Steel 35HML
36CrNrL steel
Steel 40G1
Steel 35KhNML
Steel 35KhNL
Steel 35KhN2ML
Steel 35KhN2VL
Steel 35KhML
Steel 35KhGFL (35KhGF)
Steel 35KhGSL
35KhGL steel
Steel 35NGML
Steel 35GTRL
Steel 35GL
Steel 32X06L
30KhNML steel
30KhML steel
30XL steel
30ХГФРЛ steel
Steel 30ХГСФРЛ
30KhGSFL steel
30KhG1 steel
Steel 30Х3С3ГМЛ
30GSL steel
30GL steel
Steel 5MFRL
X8ML steel
X15L steel
KPL steel
VKL-5 steel
Steel 80GSL
Steel 75KhNMFL
Steel 70X2GL
70GL steel
Steel 60KhGL
5KhNML steel
Steel 5FL
Steel 28X11ML
Steel 55SL
50KhGL steel
Steel 45FL
45GL steel
40KhFL steel
40KhNL steel
40KhN2L steel
40KhML steel
40KhL steel
40KhGRL steel
40GTL steel
Steel 12Х2НМЛ (VKL-3М)
20GL steel
16KhGTL steel
Steel 16Х3МФЛ
15XL steel
15KhGSML steel
Steel 15Х1М1ФЛ
15GNFL steel
15GNL steel
15GL steel
Steel 13KhNDFTL
Steel 12Х7Г3СЛ
20GML steel
Steel 12Х2НВМЛ (VKL-3)
Steel 12DKhN1MFL
Steel 12DN2FL
08TL steel
Steel 08N6G4ML
08GNFL steel
08GNL steel
Steel 08GDNL (SL-30)
08G2FL steel
Steel 03N12H5M3TUL
Steel 03N12H5M3TL
20XL steel
Steel 25KhGSL
Steel 25KhGL
Steel 25Х2ГНМФЛ
Steel 25GSL
Steel 23ХГСС2МФЛ
Steel 23GNMFL
20KhNFL steel
20KhNL steel
20XHN3L steel
20KhMFL steel
20KhML steel
Steel 27Х5GSML
20KhGSL steel
Steel 20Х3МВФЛ (ЭИ415Л)
20FL steel
20DHL steel
20GFL steel (20G1FL)
20GTL steel
20GSL steel
20GNFL steel
20GNMYL steel
20GNMFL steel
Designation
| Name | The value |
|---|---|
| Designation GOST Cyrillic | 35ХМЛ |
| Designation GOST Latin | 35XML |
| Transliteration | 35HML |
| The chemical elements | 35CrMo |
Description
35HML steel is used: for the manufacture of castings, gears, joints, bushings, gear rims and wheels, furnace parts and other critical parts which have to meet the requirement of high strength and toughness, working under the action of high static and dynamic loads and require high hardness; performance parts mining equipment parts heavy and transport machine-building; casting parts mining and metallurgical machinery; casting parts, steam, gas, hydraulic turbines, and axial compressors.
Note
Cold-resistant steel.
Standards
| Name | Code | Standards |
|---|---|---|
| Castings with special properties (cast iron and steel) | В83 | GOST 21357-87, KSt 81-033:2009 |
| Castings, steel | В82 | GOST 977-88, OST 24.920.01-80, OST 3-4365-79, TU 108.11.352-87 |
| Welding and cutting of metals. Soldering, riveting | В05 | RTM 108.020.122-78 |
Chemical composition
| Standard | C | S | P | Mn | Cr | Si | Ni | Fe | Cu | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KSt 81-033:2009 | 0.3-0.4 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.04 | 0.4-0.9 | 0.8-1.1 | 0.2-0.4 | - | The rest | - | 0.2-0.3 |
| GOST 21357-87 | 0.3-0.4 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.02 | 0.4-0.9 | 0.9-1.1 | 0.2-0.4 | ≤0.3 | The rest | ≤0.3 | 0.2-0.3 |
Fe is the basis.
Mechanical characteristics
| Section, mm | t отпуска, °C | sT|s0,2, MPa | σB, MPa | d | y, % | kJ/m2, кДж/м2 | Brinell hardness number, MPa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardening in air, 860-870 °C + vacation at 600-650 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 100 | - | ≥540 | ≥687 | ≥12 | ≥25 | ≥392 | - |
| Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 10 | - | 520-590 | 754-840 | 13-18 | 30-43 | - | 229-255 |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Quenching with 860-870 °C + vacation | |||||||
| - | 600 | 740 | 830 | 22 | 52 | - | 250 |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air | |||||||
| - | - | 400-500 | 640-700 | 12-19 | 25-47 | - | - |
| Normalization at 860-880 °C + vacation at 600-650 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 100 | - | ≥392 | ≥589 | ≥12 | ≥20 | ≥294 | 163-225 |
| Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 100 | - | 390-450 | 690-750 | 13-19 | 22-53 | - | 216-255 |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Quenching with 860-870 °C + vacation | |||||||
| - | 650 | 700 | 830 | 26 | 55 | - | 238 |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air | |||||||
| - | - | 440-490 | 640-690 | 12-16 | 23-49 | - | - |
| Annealing at 850-870 °C, cooling with the furnace | |||||||
| 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 160-229 |
| Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 200 | - | 300-330 | 640-660 | 11-15 | 19-23 | - | 206 |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Quenching with 860-870 °C + vacation | |||||||
| - | 700 | 640 | 760 | 32 | 60 | - | 225 |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air | |||||||
| - | - | 450-590 | 680-780 | 9-14 | 17-41 | - | - |
| Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 30 | - | 500-520 | 730-750 | 15-22 | 32-44 | - | 229 |
| Casting. Quenching in oil with 890-910 °C + vacation at 620-640 °C, cooling in air or in oil (KCU-60) | |||||||
| - | - | ≥600 | ≥700 | ≥10 | ≥18 | ≥3 | - |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air | |||||||
| - | - | 410-530 | 650-720 | 12-20 | 36-62 | - | - |
| Normalization with 880-890 °C + vacation at 600 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 50 | - | 445-530 | 730-790 | 14-19 | 23-45 | - | 216-255 |
| Casting a cross section of 30 mm. Normalization at 920-930 °C + vacation at 580-600 °C, 1 h cooling with the furnace, then air | |||||||
| - | - | 345-425 | 445-550 | 17-21 | 51-74 | - | - |
| Annealing at 880-890 °C, air cooling up to 250-300 °C + aging 2 hours in a furnace at 250 °C + heat to 600-610 °C, air cooling + tempering in oil 870-880 °C + vacation at 630-640 °C, air cooling | |||||||
| 10 | - | 640-740 | 810-870 | 12-15 | 36-44 | - | 255-285 |
| 50 | - | 495-580 | 740-780 | 15-17 | 28-44 | - | - |
Description mechanical marks
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Section | Section |
| sT|s0,2 | Yield strength or limit of proportionality with a tolerance for residual deformation of 0.2% |
| σB | Limit short-term strength |
| d | Elongation after rupture |
| y | The relative narrowing |
| kJ/m2 | Toughness |
Physical characteristics
| Temperature | Е, ГПа | G, ГПа | r, кг/м3 | l, Вт/(м · °С) | R, НОм · м | a, 10-6 1/°С | С, Дж/(кг · °С) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 215 | 83 | 7840 | 47 | 242 | - | - |
| 20 | 215 | - | 7840 | 47 | 242 | - | - |
| 100 | 212 | 81 | - | 44 | 273 | 122 | 479 |
| 200 | 207 | 79 | - | 42 | 337 | 126 | 500 |
| 300 | 203 | 77 | - | 40 | 438 | 134 | 512 |
| 400 | 192 | 74 | - | 37 | 549 | 143 | 529 |
| 500 | 179 | 69 | - | 34 | 674 | 145 | 550 |
| 600 | 166 | 63 | - | 31 | 830 | 146 | 580 |
| 700 | 141 | 53 | - | 28 | 983 | 147 | 617 |
| 800 | 130 | 49 | - | 27 | 1120 | 122 | 689 |
| 900 | - | - | - | 27 | 1201 | 122 | 689 |
| 1100 | - | - | - | - | - | 127 | 685 |
A description of the physical symbols
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Е | The normal elasticity modulus |
| G | Modulus of elasticity shear torsion |
| r | Density |
| l | Coefficient of thermal conductivity |
| С | Specific heat |
Technological properties
| Name | The value |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Limited weldability. Welding methods - RDS, ADS under gas protection. Recommended heating and subsequent heat treatment. |
| Propensity to temper brittleness | Tend not. |
| Flock-sensitive sensitivity | Sensitive. |
| Workability by cutting | After quenching and tempering at NV 217-269 and blower SB=690-900 MPa Kn TV.SPL.=0,72 Kn b.St.=0,63. |
| Defect welding | Welding defects of castings after cutting is carried out with preliminary and attendant heating to 250-300 °C. Welding defects by manual welding is done with electrodes type e-09Х1М (GOST 9467) brand CO-2XM. After repair of defects by welding is applied heat treatment. |
