GOST 23855-79

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  ГОСТ 23855-79

GOST 23855−79 cylindrical Ingots of aluminium alloy AD31. Specifications (with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3)

GOST 23855−79

Group W51

INTERSTATE STANDARD

CYLINDRICAL INGOTS OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY AD31

Specifications

Cylindrical ingots of aluminium alloy AD31. Specifications

ISS 77.120.10
GST 17 1216

Date of introduction 1980−01−01

Resolution of the USSR State Committee on standards of 11 October 1979, N 3912 date of introduction is established 01.01.80

Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 4−93 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 4−94)

EDITION (July 2003) with Changes 1, 2, 3, approved in may 1984, November 1987-may 2002 (IUS 9−84, 2−88, 8−2002).

Change No. 3 adopted by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol No. 20 dated 01.11.2001)

The adoption of the changes voted:

This standard applies to cylindrical (solid and hollow) ingots cast by semi-continuous method or continuous casting of aluminum alloy AD31, designed for production of bars, rods, profiles, panels, pipes, wire, forgings and stampings. Standard meets the requirements of ST CMEA 831−86 in part cylindrical ingots.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3).

1. ASSORTMENT

1.1. The diameters of solid ingots limit deviations thereon shall be as specified in table.1.

Table 1

Codes of OKP bars listed in the app.

1.2. The outer diameters of hollow ingots and tolerances for diameter shall be as specified in table.2. The inner diameters of hollow ingots and their maximum deviations established by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.

Table 2

1.1, 1.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.3. By agreement with the consumer allowed to produce billets of intermediate size, with maximum deviations in diameter for these dimensions are taken the same as for the nearest smaller size.

1.4. The bars are made with portocannone and machined surfaces. The ingots are subjected to grinding in the enterprise-the consumer, made allowances in diameter, the value of which is determined by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.

1.5. Ingots manufactures:

random length — ends of the uncircumcised;

lengths — cut or machined ends.

By agreement between manufacturer and consumer bars of random length are made with cut ends.

1.4, 1.5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.6. Length of the ingots should not exceed 6000 mm.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Ingots are made in accordance with the requirements of this standard technological instruction, duly approved.

The bars are made of aluminum alloy AD31 with GOST 4784−97.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

2.2. The hydrogen content in the melt in the casting of ingots should not exceed 0.3 cmper 100 g of metal.

2.3. The ingots are subjected to heat treatment in agreement with the consumer.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

2.4. The surface of the ingots must be clean, without tears, cracks, slag and oxide inclusions and corrosion products. On the surface of ingots shall not be permitted surface defects (nodules, liquate, felling and traces of Stripping, sinks, Nikitiny, nicks) larger than the depth or height:

for the bars with the normal requirements to the surface:

2 mm — in diameter up to 300 mm incl.,

3 mm — at a diameter of 300 mm;

for bars with higher requirements to the surface:

1.5 mm for disc diameter up to 300 mm incl.,

2 mm in diameter more than 300 mm from 01.07.89.

Bullion, made without cutting into pieces, permitted surface defects and the internal structure of the bottom at a distance of up to 200 mm and Gating parts at a distance of 100 mm from the ends.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.5. The surface of ingots after grinding must be clean. The surface allowed the shell, cracked, tears, slag and other nonmetallic inclusions. The roughness of the processed surface should be not less than 80 microns. The surface finish of the inner surface of the hollow ingots after grinding shall be not less than 40 microns.

On the surface of ingots after machining are not allowed dents of more than four, traces of Stripping more than two for each meter of length, the depth exceeding:

for bars with diameter up to 190 mm incl. — 2 mm,

for bars with a diameter greater than 190 mm — 3 mm.

On the inner surface of the machined hollow ingots of a longitudinal trace of the cutter depth should not be more than 0.2 mm.

Traces from the center and the clamping devices formed by machining, the depth should not be more than:

machined to billets with diameter up to 190 mm incl. — 2 mm,

for machined bars with a diameter greater than 190 mm — 3 mm.

2.6. (Deleted, Rev. N 1).

2.7. Bars should be thick and homogeneous, must not have holes, cracks, delamination, porosity, slag, oxide and other extraneous inclusions.

2.7.1. On the macrosections of bars is not allowed:

non-metallic inclusions with an area of more than 1 mm; number of inclusions should not exceed:

for bars with diameter up to 300 mm incl. — 3 pieces,

for billets with diameter over 300 mm — 5 PCs.;

bright spots (crystals depleted in alloying elements) with an area of more than 5 mmmore than two;

pores with an area of more than 0.5 mmmore than three.

The total number of defects on a single microslide for bars with diameter up to 300 mm incl. should not be more than three, for bars of diameter greater than 300 mm should not be more than five.

2.8. The curvature along the length of the ingot must not be more than 5 mm per 1 m length.

At the request of the consumer, the curvature of the ingot should not be more than 3 mm per 1 m length.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.9. Raznoshennoy hollow ingots and billets without mechanical treatment should not be more than:

for bars with diameter up to 300 mm incl. — 2 mm;

for billets with diameter over 300 mm — 3 mm.

2.10. Raznoshennoy hollow ingots after machining should not be more than:

for bars with diameter up to 300 mm incl. 1 mm;

for billets with diameter over 300 mm — 2 mm.

2.11. Cocina cutting solid bars should not be more than:

for bars with diameter up to 200 mm incl. — 3 mm;

for billets with diameter over 200 mm to 300 mm incl. — 4 mm;

for billets with diameter over 300 mm to 500 mm incl. — 5 mm;

for billets with diameter over 500 mm — 8 mm.

2.12. Cocina cutting hollow bars should not be more than:

for bars with diameter up to 200 mm incl. — 2 mm;

for billets with diameter over 200 mm to 300 mm incl. — 3 mm;

for billets with diameter over 300 mm to 500 mm incl. — 4 mm;

for billets with diameter over 500 mm — 8 mm.

2.11, 2.12. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

2.13. (Deleted, Rev. N 3).

2A. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

2A.1. Aluminium and its alloys in form of ingots of low-toxicity, fire and explosion proof.

2A.2. Aluminium and its alloys are substances of the 3rd hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007−76 and GOST 12.1.005−88 and the effects on the body are moderately hazardous substances predominantly fibrogenic action. Inhalation of dust and fumes of aluminum and its alloys can affect the upper respiratory tract and lungs to get irritated mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, eyes, and also to develop eczema and dermatitis.

The maximum permissible concentration of aerosols of aluminium and its alloys (in terms of aluminum) in the air of working area (MPC) 2 mg/m.

2A.3. Aluminium and its alloys in form of ingots conductive, you should avoid contact of the product with the wires under voltage.

2A.4. In terms of production must comply with the rules of General and personal hygiene and safety, avoid inhalation of dust and vapors of the molten metal, contact with eyes and skin. When you work should use personal protective equipment: respirators according to GOST 12.4.028−76, dustproof clothing according to GOST 12.4.099−80 and GOST 12.4.100−80, the glasses according to GOST 12.4.013−85*. When working with ingots of aluminium and aluminium alloys in paragraphs prolonged storage the use of special means of protection are required.
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.013−97.

During remelting ingots or recycling should be ensured drying of ingots and waste of aluminium and its alloys before loading into the melting furnace.

2B. REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2B.1. Under normal conditions of storage and transportation of aluminium and its alloys in form of ingots with no harmful effects on the environment.

2B.2. Harmful effects on the environment can be as a result of discharges and emissions of polluting substances in the production process in emergency situations (fire, explosion, flood).

In contact with aluminium and its alloys in the form of ingots into water, when exposed to aggressive substances (acid, lye) possible leaching of aluminium with the formation of aluminates, which has toxic impact on flora and fauna.

2B.3. The average daily maximum permissible concentration in air of populated areas (MPC) of aluminium and its alloys are not regulated, aluminum oxide (in terms of aluminum) is 0.01 mg/m.

The maximum allowable concentration of aluminium in water of water objects of drinking and cultural-domestic use (MPC) — 0.5 mg/L.

The maximum allowable concentration of aluminium in water of fishery water bodies (MPC) is 0.04 mg/L.

2B.4. Substandard products and waste should be returned to the manufacturing (remelting).

Sec. 2A, 2B. (Added, Rev. N 3).

3. ACCEPTANCE RULES

3.1. Bars show the acceptance by the parties. The party shall consist of ingots of one size of one or more heats.

At the request of the consumer, the weight of the batch shall not be less than 2000 kg.

Batch of ingots is accompanied by a document about quality that contains:

trademark or the name and trademark of manufacturer;

brand and heat treatment of the alloy;

batch number;

rooms heats;

the weight of the batch;

the number of ingots;

the results of the determination of the chemical composition of each heat and hydrogen content (for trunks it was determined);

the designation of this standard.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3.2. Quality control of the surface subjected to every ingot.

To control the size, curvature and skew of the cut is subjected to 10% ingots from the party, but not less than two ingots.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

3.3. Control of chemical composition is subjected to 3%, but not less than two bars from each batch and one ingot from each heat.

To control the chemical composition of the plant sampled from each heat of molten metal from the casting furnace at the beginning and end of the casting.

3.4. The inspection of internal defects of the ingot is subjected to three 100 heats. The determination is carried out periodically at the request of the consumer.

3.5. The hydrogen content in the melt in the casting of ingots is determined periodically, but not less than one definition a day from each filling of the furnace. The results of determining indicate in the document about the quality, certifying the quality of ingots.

3.6. If unsatisfactory test results of at least one indicator thereon, a second test of the doubled sample taken from the same batch. The results of repeated tests apply to the entire party.

3.3−3.6. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. Selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis according to GOST 24231−80.

The alloy’s chemical composition is determined by GOST 7727−81, GOST 12697.6−77, GOST 12697.7−77, GOST 11739.1−90, GOST 11739.2−90, GOST 11739.3−99, GOST 11739.4−90, GOST 11739.5−90, GOST 11739.6−99, GOST 11739.7−99, GOST 11739.8−90-GOST 11739.10−90, GOST 11739.11−98-GOST 11739.13−98, GOST 11739.14−99, GOST 11739.15−99, GOST 11739.16−90-GOST 11739.19−90, GOST 11739.20−99, GOST 11739.21−90, GOST 11739.22−90, GOST 11739.23−99, GOST 11739.24−98, GOST 25086−87.

Allowed to analyze other methods that are not inferior to mentioned above.

The differences in the evaluation of the chemical composition analysis is carried out according to GOST 12697.6−77, GOST 12697.7−77, GOST 11739.1−90, GOST 11739.2−90, 11739.3−99, GOST 11739.4−90, GOST 11739.5−90, GOST 11739.6−99, GOST 11739.7−99, GOST 11739.8−90-GOST 11739.10−90, GOST 11739.11−98-GOST 11739.13−98, GOST 11739.14−99, GOST 11739.15−99, GOST 11739.16−90-GOST 11739.19−90, GOST 11739.20−99, GOST 11739.21−90, GOST 11739.22−90, GOST 11739.23−99, GOST 11739.24−98, GOST 25086−87.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).

4.2. Determination of hydrogen content in liquid metal should be carried out according to GOST 21132.0−75.

4.3. The length of the ingot is measured by measuring the GOST 7502−98, or ruler according to GOST 427−75 from the Gating portion to pinch the sealing strip at the bottom along the length of the forming line.

The diameter of the ingot is measured from the Gating part of the ingot in two mutually perpendicular directions with a Vernier caliper according to GOST 166−89 or ruler according to GOST 427−75. Each dimension must correspond to the table.1.

The curvature of the ingot (a) determined using a steel wire with a diameter of not less than 0.2 mm according to GOST 2771−81 applied along the axis of the ingot to its full length from the Gating parts at a distance of 100 mm from the end to the bottom at a distance of 200 mm from the end, and the measure of the maximum deviation from the plane () are in millimeters with a ruler according to GOST 427−75 or gauges according to GOST 162−90. The curvature of the ingot is determined by dividing the obtained values by the length of the ingot.

Reza cosine () determine the greatest distance from the plane of the end face of the ingot to the vertical plane passing through the outermost point of the end face (see drawing).

Cosine of cut () is measured with metal gon according to GOST 3749−77 lying on one side on the plane of location of the ingot, and measuring with a ruler according to GOST 427−75. Measurement of the skew cut is performed on the two end planes.

To check the depth and height of the surface defects of the ingots should be applied to the depth indicator according to GOST 7661−67 or gauges according to GOST 162−90.

Allowed the use of other measuring instruments that provide the appropriate precision.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

4.4. The inspection of the surface of the ingots is carried out without the use of magnifying tools.

4.5. Quality control bars for internal defects is carried out on macrosections of templates.

For quality control of ingots from each of the selected ingot cross cut templet the thickness of 20−30 mm. For bars template the uncircumcised cut off from the bottom at a distance of 250−300 mm from the end.

For the preparation of macrosections template subjected to the trimming from the side adjacent to the ingot. The roughness of the processed surface should be not less than 20 microns.

Etched macrosections spend 10−20% sodium hydroxide solution for 10−20 min at room temperature not below 15 °C. After etching, the surface is washed with water and bleached 25−50% nitric acid solution to remove dark plaque with subsequent washing in water. Inspection of macrolife carried out without the use of magnifying tools.

Allowed to control the bars by ultrasonic technique according to the method agreed upon by the manufacturer and consumer.

The differences in the assessment of the quality of ingots for internal defects inspection is carried out on macrosections of templates.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

4.6. The roughness of the surface treatment checks visual inspection comparison with the samples surface roughness.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

5. MARKING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. At the end of each ingot metal stamp shall be affixed:

trademark of the manufacturer;

grade;

the melting number.

The height of the letters and figures shall be not less than 10 mm.

To denote the brand of alloy AD31 on one of the ends of the ingot indelibly put three yellow stripes.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

5.2. (Deleted, Rev. N 1).

5.3. Ingots weighing up to 500 kg transporterowych in packages weighing not more than 3 T. the Formation of packages of ingots is carried out in accordance with the rules of carriage of goods approved by the relevant departments. Each package should be fastened with studs, the amount of which depends on the mass of the package. For packages not exceeding a mass of 1 t the number of studs must not be less than 4; for packages weighing not more than 2 tonnes not less than 6; for packages with a mass not exceeding 3 t — 8.

As materials for bonding packages used aluminum rod with a diameter of not less than 9 mm according to GOST 13843−78 or other normative and technical documentation or annealed steel wire of diameter not less than 6 mm according to GOST 3282−74 or steel packing tape according to GOST 3560−73, GOST 4986−79 or other regulatory-technical documentation. Weight of wire rod is included in the net weight of the package and the party.

Means of binding is not designed to capture packets while performing loading and unloading operations.

Ingots with a mass of 500 kg and more no package.

Bars transporterowych rail, Maritime and road transport in accordance with cargo carriage regulations applicable to transport of this species.

Ingots with a mass of 500 kg and bags of ingots, weighing not more than 1 t transporterowych in covered wagons.

Ingots weighing more than 500 kg and bags of ingots weighing more than 1 ton transportyour on the open rolling stock.

Stowage and securing of cargoes transported by rail, must comply with the technical conditions of loading and fastening of cargoes.

Preparation of cargo for transportation by sea transport is carried out in accordance with GOST 26653−90.

By agreement with the consumer allowed the stacking of ingots weighing more than 500 kg and an increase in the weight of the package up to 10 tons.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2, 3).

5.4. Transport labeling bars or packets is carried out according to GOST 14192−96. For overpacks transported in open rolling stock, causing a handling mark «sling here».

When transporting bullion direct rail carload shipments transport marking applied to four parcels. On the other truck places indelibly indicate the weight of the cargo.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2, 3).

5.5. The bullion is stored in covered warehouses. Allowed storage of ingots in open areas.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

APPLICATION (reference). Codes of OKP cylindrical ingots of aluminium alloy AD31

APP
Reference

APP. (Added, Rev. N 1).