
	AM4,5kd (ВАЛ10)	Pig Casting	-	-	0,35−0,8	4.5 to 5.1	0,15−0,35	Cadmium 0,07- 0,25	«	0,10 0,15	0,10 0,15	-	Magnesium 0,05	-	0,1	-	Circo- niya 0,15	-	0,20	0,60	0,60	-
IV (Based alloys of the system aluminum- magnesium)	Amg4k1,5M (Amg4k1, 5M1)	Pig Casting	4,5−5,2	1,3−1,7	0,6−0,9	0,7−1,0	0,10−0,25	Beryl- Leah 0,002- 0,004	Basis	-	0,30 0,40	-	-	-	0,1	-	-	-	-	-	0,1 0,3	-
	Amg5k (AL 13)	Pig Casting	4.5 to 5.5	0,8−1,3	0,1−0,4	-	-	-	The same	0,4 0,5	0,4 0,5	0,4 1,5	-	0,10	0,20	-	Circo- niya 0,15	-	-	0,5 0,6	0,5 0,6	0,5 1,8
	Amg5mc (АЛ28)	Pig Casting	4,8−6,3	-	0,4−1,0	-	0,05−0,15	-	«	0,25 0,30	0,25 0,40	0,25 0,5	-	0,30	-	-	Circo- niya 0,10	-	0,30	0,4 0,5	0,4 0,6	0,4 0,7
	Amg6l (АЛ23)	Pig Casting	6,0−7,0	Zirconia 0,05−0,20	Beryllium 0,02−0,10	-	0,05−0,15	-	«	0,20	0,20	-	0,10	0,15	0,10	-	-	-	0,20	0,50	0,50	-
	Amg6lch (АЛ23−1)	Pig Casting	6,0−7,0	Zirconia 0,05−0,20	Beryllium 0,02−0,10	-	0,05−0,15	-	«	0,05	0,05	-	0,10	0,05	0,05	-	-	-	0,05	0,20	0,20	-
	Amg10 (АЛ27)	Pig Casting	For 9.5−10.5	Zirconia 0,05−0,20	Beryllium 0,05−0,15	-	0,05−0,15	-	«	0,20	0,20	0,20	0,10	0,15	0,10	-	-	-	0,20	0,50	0,50	0,50
	Amg10ch (АЛ27−1)	Pig Casting	For 9.5−10.5	-	-	Beryl- Leah 0,05−0,15	0,05−0,15	Circo- niya 0,05- 0,20	Basis	0,05	0,05	0,05	0,1	0,05	0,005	-	-	-	0,05	0,20	0,20	0,20
	Amg11 (АЛ22)	Pig Casting	10,5−13,0	0,8−1,2	-	-	0,05−0,15	Beryl- Leah 0,03- 0,07	The same	0,4 0,5	0,9 1,0	1,1 1,2 CIR- koniya 0,2	-	-	0,10	-	-	-	-	0,5 0,6	1,0 1,1	1,2 1,3
	Amg7 (АЛ29)	Pig Casting	6,0−8,0	0,5−1,0	0,25−0,60	-	-	-	«	-	-	0,8 0,9	-	0,1	0,2	Beryl- Leah 0,01	-	-	-	-	-	0,9 1,0
V (Based alloys of the system aluminum — other components- substrates)	AK7C9 (АЛ11)	Pig Casting	0,15−0,35 0,1−0,3	6,0−8,0	Zinc 7,0−12,0	-	-	-	«	0,7 0,7	0,7 1,2	0,7 1,5	0,5	0,60	-	-	-	-	-	1,7 1,7	1,7 1,9	1,7 2,5
	AK9C6 (АК9Ц6р)	Pig Casting	0,35−0,55 0,3−0,5	8−10	0,1−0,6	0,3−1,5	Zinc Of 5.0−7.0	Jelly for 0,3- 1,0	«	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,3	Lead + tin 0,3	-	-	-	0,6	-
	Ac4mg (АЛ24)	Pig Casting	1,55−2,05 1,5−2,0	-	0,2−0,5	Zinc 3,5−4,5	0,1−0,2	-	«	0,50	-	-	-	0,20	Beryl- Leah 0,10	Circo- niya 0,10	-	-	0,30	0,90	-	-
Notes 1 Marking of grades: h — net; PCH — high purity; very high purity; l — cast alloys; with selective. In brackets designations of grades according to GOST 1583, OST 48−178 and technical conditions. 2 Designation of methods of casting: S — sand casting; In — molding on melted models; K — chill casting; D — die-casting. Consider amount of impurities for casting also applies to casting in shell molds. 3 is allowed to determine the mass percent of impurities in the alloys in the manufacture of castings from metal stock of a known composition (excluding Fe). 4 the application of alloy grades AK12 (AL2) and Amg5mc and (АЛ28) for parts operating in sea water, the mass fraction of copper should not exceed: grade AK12 (AL2) and 0.30% in grade Amg5mc (АЛ28) — 0,1% 5 in the application of alloys for casting under pressure is allowed in the alloy of the brand AK7C9 (АЛ11) lack of magnesium in the alloy brand Amg11 (АЛ22) the magnesium content of 8.0 to 13.0%, silicon 0,8−1,6%, manganese up to 0.5% and the absence of titanium. 6 the grades AK5M7 (А5М7), Amg5k (АЛ13), Amg10 (АЛ27), Amg10ch (АЛ27−1) are not recommended for new designs. 7 In alloy Ak8m3ch (ВАЛ8) allowed the absence of boron, provided that the level of mechanical characteristics specified in this standard. In the manufacture of parts made of alloy Ak8m3ch (ВАЛ8) by the method of liquid stamping mass fraction of iron should be not more than 0.4%. 8 During die casting of the alloy Ak8l (АЛ34) allowed the lower limit of the mass fraction of beryllium to 0.06%, increase allowable mass fraction of iron up to 1.0% at the total mass fraction of impurities is not more than 1.2% and the absence of titanium. 9 For modifying structure in alloys Ak9ch (АЛ4), Ak9pch (АЛ4−1), Ak7ch (АЛ9), Ak7pch (АЛ9−1) allowed the introduction of strontium to 0.08%. 10 Impurity, denoted by a dash, are taken into account in the total amount of impurities, the content of each element does not exceed 0,020%. 11 Refined alloys in ingots denoted by the letter «p» which is placed after the designation of the grade alloy. 12 In the order, design documentation, marking of castings are allowed to specify the brand of the alloy without additional designation marks in brackets or mark indicated in the brackets. 13 By agreement with consumer it is permitted to produce ingots, whose composition by weight fractions the individual elements (major components and impurities) different from the one in table 1. 14 When applying the alloy for casting under pressure is allowed in the alloy Amg7 (АЛ29) the impurity content of the beryllium to 0.03% silicon up to 1.5%. 15 In alloy grade Amg11 (АЛ22) allowed no titanium. 16 Alloys, intended for the manufacture of food purposes, marked with the letter «P» which is placed after the designation of alloy grades.

(Amendments ICS 3−2000, 7−2004).

3.2 Silumin ingots are manufactured with the following chemical composition:

Ak12ch (POWER-1) — silicon 10−13%, aluminum — based impurities, %, max: iron — 0,50, manganese — 0,40, calcium — 0,08, titanium and 0.13, copper — 0,02, zinc — 0.06;

Ak12pch (SIL-0) — silicon 10−13%, aluminum — based impurities, %, max: iron — 0.35, manganese — 0,08, calcium 0,08 titanium — 0,08, copper — 0,02, zinc — 0.06;

Ak12och (- 00) — silicon 10−13%, aluminum — based impurities, %, max: iron — 0,20, manganese — 0,03; calcium — 0,04, titanium — 0,03, copper — 0,02, zinc — 0,04;

Ak12zh (POWER-2) — silicon 10−13%, aluminum — based impurities, %, not more; iron — 0,7; manganese — 0.5, calcium — 0,2 titanium — 0.2, copper — 0,03, zinc — 0,08.

By agreement between manufacturer and consumer in the silumin brand Ak12zh (POWER-2) allowed the iron content up to 0.9%, manganese up to 0.8%, titanium up to 0.25%.

3.3 For the manufacture of food purposes used alloy AK7, AK5M2, AK9, AK12. The use of other grades of alloys for the manufacture of products and equipment intended for contact with food products and environments in each case should be permitted by the health authorities.

In aluminium alloys intended for the manufacture of products food products, the mass fraction of lead should not be more than 0.15%, arsenic — not more than 0,015%, zinc — not more than 0.3%, beryllium is not more than 0.0005%.

4 ALLOYS IN INGOTS (METAL CHARGE)

4.1 Technical requirements

4.1.1 Alloys must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard technological instruction, duly approved.

4.1.2 Alloys manufactured in the form of ingots weighing up to 20 kg, by agreement with the consumer — weighing more than 200 kg and the melt.

4.1.3 On the surface of the ingots should not be slag and other foreign inclusions that are visible to the naked eye.

Allowed shrinkage cracks (pigs weighing more than 200 kg), traces of Stripping and cutting.

Allowed on the surface of pigs by the presence of paint used for painting molds.

The total surface area occupied by the oxide film and plenary on ingots of aluminum-silicon alloys should not exceed 5% of the entire surface of the ingots.

Allowed on the surface of the ingots hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys, segregation of silicon and mihloti.

4.1.4 fracture ingots weighing up to 20 kg are not allowed slag and other foreign inclusions visible to the naked eye.

Permitted in the fracture of silicon formed in the process of crystallization of aluminum-silicon alloys.

4.1.5 refined Ingots of the alloys are made by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.

In refined alloys the hydrogen content should be not more than 0.25 cm/100 g of metal for doauthenticate of silumin, 0,35 cm/100 g, for the hypereutectic silumin, 0.5 cm/100 g — for aluminum-magnesium alloys; porosity should be no more than 3 points.

The choice of monitored indicator (score of porosity or hydrogen content) is determined by the manufacturer.

4.1.6 Marking

4.1.6.1 On each pig must be applied:

trademark or the name and trademark of the manufacturer, the number of melting and marking of the alloy;

by agreement with the consumer for large ingots weighing over 200 kg — indelibly numeric value of the mass of the pig in kilograms.

Permitted by agreement with the consumer to cause the melting number, the trademark or the name and trademark of the manufacturer for 80% of pigs under the condition of formation of a package of ingots of one heat.

Ingots intended for the manufacture of products and equipment in contact with food products shall be labelled in the absence of a color marking additional letter «P» which is placed after the designation of alloy grades.

4.1.6.2 Pig on the end marked with indelible colored paint (vertical stripes, crosses, triangles) or metal mark on the surface of the pig:

AK12 (AL2) — white, green, green;

AK12P — white, white, green, green;

AK13 — green, yellow;

AK9 (AK9) — white, yellow;

AK9P — white, white, yellow;

Ak9ch (АЛ4) — brown triangle;

Ak9pch (АЛ4−1) — two green triangle;

Ak8l (АЛ34) — two yellow triangle;

Ak9s (Ak9s) — white, yellow, yellow;

AK7 (AK7) — white, red;

AK7P (AK7P) — white, red, red;

Ak7ch (АЛ9) — yellow triangle;

Ak7pch (АЛ9−1) — two green cross;

Ak10su (Ak10su) — black;

AK5M (АЛ5) — white, black, white;

Ak5mch (АЛ5−1) — red, blue, green;

AK5M2 (AK5M2) — black, blue;

AK5M2P (AK5M2P) — black, blue, red;

AK6M2 (AK6M2) — two blue cross;

AK8M (АЛ32) — green triangle;

AK5M4 (AK5M4) — black, blue, blue;

AK5M7 (AK5M7) — black, red;

AK8M3 (AK8M3) — white, blue;

Ak8m3ch (ВАЛ8) — two white crosses;

AK9M2 (AK9M2) — white, yellow, white;

AK12M2 (АК11М2, AK12M2, АК12М2р) — two red cross;

Ak12mmgn (АЛ30) — white, black, black;

Ak12m2mgn (АЛ25) — white, black;

AK21M2,5N2,5 (UCILS-2) — black, black, black;

AM5 (АЛ19) is a white triangle;

AM4,5kd (ВАЛ10) — blue triangle;

Amg4k1, 5M (АМ4К1, 5M1) red, yellow, yellow;

Amg5k (АЛ13) — brown cross;

Amg5mc (АЛ28) — green cross;

Amg6l (АЛ23) — white cross;

Amg6lch (АЛ23−1) — yellow cross;

Amg10 (АЛ27) — black, black, blue;

Amg10ch (АЛ27−1) — red triangle;

Amg11 (АЛ22) — the red cross;

Amg7 (АЛ29) — two lanes: green and red;

AK7C9 (АЛ11) — white, white, green;

AK9C6 (АК9Ц6р) — blue, blue, blue;

Ac4mg (АЛ24) — black cross;

Ak12ch (POWER-1) red letter C;

Ak12pch (SIL-0) — white letter C;

Ak12och (POWER-00) blue letter;

Ak12zh (POWER-2), black letter S.

By agreement with consumer it is permitted to apply a different marking method.

4.1.6.3 At the request of the consumer for each part of the polyline pig should be marked number smelting and color coded.

4.1.6.4 For refined alloys ingots on the top row of each package with red four sides with indelible paint with the letter «R».

4.1.6.5 By agreement with consumer it is permitted to mark only the top row of the package.

4.1.7 Packaging

4.1.7.1 Pig weighing up to 20 kg are formed in bundles weighing not more than 1.5 t with the General requirements of GOST 21399, GOST 24597.

The packages shall consist of ingots of the same grade alloy.

Packs fasten two lane two round aluminum catalkoy with a diameter of 9 mm according to GOST 13843. In forming the package the pipework package should be placed on the side of the package. Permitted by agreement with the consumer the use of other means of fasteners according to GOST 21650 if the safety of packages during transportation. The mass of the aluminum rod used for the strapping of packages included in the net weight of the package and the party.

A pig weighing more than 200 kg are not formed in the packages.

4.2 Acceptance

4.2.1 Pig show to the acceptance of the parties. The party should consist of ingots of one brand of alloy, of one or more heats and be issued a document about quality that contains:

trademark or the name and trademark of manufacturer;

grade;

room trunks, swimming trunks;

the results of chemical analysis of swimming trunks, swimming trunks;

the weight of the batch;

the hydrogen content or porosity score for refined alloys;

the date of manufacture;

the designation of this standard.

Each batch of pigs weighing more than 200 kg of the manufacturer accompanied by specially cast samples to determine the chemical composition and hydrogen in refined alloys — one sample from each heat.

4.2.2 In the party pigs weighing 20 kg is allowed no more than 5% broken pigs by weight of the entire party. Broken ingots for export are not allowed.

4.2.3 the appearance Test is subjected to at least 1% of pigs weighing 20 kg from each heat, but at least two pigs and at least one pig weighing more than 200 kg from each heat.

4.2.4 For quality control of fracture ingots weighing up to 20 kg from each heat are selected at least two pigs. Quality control of the fracture is carried out at the request of the consumer.

4.2.5 To verify the chemical composition and control of hydrogen content in refined alloys from each heat are selected at least two pigs. Allowed the factory to take samples from molten metal.

Alloy ingots manufacturer controls the content of the main components, impurities of iron, harmful contaminants in food alloy in each heat. The content of other impurities is controlled by the consumer.

4.2.6 For the assessment of gas porosity refined alloys, cast in ingots weighing 20 kg, taken from each heat two ingots. Both pigs cut cross template with a minimum thickness of 10 mm length from the butt end of a pig.

Assessment of the gas porosity of refined alloys in ingots weighing over 200 kg is carried on a transverse templeto with a minimum thickness of 10 mm, cut at a distance of length from the end of the sample cast in the mold (figure 1).

Figure 1 — Mold

Figure 1 — Mold

4.2.7 If unsatisfactory test results of at least one of the indicators for him to repeat the test at twice the number of samples taken from the same heat. The results of repeated tests spread all over the heat.

4.3 test Methods

4.3.1 Checking the quality of the surface and fracture of the ingots is carried out visually, without the use of magnifying devices.

To obtain the fracture is allowed to incise a lower side of the pig not more than its height.

4.3.2 Sampling and preparation of samples for chemical analysis of ingots weighing up to 20 kg — GOST 24231.

4.3.3 control of chemical composition and hydrogen content in the refined alloys ingots weighing over 200 kg at the factory in the middle of the pouring of each melt cast samples with a mass of (1±0,2) kg in the mold (figure 1). Selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis of ingots weighing over 200 kg is carried out according to GOST 24231 from samples cast on the figure 1.

4.3.4 Chemical composition of alloys determined according to GOST 25086, GOST 11739.1 — 11739.24 GOST, GOST 7727, 1762.0 GOST — GOST 1762.7. Allowed to determine the chemical composition by other methods of equal accuracy standard.

The differences in the evaluation of the chemical composition analysis is carried out according to GOST 25086, 11739.1 GOST — GOST 11739.24, 1762.0 GOST — GOST 1762.7.

4.3.5 selection, sample preparation and chemical analysis must comply with safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.2.009, GOST 12.1.005, GOST 12.1.007, and other regulatory documents on safe conducting these works with the use of the means of protection according to GOST 12.4.013 GOST 12.4.021.

4.3.6 When working with alloys containing beryllium, be sure to follow when working with beryllium and its compounds approved by health authorities.

4.3.7 the hydrogen Content in the alloys is determined according to GOST 21132.0, GOST 21132.1 or according to normative-technical documentation.

4.3.8 Gas porosity determined by the method given in Appendix B. for determination of gas porosity should comply with the safety requirements according to GOST 12.2.009, GOST 12.1.005, GOST 12.1.007, GOST 12.4.013 GOST 12.4.021.

4.4 Transportation and storage

4.4.1 Pig transporterowych rail, water and road transport in accordance with cargo carriage regulations applicable to each mode of transport. Pig weighing up to 20 kg transporterowych in packages.

4.4.2 Railway transport of pigs is carried out by the transport packages General requirements GOST 21399, GOST 24597.

Schema and dimensions of the packages, and placing and securing them in vehicles must be installed with the standard documentation.

Large pig transportyour on the open rolling stock.

4.4.3 On the side of the package and the strapping means is attached to the label.

When shipping pigs in packages large lots more than 50 tonnes per one recipient is allowed by agreement with it support labels at least 10% of the packets from the entire party.

Transport marking under GOST 14192.

4.4.4 Labeling of products intended for export, is carried out in accordance with the requirements specified in the contract.

4.4.5 Color coded and weight of large pigs is applied to the side of the pig. For ingots having a bracket for lifting devices, marking and weight applied on the front top.

4.4.6 On the package containing pig different heats ingots on the top row of the package with indelible paint applied to the numbers of all the heats contained in the package.

4.4.7 Pig should be kept indoors. Allowed storage of ingots of unrefined alloys in open areas for a period of not more than two months.

5 ALLOYS IN CASTINGS

5.1 Technical requirements

5.1.1 the Mechanical properties of the alloys shall be as given in table 2.


Table 2

The group of alloy	Grade	Method of casting	A heat treatment process	Rupture strength, MPa (kgs/mm)	Elongation, %	Hardness Brinell, HB
				not less than
I	AK12 (AL2)	ZM, WM, KM	-	147 (15,0)	4,0	50,0
		To	-	157 (16,0)	2,0	50,0
		D	-	157 (16,0)	1,0	50,0
		ZM, WM, KM	T2	137 (14,0)	4,0	50,0
		To	T2	147 (15,0)	3,0	50,0
		D	T2	147 (15,0)	2,0	50,0
	AK13 (AK13)	D	-	176 (18,0)	1,5	60,0
	AK9 (AK9)	H, J, K, D, PD	-	157 (16,0)	1,0	60,0
		K, D, PD	T1	196 (20,0)	0,5	70,0
		ZM, VM	T6	235 (24,0)	1,0	80,0
		K, KM	T6	245 (25,0)	1,0	90,0
	Ak9s (Ak9s)	K, D	-	147 (15,0)	2,0	50,0
		To	T1	196 (20,0)	1,5	70,0
		To	T6	235 (24,0)	3,5	70,0
	Ak9ch (АЛ4)	H, J, K, D	-	147 (15,0)	2,0	50,0
		K, D, PD, KM, ZM	T1	196 (20,0)	1,5	60,0
		ZM, VM	T6	225 (23,0)	3,0	70,0
		K, KM	T6	235 (24,0)	3,0	70,0
		Z	T6	225 (23,0)	2,0	70,0
	Ak9pch (АЛ4−1)	H, J, K, D	-	157 (16,0)	3,0	50,0
		K, D, PD	T1	196 (20,0)	2,0	70,0
		ZM, VM	T6	245 (25,0)	3,5	70,0
		K, KM	T6	265 (27,0)	4,0	70,0
	Ak8l (АЛ34)	Z	T5	294 (30,0)	2,0	85,0
		Z	T4	255 (26,0)	4,0	70,0
		To	T5	333 (34,0)	4,0	90,0
		To	T4	274 (28,0)	6,0	80,0
		D	-	206 (21,0)	2,0	70,0
		D	T1	225 (23,0)	1,0	80,0
		D	T2	176 (18,0)	2,5	60,0
	AK7 (AK7)	Z	-	127 (13,0)	0,5	60,0
		To	-	157 (16,0)	1,0	60,0
		Z	T5	176 (18,0)	0,5	75,0
		To	T5	196 (20,0)	0,5	75,0
		D	-	167 (17,0)	1,0	50,0
		PD	-	147 (15,0)	0,5	65,0
	Ak7ch (АЛ9)	H, J, K	-	157 (16,0)	2,0	50,0
		D	-	167 (17,0)	1,0	50,0
	Ak7ch (АЛ9)	H, J, K, D	T2	137 (14,0)	2,0	45,0
		KM	T4	186 (19,0)	4,0	50,0
		Z,	T4	176 (18,0)	4,0	50,0
		K, KM	T5	206 (21,0)	2,0	60,0
		Z,	T5	196 (20,0)	2,0	60,0
		ZM, VM	T5	196 (20,0)	2,0	60,0
		ZM, VM	T6	225 (23,0)	1,0	70,0
		ZM, VM	T7	196 (20,0)	2,0	60,0
		ZM, VM	T8	157 (16,0)	3,0	55,0
		To	T6	235 (24,0)	1,0	70,0
		To	T7	196 (20,0)	2,0	60,0
		To	T8	157 (16,0)	3,0	55,0
	Ak7pch (АЛ9−1)	Z,	T4	196 (20,0)	5,0	50,0
		K, KM	T4	225 (23,0)	5,0	50,0
		Z,	T5	235 (24,0)	4,0	60,0
		ZM, VM	T5	235 (24,0)	4,0	60,0
		K, KM	T5	265 (27,0)	4,0	60,0
		ZM, VM	T6	274 (28,0)	2,0	70,0
		TO VM	T6	294 (30,0)	3,0	70,0
		D	-	196 (20,0)	1,0	50,0
		D	T2	167 (17,0)	2,0	45,0
		ZM, VM	T7	206 (21,0)	2,5	60,0
		ZM, VM	T8	167 (17,0)	3,5	55,0
	Ak10su (Ak10su)	To	-	167 (17,0)	1,0	70,0
	AK5M2 (AK5M2)	Z	-	118 (12,0)	-	65,0
		To	-	157 (16,0)	0,5	65,0
		Z	T5	196 (20,0)	-	75,0
		To	T5	206 (21,0)	0,5	75,0
		Z	T8	147 (15,0)	1,0	65,0
		To	T8	176 (18,0)	2,0	65,0
		D	-	147 (15,0)	0,5	65,0
II	AK5M (АЛ5)	H, J, K	T1	157 (16,0)	0,5	65,0
		Z,	T5	196 (20,0)	0,5	70,0
		To	T5	216 (22,0)	0,5	70,0
		Z,	T6	225 (23,0)	0,5	70,0
		H, J, K	T7	176 (18,0)	1,0	65,0
		To	T6	235 (24,0)	1,0	70,0
	Ak5mch (АЛ5−1)	H, J, K	T1	176 (18,0)	1,0	65,0
		Z,	T5	274 (28,0)	1,0	70,0
		K, KM	T5	294 (30,0)	1,5	70,0
		H, J, K	T7	206 (21,0)	1,5	65,0
	AK6M2 (AK6M2)	To	T1	196 (20,0)	1,0	70,0
		To	-	230 (23,5)	2,0	78,4
		To	T5	294 (30,0)	1,0	75,0
	AK8M (АЛ32)	Z	T6	245 (25,0)	1,5	60,0
		To	T1	196 (20,0)	1,5	70,0
		To	T6	265 (27,0)	2,0	70,0
		D	-	255 (26,0)	2,0	70,0
		D	T2−1	255 (26,0)	1,7	70,0
		Z	T5	235 (24,0)	2,0	60,0
		To	T5	255 (26,0)	2,0	70,0
		Z	T7	225 (23,0)	2,0	60,0
		To	T7	245 (25,0)	2,0	60,0
		Z	T1	176 (18,0)	0,5	60,0
		D	T1	284 (29,0)	1,0	90,0
		D	T2	235 (24,0)	2,0	60,0
	AK5M4 (AK5M4)	Z	-	118 (12,0)	-	60,0
		To	-	157 (16,0)	1,0	70,0
		To	T6	196 (20,0)	0,5	90,0
	AK5M7 (AK5M7)	Z	-	127 (13,0)	-	70,0
		To	-	157 (16,0)	-	70,0
		To	T1	167 (17,0)	-	90,0
		Z	T1	147 (15,0)	-	80,0
		D	-	118 (12,0)	-	80,0
	AK8M3 (AK8M3)	To	-	147 (15,0)	1,0	70,0
		To	T6	216 (22,0)	0,5	90,0
	Ak8m3ch (ВАЛ8)	TO, PD	T4	343 (35,0)	5,0	90,0
		TO, PD	T5	392 (40,0)	4,0	110
		D	-	294 (30,0)	2,0	75,0
		D	T5	343 (35,0)	2,0	90,0
		D	T2	215 (22,0)	1,5	60,0
		Z	T5	345 (35,0)	1,0	90,0
		In	T5	345 (35,0)	2,0	90,0
		Z	T7	270 (27,0)	1,0	80,0
		To	T7	295 (30,0)	2,5	85,0
	AK9M2 (AK9M2)	To	-	186 (19,0)	1,5	70,0
		D	-	196 (20,0)	1,5	75,0
		To	T6	274 (28,0)	1,5	85,0
		To	T1	206 (21,0)	1,4	80,0
	AK12M2 (AK12M2)	To	-	186 (19,0)	1,0	70,0
		D	T1	260 (26,5)	1,5	83,4
	Ak12mmgn (АЛ30)	To	T1	196 (20,0)	0,5	90,0
		To	T6	216 (22,0)	0,7	100,0
	Ak12m2mgn (АЛ25)	To	T1	186 (19,0)	-	90,0
	AK21M2, 5N2,5	To	T2	157 (16,0)	-	90,0
	(UCILS-2)	To	T1	186 (19,0)	-	100,0
III	AM5 (АЛ19)	H, J, K	T4	294 (30,0)	8,0	70,0
		H, J, K	T5	333 (34,0)	4,0	90,0
		Z	T7	314 (32,0)	2,0	80,0
	AM4,5kd (ВАЛ10)	Z,	T4	294 (30,0)	10,0	70,0
		To	T4	314 (32,0)	12,0	80,0
		Z,	T5	392 (40,0)	7,0	90,0
		To	T5	431 (44,0)	8,0	100,0
		Z,	T6	421 (43,0)	4,0	110,0
		To	T6	490 (50,0)	4,0	120,0
		Z	T7	323 (33,0)	5,0	90,0
IV	АМгК1,5	To	T2	211 (21,5)	2,0	81,0
	(Amg4k1,5M1)	To	T6	265 (27,0)	2,3	104,0
	Amg5k (АЛ13)	H, J, K	-	147 (15,0)	1,0	55,0
		D	-	167 (17,0)	0,5	55,0
	Amg5mc (АЛ28)	Z,	-	196 (20,0)	4,0	55,0
		To	-	206 (21,0)	5,0	55,0
		D	-	206 (21,0)	3,5	55,0
	Amg6l (АЛ23)	Z,	-	186 (19,0)	4,0	60,0
		K, D	-	216 (22,0)	6,0	60,0
		H, K,	T4	225 (23,0)	6,0	60,0
	Amg6lch (АЛ23−1)	Z,	-	196 (20,0)	5,0	60,0
		K, D	-	235 (24,0)	10,0	60,0
		H, K,	T4	245 (25,0)	10,0	60,0
	Amg10 (АЛ27)	Z, K, D	T4	314 (32,0)	12,0	75,0
	Amg10ch (АЛ27−1)	B, L, D	T4	343 (35,0)	15,0	75,0
	Amg11 (АЛ22)	H, J, K	-	176 (18,0)	1,0	90,0
		H, J, K	T4	225 (23,0)	1,5	90,0
		D	-	196 (20,0)	1,0	90,0
	Amg7 (АЛ29)	D	-	206 (21,0)	3,0	60,0
V	AK7C9 (АЛ11)	Z,	-	196 (20,0)	2,0	80,0
		To	-	206 (21,0)	1,0	80,0
		D	-	176 (18,0)	1,0	60,0
		H, J, K	T2	216 (22,0)	2,0	80,0
	AK9C6 (АК9Ц6р)	Z	-	147 (15,0)	0,8	70,0
		K, D	-	167 (17,0)	0,8	80,0
	Acmg (АЛ24)	Z,	-	216 (22,0)	2,0	60,0
		Z,	T5	265 (27,0)	2,0	70,0
Notes 1. The symbols of the methods of casting: S — sand casting; In — molding on melted models; K — chill casting; D — die casting; PD — casting with crystallization under pressure (liquid die forging); On — casting in shell molds; M — alloy subjected to modification. 2. The legend of the types of heat treatment: T1 — artificial aging without prior quenching; T2 — annealing; T4 — quenching; T5 — quenching and a short (incomplete) artificial aging; T6 — annealing and full artificial aging; T7 — hardening and stabilizing the leave; T8 — quenching and soothing vacation. 3. Mechanical properties of alloys AK7C9 and AK9C6 determined no later than one day of natural aging. 4. Mechanical properties specified for the casting method, also apply to the casting in the shell molds.

(Amendment I & C 7−2004).

5.1.2 the Recommended heat treatment of alloys in castings are given in Appendix B.

5.1.3 Mechanical properties of alloys, in the manufacture of castings which applied the methods of casting and heat treatment, are not listed in table 2 must comply with the regulatory requirements for casting.

5.2 test Methods

5.2.1 Chemical composition is determined by GOST 25086, GOST 11739.1 — 11739.24 GOST, GOST 7727. Allowed to determine the chemical composition by other methods of equal accuracy standard.

The differences in the evaluation of the chemical composition analysis is carried out according to GOST 25086, 11739.1 GOST — GOST 11739.24.

5.2.2 Mechanical properties of alloys are determined on separately cast samples or samples machined from specially cast billet or cast for casting billets, cast in metal mold or sand form.

5.2.3 the Shape and size of the samples separately cast in sand casting and gravity die casting shall be as given in figure 2 and table 3, when injection molding — figure 3.

Figure 2 — the Shape and size of the sample by sand casting and gravity die casting

Figure 2 — the Shape and size of the sample by sand casting and gravity die casting

Table 3

Dimensions, mm

Sample number
Two	12	60	72	18	52	12	25	200
1	10	50	60	15	40	10	25	160

Figure 3 — Form and dimensions of the specimen at the injection molding

Figure 3 — Form and dimensions of the specimen at the injection molding

The permissible difference between the largest and smallest diameters along the length of the working part of the sample should be less than 0.3 mm.

Allowed decrease in the length of the head of the sample, the length of the head is determined by the design of the grip of the testing machine.

For large samples (sand casting, gravity die casting) the estimated length of the sample should be .

It is recommended that the horizontal arrangement of the separately cast samples in the form.

5.2.4 Workpiece, which are machined specimens shall have a diameter of 20 mm and shall conform to figure 4. The dimensions shown in figure 4 are for reference purposes only and are given for designing molds. The shape and dimensions of the machined samples should correspond to GOST 1497. Diameter estimated length of samples must be not less than 5 mm, the calculated length .

Figure 4 — Processing for cutting out of samples

Figure 4 — Processing for cutting out of samples

The shape and dimensions of cast blanks by die casting, or sand casting are established by the regulations or by the manufacturer.

(Amendment I & C 6−98).

5.2.5 Shape and size of the separately cast samples under the casting shall be determined by normative documentation. The estimated length should be .

The shape and size of the separately cast or molded workpieces are set by the manufacturer or regulatory documentation on the casting.

5.2.6 Separately cast samples for all types of casting experience with the mold crust. Allowed discontinuity foundry peel in places, Stripping the surface of the sample.

5.2.7 in the determination of mechanical properties on samples with calculated length less than 60 mm for alloys that have a minimum rate of elongation less than 1%, elongation is not determined.

5.2.8 Method of casting and heat treatment of samples for testing shall conform to the method of casting and thermal treatment mode, set for casting of these alloys. Allowed for all kinds of casting to testing of mechanical properties on samples cast in a permanent mold or sand mold.

5.2.9 the mechanical properties of specimens cut from castings shall be established by the normative documents of the casting.

5.2.10 Mechanical properties determined according to GOST 1497, Brinell hardness number — according to GOST 9012 when the ball diameter of 10 mm and a load of 9806 N (1000 kgf) or when the diameter of the ball 5 mm and a load of 2450 N (250 kgf) with aging in both cases from 10 to 30 C.

5.2.11 the Gas porosity of the castings is determined directly on castings or samples cut from a casting, in accordance with 4.3.8.

Annex a (informative). Terms used in the standard and their definitions

APPENDIX A
(reference)

Table A. 1

The term	Definition
1 Slag inclusions	The cavity is filled with slag
2 Slag	The melt or solid of variable composition that covers the surface of the liquid product in metallurgical processes consisting of gangue and flux, fuel ash, sulfides and oxides, products of interaction between processed materials and lining of melting units
3 Shrinkage	Open or closed cavity with rough, sometimes oxidized surface, formed by the shrinkage during hardening of the metal
4 shrinkage looseness or Central porosity	The pores located in the Central cross section of part of the pigs. Formed for the same reasons as shrinkage. Located in the upper half pig
5 Gas porosity	The defect in the form of fine pores are formed as a result of gas emissions from the metal when it hardens
6, the Oxide film	A defect in the form of a metal oxide layer on the metal surface
7 Liquation	The defect in the form of local concentrations of chemical elements or compounds resulting from selective crystallization hardening
8 Rihlat	The defect in the form of clusters of small cavities
9 contaminants	The defect in the form of foreign metal or non-metallic inclusions having a boundary surface with the metal pig

APPENDIX B (mandatory). Methods of determination of gas porosity in aluminum cast alloys

APPENDIX B
(required)

B. 1 Production of macrosections

B. 1.1 in the determination of porosity in aluminum cast alloys of shrinkage looseness or Central porosity is eliminated.

B. 1.2 For determination of gas porosity template cut from ingots in 4.2.6, castings or samples cut from a casting, process to a roughness of Ra less than 1.6 microns. When processed with the emulsion surface of the investigated template is cleaned with gasoline or acetone.

B. 1.3 Microslip prepare the templates consistent grinding by grinding the skins of different grit: 80−100 microns, 40−50 microns, 10−14 µm, washed with running water and dried with filter paper.

Preparation of macrolife can be produced in other ways, providing a roughness less than 1.6 µm.

B. 1.4 For determination of gas porosity of the etched microslip 10−15% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at a temperature of 60−80 °C. Microslip immersed in the reagent and allowed to stand for 10−50 s (not revealing the macrostructure), then washed with running water and dried with filter paper. If necessary, lighten the surface of microslip dipped in 20% nitric acid solution for 2−5 s, washed with running water and dried with filter paper.

(Amendment I & C 6−98)

B. 2 testing

B. 2.1 To determine gas porosity you must use the scale shown in figure B. 1. The degree of porosity of the macrosections of points in the set by comparing them with the standards of the scale.

Figure B. 1 — Scale of the porosity of aluminum alloys

Figure B. 1 — Scale of the porosity of aluminum alloys

B. 2.2 Gas porosity in the ingots templates is defined on three squares of 1 cmeach (figure B. 2). The number of pores and pore size is determined as the arithmetic average of three measurements.

Figure B. 2 — arrangement of squares on macrolife

Figure B. 2 — arrangement of squares on macrolife

If there are deviations in the average number, size, or the percentage of pores in the direction of increasing indicators of porosity relates to a higher score of porosity.

The sequence of drawing squares:

a) on the surface of Microlife to hold the diagonal;

b) to measure the diagonal;

C) divide the diagonal into two equal parts to determine the center of the middle square;

g) to apply a mean square for microslip so that the diagonal macrolife divided it into two equal parts, and the sides of the square were perpendicular to it;

d) measure the distance from the edge of macrolife to the sides of the square diagonally investigated template;

f) distance to divide in half to locate the centers of the other two squares.

g) apply the remaining two squares (see subparagraph g).

Gas porosity of the castings is determined on three squares of 1 cmeach. The location of the squares is arbitrary, depending on the configuration and size of the castings, if there are no special requirements in the design documentation.

On small castings, gas porosity is allowed to determine on fewer squares.

B. 2.3 Score of porosity, defined by the three squares on the two macrosections of templates of pigs, spread all over the heat.

B. 2.4 porosity Control is carried out visually, with the naked eye. To determine the pore diameter it is possible to use optical devices with magnification up to 10 times.

B. 2.5 the Scale consists of five standards:

point 1 — fine porosity;

score 2 — reduced porosity;

score 3 — average porosity;

score 4 — high porosity;

score 5 — high porosity.

(Amendment I & C 7−2004).

B. 2.6, the Permissible number of pores per 1 cmof the surface of the cone and the diameter depending on the numbers of benchmark are given in table B. 1.


Table B. 1

Room standard	The pore diameter, mm	The number of holes per 1 cm.
1	To 0.1	To 5
2	To 0.1	Up to 8
	«0,2	«2
3	To 0.3	To 12
	«0,5	«3
4	To 0.5	To 14
	«Of 1.0	«6
5	To 0.5	Up to 15
	«Of 1.0	«8
	SV. 1,0	«2

B. 2.7 Use of standards the degree of porosity is possible regardless of the brand of alloy.

ANNEX b (recommended). The recommended heat treatment of alloys

THE APP
(recommended)

Table B. 1

Grade	A heat treatment process	Hardening			Aging
		heating temperature, °C	the time of exposure, h	cooling medium temperature, °C	heating temperature, °C	the time of exposure, h
AK12 (AL2)	T2	-	-	-	300±10	2−4
AK9 (AK9)	T1	-	-	-	175±5	5−17
	T6	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	175±5	10−15
Ak9ch (АЛ4)	T1	-	-	-	175±5	5−17
	T6	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	175±5	10−15
Ak9pch (АЛ4−1)	T1	-	-	-	175±5	5−17
	T6	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	175±5	10−15
Ak8l (АЛ34)	T1	-	-	-	190±5	3−4
	T2	-	-	-	300±10	2−4
	T4	535±5	10−16	Water, 20−100	-	-
	T5	535±5	10−16	Water, 20−100	175±5	6
AK7 (AK7)	T5	535±5	2−7	Water, 20−100	150±5	1−3
Ak7ch (АЛ9)	T2	-	-	-	300±10	2−4
	T4	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	-	-
	T5	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	150±5	1−3
Ak7ch (АЛ9)	T5	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	Two-stage heating:
					1) 190±10	0,5
					2) 150±5	2
	T6	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	200±5	2−5
	T7	535±5	2−6	Water, 80−100	225±10	3−5
	T8	535±5	2−6	Water, 80−100	250±10	3−5
Ak7pch (АЛ9−1)	T2	-	-	-	250±10	2−4
	T4	535±5	2−12	Water, 20−50	-	-
	T5	535±5	2−12	Water, 20−50	150±5	3−10
	T6	535±5	2−12	Water, 20−50	175±5	3−10
	T7	535±5	2−12	Water, 80−100	225±10	3−5
	T8	535±5	2−12	Water, 80−100	250±10	3−5
AK5M2 (AK5M2)	T5	525±5	3−5	Water, 20−100	175±5	5−10
	T8	525±5	3−5	Water, 20−100	250±10	3−5
AK5M (АЛ5)	T1	-	-	-	180±5	5−10
	T5	525±5	3−5	Water, 20−100	175±5	5−10
	T5	Two-stage heating:
	T5	1) 515±5	3−5	-	-	-
		2) 525±5	1−3	Water, 20−100	175±5	5−10
	T6	525±5	3−5	Water, 20−100	200±5	3−5
	T7	525±5	3−5	Water, 20−100	230±10	3−5
		Two-stage heating:
		1) 515±5	3−5	-	-	-
		2) 525±5	1−3	Water, 20−100	230±10	3−5
Ak5mch (АЛ5−1)	T1	-	-	-	180±5	5−10
	T5	525±5	3−10	Water, 20−100	175±5	5−10
	T5	Two-stage heating:
		1) 515±5	3−7	-	-	-
		2) 525±5	2−5	Water, 20−100	175±5	5−10
	T7	525±5	3−10	Water, 20−100	230±10	3−5
	T7	Two-stage heating:
		1) 515±5	3−7	-	-	-
		2) 525±5	2−5	Water, 20−100	230±10	3−5
AK6M2 (AK6M2)	T1	-	-	-	180±5	5−10
	T5	525±5	3−5	Water, 20−100	175±5	5−10
AK8M (АЛ32)	T1	-	-	-	200±10	5−8
	T2	-	-	-	280±10	5−8
	T5	Two-stage heating:
		1) 505±5	4−6	-	-	-
		2) 515±5	4−8	Water, 20−100	150±5	10−15
	T6	515±5	2−8	Water, 20−50	170±5	8−16
	T6	515±5	2−8	Water, 20−50	Two-stage heating:
					1) 130±5	2−3
					2) 160±5	4−6
	T6	Two-stage heating:
		1) 505±5	4−6	-	-	-
		2) 515±5	4−8	Water, 20−100	170±5	8−16
	T6	505±5	4−6	-	-	-
	T6	515±5	4−8	Water, 20−100	Two-stage heating:
					1) 130±5	2−3
					2) 160±5	4−6
	T7	Two-stage heating:
		1) 505±5	4−6	-	-	-
		2) 515±5	4−8	Water, 80−100	230±5	3−5
AK5M4 (AK5M4)	T6	490±10	5−7	Water, 20−100	170±10	5−7
AK5M7 (AK5M7)	T1	-	-	-	180±10	1−5
	T6	490±10	5−7	Water, 20−100	185±5	1−2
AK8M3 (AK8M3)	T6	500±10	5−7	Water, 20−100	180±10	5−10
Ak8m3ch (ВАЛ8)	T4	Three-stage heating:
		1) 490±5	4−6	-	-	-
		2) 500±5	4−6	-	-	-
		3) 510±5	4−6	Water, 20−100	-	-
	T5	510±5	4−6	Water, 20−100	160±5	6−12
AK9M2 (AK9M2)	T6	515±5	5−7	Water, 20−100	200±5	1−2
Ak12mmgn (АЛ30)	T6	520±5	4−6	Water, 20−100	180±5	6−8
	T1	-	-	-	190±10	6−12
	T6	520±5	1,5−6	Water, 20−70	180±5 200±5	12−16 or 6−8
Ak12m2mgn (АЛ25)	T1	-	-	-	210±10	10−12
АК5 (АЛ19)	T4	545	10−12	Water, 20−100	-	-
AM5 (АЛ19)	T4	Two-stage heating:
		1) 530±5	5−9	-	-	-
		2) 545±3	5−9	Water, 20−100	-	-
	T5	545	10−12	Water, 20−100	175±5	3−6
		Two-stage heating:
		1) 530±5	5−9	-	-	-
		2) 545	5−9	Water, 20−100	175±5	3−6
	T7	545	10−12	Water, 80−100	250±10	3−10
	T7	Two-stage heating:
		1) 530±5	5−9	-	-	-
		2) 545	5−9	Water, 80−100	250±10	3−10
AM4,5kd (ВАЛ10)	T4	545	10−14	Water, 20−100	-	-
		Two-stage heating:
		1) 535±5	5−9	-	-	-
		2) 545	5−9	Water, 20−100	-	-
	T5	545	10−14	Water, 20−100	155±5	3−8
	T5	Two-stage heating:
		1) 535±5	5−9	Water, 20−100	155±5	3−8
		2) 545	5−9	-	-	-
	T6	545	10−14	Water, 20−100	170±5	6−10
	T6	Two-stage heating:
		1) 535±5	5−9	-	-	-
		2) 545	5−9	Water, 20−100	170±5	6−10
	T7	545	10−14	Water, 80−100	250±5	3−10
	T7	Two-stage heating:
		1) 545±5	5−9	-	-	-
		2) 545	5−9	Water, 80−100	250±5	3−10
AMg6 (АЛ23)	T4	430±10	20	Water or oil 100, 20	-	-
Amg6lch (АЛ23−1)	T4	430±10	20	Water or oil 100, 20	-	-
Amg10 (АЛ27)	T4	430±10	20	Water, 100	-	-
AK7C9 (АЛ11)	T2	300±10	2−4	-	-	-
Ac4mg (АЛ24)	T5	580±5	4−6	Water, 100	120±5	8−10
Amg11 (АЛ22)	T4	425±5	15−20	Water, 100, or oil, 40−50	- 175±5	- 5−17
Ak9s	T1	-	-	-
	T6	535±5	2−6	Water, 20−100	175±5	10−15
Notes 1 two-stage mode of heating for hardening for alloys AK5M (АЛ5), AM5 (АЛ19), AK8M (АЛ32), AM4,5kd (ВАЛ10) is recommended in the presence of massive (above 40 mm) sections in detail in order to avoid burnout. 2 to reduce the internal stresses of large complex configuration of parts should be quenched in water with a temperature of 80−100 °C. 3 If you need a higher (10−15%) of the strength of parts made of alloys Ak9ch (АЛ4), Ak9pch (АЛ9−1) allowed temperature rise of the heating for hardening to (545±5) °C, With a mandatory reduction of the iron content to 0.1−0.2% and manganese to alloy АЛ4 to 0,25−0,35%. 4 Obtaining optimal mechanical properties of the alloy Ak9pch (АЛ4−1) (T5) ensures compliance with the interval between quenching and artificial aging for 1−3 h

APPENDIX C (Amendments ICS 3−2000, 7−2004).