GOST 19437-81

• gost-19437-81.pdf (504.83 KiB)
  ГОСТ 19437-81

GOST 19437−81 aluminum cylindrical Ingots. Technical specifications (with Changes 1−5 N)

GOST 19437−81

Group W51

INTERSTATE STANDARD

CYLINDRICAL INGOTS OF ALUMINUM

Specifications

Cylindrical aluminium ingots. Specifications

ISS 77.120.10
GST 17 1216

Date of introduction 1983−01−01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of nonferrous metallurgy of the USSR

2. APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee for standards from 19.08.81 N 3944

Change No. 5 adopted by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol No. 20 dated 01.11.2001)

The adoption of the changes voted:

3. The standard complies ST SEV 831−86

4. REPLACE GOST 19437−74

5. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

6. Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 2−92 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 2−93)

7. EDITION (July 2003) with Changes in N 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, approved in June 1985, June 1987, November 1987, October 1989 and may 2002 (IUS 9−85, 11−87, 2−88, 1−90, 8−2002), Amendment (I & C 7−88)


This standard applies to cylindrical solid and hollow ingots of aluminum, designed for production of bars, rods, profiles, tubes, forgings, stampings, conductors, cable sheaths and other products.

1. ASSORTMENT

1.1. The diameters of solid ingots, the external diameters of hollow ingots and tolerances for diameter shall be as specified in table.1.

Table 1

1.2. Ingots with a diameter of 70, 175 and 241 mm suitable for cable industry.

Hollow ingots and ingots with a diameter over 300 mm are made by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.

By agreement with the consumer for bars up to diameter 300 mm inclusive may be replaced with sub-zero extreme deviations to zero.

1.3. The inner diameters of hollow ingots and their limit deviations shall be as specified in table.2.

Table 2

mm

1.4. (Deleted, Rev. N 2).

1.5. By agreement with the consumer it is allowed manufacture of ingots of intermediate diameters, the maximum deviation of the diameter for these dimensions are taken the same as for the nearest smaller size.

1.6. Ingots manufactures: portocannone surface (N); with grinded surface (A).

By agreement between manufacturer and consumer, the ingots are subjected to grinding in the enterprise-the consumer, manufactures have allowances in diameter.

Hollow bars are made with bored and aristoxenos inner surface.

1.7. Ingots manufactures:

random length — ends of the uncircumcised;

lengths — cut or machined ends.

By agreement between manufacturer and consumer bars of random length are manufactured with cut ends.

1.8. Length of the ingots should not exceed 6000 mm.

Maximum deviations along the length of bars of random length must not exceed +80 mm.

For bars of standard length (with cut or machined ends) tolerances for length shall not exceed:

+5 mm — for billets with diameter up to 200 mm incl.;

+7 mm — for billets with diameter over 200 mm to 300 mm incl.;

+10 mm — for billets with diameter over 300 mm to 500 mm incl.;

+12 mm — for billets with diameter over 500 up to 800 mm incl.;

+20 mm — for billets with diameter over 800 mm.

For bars with a diameter of 70, 175 and 241 mm from the machined ends of the tolerances for length shall not exceed ±0.5 mm, with cut edges, ±1 mm.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

1.9. Bullion designed for the cable industry, manufactured lengths.

Examples of symbols:

A hollow cylindrical ingot, the outer diameter of 205 mm, an inner diameter of 180 mm, length 5000 mm, with portocannone surface, aluminium brand A5:

A5 205/180х5000 — N GOST 19437−81

A solid cylindrical ingot that is designed for the cable industry, with a diameter of 175 mm, length 350 mm, with machined surface, made of aluminum brand A7:

A7 175х350 — OK GOST 19437−81

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Ingots are made in accordance with the requirements of this standard technological instruction, duly approved.

The bars are made from aluminum brands: A995, A99, A97, A95, A85, A8, A7, A7E, A6, A5, A5E the contents of the amount of heavy elements (Ti+V+Mn+CR) not more than 0.01%; A0 according to GOST 11069 and AD0 and AD1 GOST 4784.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.2. The raw surface of the ingots must be free from contamination, hinder the inspection, no cracks, slag, oxide and other impurities, and without corrosion products.

On the surface of ingots shall not be permitted surface defects (nodules, liquate, Nikitiny, tears, shell, logging, traces of scraping, nicks) larger than the depth or height:

for the bars with the normal requirements for surface

2 mm — in diameter up to 300 mm incl.,

3 mm — at a diameter of 300 mm;

for bars with high demands on surface

1.5 mm for disc diameter up to 300 mm incl.,

2 mm at a diameter of 300 mm.

Ingots intended for the cable industry, the depth of surface defects and the height of the SAG should not exceed the limit deviation for diameter.

The place of cutting and Stripping should have shallow edges.

The Gating surface of the end part of the uncut ingots must be free of porosity and foreign inclusions.

Depth shrinkage should not exceed 15 mm for bars up to 300 mm diameter and 30 mm for billets with diameter over 300 mm.

On the uncircumcised bullion permitted surface defects at a distance not more than 200 mm from the bottom and not more than 100 mm from the Gating part.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

2.3. The surface of ingots after grinding must be clean. The surface allowed the shell, cracked, tears, slag, oxide and other foreign matter, and corrosion products.

Surface roughness should not be more than 80 microns. The roughness of the inner surface of the hollow bars after turning should not be more than 40 microns.

The surface roughness of ingots for the cable industry, established by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.

On the surface of ingots after turning is not allowed more than four dents and more than two traces of Stripping per each meter of length, the depth exceeding:

2 mm peeled bars up to a diameter of 190 mm incl.;

3 mm for a machined ingots with a diameter of 190 mm.

On the inner surface of the machined hollow ingots of a longitudinal trace of the cutter depth should not exceed 0.2 mm.

Not allowed traces from the center and the clamping devices formed by machining, the depth exceeding:

2 mm peeled bars up to a diameter of 190 mm incl.;

3 mm for a machined ingots with a diameter of 190 mm.

Depth of surface defects in machined ingots for the cable industry, should not exceed 0.4 mm.

2.4. Cut end Squareness, mm bars with cut ends and cut into dimensional pieces must not exceed:

3 mm for solid bars with a diameter up to 300 mm incl.;

5 mm solid bars with a diameter of 300 to 580 mm incl.;

8 mm solid bars with a diameter of 580 mm;

2 mm for hollow ingots with diameter up to 300 mm incl.;

3 mm for hollow ingots with a diameter of over 300 mm.

Cocina cutting ingots for cable manufacturing, with cut ends should not be more than ±25' and the ends machined ±15', from 01.01.93 — ±10'.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 4).

2.5. Bars should be dense and have a homogeneous structure. Bars should be no holes, cracks, gas bubbles, porosity, delamination, oxide, slag and other foreign inclusions.

On macrolife cross section of the ingot is allowed to separate on an area not exceeding 1 mmand a depth of not more than 1 mm each in an amount of not more than:

2 — for billets with diameter up to 300 mm incl.;

3 — for billets with diameter over 300 mm.

On the macrosections of ingots for the cable industry, non-metallic inclusions are not allowed.

2.6. The curvature along the length of the bars shall not exceed 5 mm per 1 m length, at the customer’s request — 3 mm per 1 m length.

The curvature along the length of ingots with a diameter of 70, 175 and 241 mm, for the cable industry, should not be more than 2 mm per 1 m of length for bars neobetanin and 1 mm for machined bars.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.7. Raznoshennoy neobetanin hollow ingots should not exceed:

2 mm — for billets with diameter up to 300 mm incl.;

3 mm — for billets with diameter over 300 mm.

2.8. Raznoshennoy hollow bars with milled surface shall not exceed:

1 mm — for billets with diameter up to 300 mm incl.;

2 mm — for billets with diameter over 300 mm.

2.9. The hydrogen content in the melt in the casting of ingots should not exceed 0,17 cm/100 g of metal.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3, 4).

2.10. By agreement between manufacturer and consumer, the ingots are subjected to homogenization.

2A. Safety requirements

2A.1. Aluminium in the form of ingots of low-toxicity, fire and explosion.

2A.2. Aluminium is one of the substances of the 3rd hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007, GOST 12.1.005 and when exposed to the body is moderately dangerous substance predominantly fibrogenic action. Inhalation of fumes and dust of aluminium can affect the upper respiratory tract and lungs to get irritated mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, eyes, and also to develop eczema and dermatitis.

The maximum permissible concentration of aerosols of aluminium in workplace air (TLV) 2 mg/m.

2A.3. Aluminium in the form of ingots conductive, you should avoid contact of the product with the wires under voltage.

2A.4. In terms of production must comply with the rules of General and personal hygiene and safety, avoid inhalation of dust and vapors of the molten metal, contact with eyes and skin. When you work should use personal protective equipment: respirators according to GOST 12.4.028, dustproof clothing according to GOST 12.4.099 and GOST 12.4.100, glasses according to GOST 12.4.013*. When working with bars of aluminum in paragraphs prolonged storage the use of special means of protection are required.
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.013−97.

During remelting ingots or recycling should be ensured drying of ingots and wastes before loading into the melting furnace.

2B. Requirements of environmental protection

2B.1. Under normal conditions of storage and transportation of aluminium in the form of ingots and has no adverse impact on the environment.

2B.2. Harmful effects on the environment can be as a result of discharges and emissions of polluting substances in the production process in emergency situations (fire, explosion, flood).

When injected aluminium in the form of ingots into water, when exposed to aggressive substances (acid, lye) possible leaching of aluminium with the formation of aluminates, which has toxic impact on flora and fauna.

2B.3. The average daily maximum permissible concentration in air of populated areas (MPC) of aluminium — regulated, aluminium oxide (in terms of aluminum) is 0.01 mg/m.

The maximum allowable concentration of aluminium in water of water objects of drinking and cultural-domestic use (MPC) — 0.5 mg/L.

The maximum allowable concentration of aluminium in water of fishery water bodies (MPC) is 0.04 mg/L.

2B.4. Substandard products and waste should be returned to the manufacturing (remelting).

Sections 2A, 2B. (Added, Rev. N 5).

3. ACCEPTANCE RULES

3.1. Bullion presented for acceptance by the parties. The party shall consist of ingots of one size and one brand of aluminum.

At the request of the consumer, the weight of the batch shall not be less than 3 tonnes but not more than 60 t

Batch of ingots is accompanied by a document about quality that contains:

trademark or the name and trademark of manufacturer;

brand of aluminium;

batch number;

rooms heats;

size of ingots;

the results of the determination of the chemical composition of each heat and hydrogen content (for trunks it was determined);

the weight of the batch;

the number of ingots;

the designation of this standard.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

3.2. Quality control of the surface subjected to every ingot.

3.3. To control the size, curvature and skew of the cut is subjected to 10% bars party, but not less than two ingots.

3.4. Control of chemical composition is subjected to 3%, but not less than two bars from each batch and one ingot from each heat.

To control the chemical composition of the plant sampled from each heat of molten metal from the tap hole filling furnace at the beginning and end of the casting.

3.5. For the control of internal defects of ingots of all grades of aluminium and electrical-resistivity of aluminum grades A7E and A5E taken at least three bars on the 100 heats. The determination is carried out periodically at the request of the consumer.

3.3−3.5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

3.6. The hydrogen content in the melt in the casting of ingots is determined periodically, at least one definition a day from each filling of the furnace.

3.7. If unsatisfactory test results of at least one indicator thereon, a second test of the doubled sample taken from the same batch. The results of repeated tests apply to the entire party.

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. Check for the presence of internal defects is carried out on macrosections or ultrasonic method by the method agreed between the consumer and manufacturer.

For quality control of ingots the macrosections from each of the selected ingot cross cut templet the thickness of 20−30 mm. For bars template the uncircumcised cut off from the bottom at a distance from the end at least:

150 mm — for billets with diameter up to 300 mm incl.;

250 mm — for billets with diameter over 300 mm.

For the manufacture of macrosections template treated side, adjacent to the ingot. Surface roughness should not be more than 20 microns.

Etched macrosections spend 10−20% sodium hydroxide solution for 20−40 min. the solution Temperature should not be below 15 °C.

After etching the surface is carefully washed with water and clarified with 25% nitric acid solution followed by washing in water.

Inspection of macrolife carried out visually without the use of magnifying tools.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

4.2. Selection and preparation of samples for determining the chemical composition — according to GOST and GOST 24231 3221. Allowed sampling for the determination of chemical composition of aluminium to hold all brands of templates, designed to control bars for internal defects.

Chemical composition of aluminium is determined according to GOST 12697.1−12697.12 GOST, GOST 3221, 23189 GOST, GOST 25086.

May be performed to determine chemical composition by other methods providing the required accuracy.

The differences in the evaluation of the chemical composition determination is carried out according to GOST 12697.1−12697.12 GOST, GOST 3221, 23189 GOST, GOST 25086.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 5).

4.3. The length of the ingot measured by measuring tape according to GOST 7502, a ruler according to GOST 427 or caliper according to GOST 166.

The length of the ingot random length measured from the Gating portion to pinch the sealing strip at the bottom along the length of the forming line.

Check the length of bars designed for the cable industry, held a caliper according to GOST 166 in four places along the length of the forming line () lying on the intersection with the surface of the ingot, of two mutually perpendicular planes, and (damn.1). A cylindrical ingot lengths before the measurement is placed on a smooth horizontal surface (plate class 2 size 400х630 according to GOST 10905). The jaws of the caliper tightly to the end planes of the ingot at a distance of 10−15 mm from the forming line.

Damn.1

Each of the four dimensions must correspond to claim 1.8 with regard to the permissible deviations.

The diameter of the ingot is measured from the Gating part of the ingot, ingots lengths designed for the cable industry, at both ends in two mutually perpendicular directions with a Vernier caliper according to GOST 166 or ruler according to GOST 427. Each dimension must correspond to the table.1 subject to the permissible deviations.

To check the depth or height of the surface defects of the ingots used the depth indicator according to GOST 7661 or gauges according to GOST 162. For the base of the reference point is from forming of the ingot in place without defects.

Allowed the use of other measuring tools to ensure appropriate measurement accuracy.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, Amendment).

4.4. Check the condition of the surface is carried out without the use of magnifying tools.

4.5. The definition of the curvature of the ingot (a) is performed using a steel wire with a diameter of not less than 0.2 mm according to GOST 2771, taut without sagging, laid along the axis of the ingot to its full length, uncut bars from the Gating part of the end to pinch the sealing strip at the bottom and measuring the maximum deviation from the plane in millimeters with a ruler according to GOST 427, GOST gauges 162 or probes on the other 2−034−225. The curvature of the ingot is determined by dividing the value of deviation in millimeters for the length of the ingot, expressed in meters.

(Changed edition, Rev. 2, 4).

4.6. Cosine of the cut determine the greatest distance from the plane of the end face of the ingot to the vertical plane through the outermost point of the edge end face (damn.2). Cut end Squareness, mm is also characterized by the angle between the plane of the end face and the vertical plane through the outermost point of the edge end face (damn.2). Cosine of the cut is expressed in millimeters or minutes.

Damn.2

Cosine of the cut is determined by means of a square according to GOST 3749, lying on one side on the plane of location of the ingot, and measuring with a ruler according to GOST 427 or probes on the other 2−034−225. Cosine of the cut is measured in both end planes and expressed in millimeters. Each dimension must correspond to claim 2.4.

Cosine of the cut ingots supplied for the cable industry, measured with a protractor with a Vernier type UN GOST 5378. The measurement is performed at each plane in four locations around the edge of the end face located through 90°. When measuring a fixed line, rigidly coupled to the base of the protractor, tightly pressed to the forming of the ingot in place without defects. A movable range of the goniometer is applied strictly to the diameter of the end face of the ingot and carry out the measurement of the angle characterizing the cosine of the cut. Each of the angle measurements shall not exceed: ±25' — for bars with cut ends, ±15' — for bars with machined ends, ±10' — from 01.01.93.

Allowed to measure the skew of the cut bars are designed for the cable industry, by means of a square according to GOST 3749 type, UL class 1 and probes on the other 2−034−225. The maximum allowable amount determined by the formula

,

where  — the maximum value of the angle (25' or 15');

 — diameter of ingot, mm.

The ingots are considered to comply with the technical requirements, if

.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 4, 5).

4.7. A surface check without the use of magnifying means by comparing it with samples of the surface roughness according to GOST 9378 or samples agreed with the customer. By agreement with the consumer allowed to control the roughness of the application of profilometer or profilograph according to GOST 19300.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

4.8. The hydrogen content in the casting of ingots is determined according to GOST 21132.0.

4.9. Control of resistivity is carried out according to GOST 4004.

The samples are made of the templates with a minimum thickness of 25 mm, cut in accordance with clause 4.1.

(Added, Rev. N 2).

5. MARKING, PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. At the end of each ingot must be marked with the following information:

trademark or the name and trademark of manufacturer;

the room melt;

the number of the ingot (not affixed, if melting consists of a single ingot);

grade of aluminium.

The number of melt is applied with a metal stamp. The height of the letters and figures shall be not less than 10 mm. the Rest of notation is applied with a metal stamp or indelible ink.

Bullion designed for the cable industry, not stigmatized and not mark. Markings is the trademark or name and trademark of manufacturer, grade of aluminum, the melting number and the symbol of the ingot indicated in the packing list or other supporting documentation.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

5.2. Ingots weighing up to 500 kg formed into bundles weighing not more than 5 so the Formation of packages of ingots is carried out according to the rules of carriage of goods approved by the relevant departments. Each package should be sealed with bindings (one binding — one turn of wire rod), the amount of which depends on the mass of the package. For package weight not exceeding 2 tonnes, the number of studs must be at least 4, for packages weighing no more than 4 t — not less than 6, for packages weighing no more than 5 tonnes not less than 8.

As materials for bonding packages used aluminum rod with a diameter of not less than 9 mm according to GOST 13843, or other normative and technical documentation or annealed steel wire of diameter not less than 6 mm according to GOST 3282, or steel packing tape according to GOST 3560, GOST 4986 or other regulatory-technical documentation. Weight of wire rod is included in the net weight of the package and the party.

Means of binding is not designed to capture packets while performing loading and unloading operations.

Ingots with a mass of 500 kg and more no package.

At customer’s request bars weighing more than 500 kg package.

Bullion designed for the cable industry, must be Packed in boxes or containers made according to normative-technical documentation.

At customer’s request bars are wrapped in paper.

Allowed by agreement between manufacturer and consumer ingots with portocannone surface with a diameter of 175 and 180 mm and a length, respectively, 438 and 450 mm, designed for cable industry, tie in bundles weighing not more than 1.25 T.

5.3. Bars transporterowych rail, Maritime and road transport in accordance with goods transportation regulations applied to this type of transport.

Rail bars and packages of bullion, ingots, Packed in boxes weighing no more than 1.25 t transporterowych in covered wagons.

Ingots weighing more than 500 kg each, and packages of bars and containers weighing more than 1.25 tons each transportyour on the open rolling stock.

Allowed the shipment in one car of one or more batches of ingots to the exclusion of mixing.

Stowage and securing of cargoes transported by rail, must comply with the technical conditions of loading and fastening of cargoes.

Preparation of cargo for transportation by sea transport — according to GOST 26653.

5.2, 5.3. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 5).

5.4. Transport marking ingots, ingots packages, boxes and containers is carried out according to GOST 14192.

Transport packages are transported on an open mobile composition, causing handling mark «sling here».

(Changed edition, Rev. N 5).

5.5. The bullion is stored in covered premises. Allowed to store ingots of aluminium of technical purity in the open air.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).