Titanium in the chemical and petrochemical industry
Relevance
Industrial chemistry is one of the main consumers of titanium rolled products in the national economy. In terms of titanium alloys consumption it shares the leading positions with aerospace industry. One of the main problems in chemical and petrochemical industry is corrosion protection. Along with technological development and continuous growth of productivity, the costs of corrosion protection of equipment and its replacement in case of breakdowns are also increasing. The most effective solution to such issues today is the use of new corrosion-resistant materials.
Advantages of titanium alloys
Titanium alloys effectively replace alternative materials such as:
1. Nickel alloys (Halstelloy "B" and "C");
2. High alloyed steel such as X23H28MDZT;
3. Stainless steels such as X18H10T;
4. Rare and precious metals;
5. Non-ferrous metals (tantalum, platinum, tin, niobium, copper);
6. Plastics.
Comparative analysis
Comparative analysis of metals and alloys which are used in modern chemical equipment showed that titanium provides maximum reduction of operating costs and increases failure-free operation. It became possible to simplify and improve designs. Labor-intensive and expensive lining work has been eliminated. The only downside is the massive capital investment required to install titanium equipment.
The first use of titanium equipment showed that titanium is a valuable construction material for making major equipment for the chemical and petrochemical industry. In 1954, Titanium Metals Corporation of America was the first company to use titanium to line a mixer that operated in a chlorine dioxide atmosphere, which caused rapid corrosion. Titanium equipment is produced in many countries, such as Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom, the United States, and others.
Use
There are a number of industries where the use of titanium is almost without alternative. Those are production facilities:
1. chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and chloric. acid;
2.Caustic;
3 Potassium, potassium chlorides, and potassium chlorates;
4. Sodium;
5. Magnesium;
6. Manganese;
7. Ammonium perchlorate;
8. Calcium hypochlorite;
9. Trichloroacetate;
10. Herbicides 2,4-D;
Lime chloride; 11;
Copper chloroxide; 12;
13. Ammonium chloride;
14. Carnallite;
15. Soda;
16. Bertholite salt;
17. Glauber salt;
18. Urea;
Nitric and sulfuric acid; 19;
20. Polychloroacetic acid; 20;
21. ethylbenzene;
22. Isopropylbenzene;
23. Organic glass;
24. Nitrosyl chloride, and melamine;
25. 2-3-dichloronaphthopon, 1,4-paraoxydiphy melamine;
26. Paranitroiniline, neozone D, isatin, chromolan;
27. Optically bleaching agents, polyethylene, and acetaldehyde;
28. Synthetic rubbers (chloronrepe, isoprepe);
29. Liquid thiocol, viscose fibers, and caprolactams;
30. Vinyl acetate;
31. Epoxy resin;
32. Pharmaceuticals such as: (gallic acid, iodine tincture, thyme extracts, digolene peo, water pepper, tannin, breast elixir, solutions for injection).
Chemical resistance
To date, there are more than 600 industrial products in which the chemical resistance of titanium has been well studied. In spite of this, corrosion testing is carried out when new technologies are used because compositions in the chemical industry tend to be multi-component. Therefore, even minor additives of any substance can fundamentally change the corrosion behavior of titanium. Mineral acid solutions and oxidizer additives have an inhibiting effect on titanium. It has been proven on numerous occasions that titanium parts do not corrode for 8 years in an environment containing sulfuric acid up to 200 g/l, where copper, nickel and iron salts are present, at a temperature of about 80 °C. Here's an example: a titanium pump can operate in a plant pumping 20% sulfuric acid at temperatures up to 90 °C, and will "eat" only 5 mm of corrosion in a year. Similar pumps in production work for quite a long time in solutions with 5-15% of hydrochloric acid, containing an admixture of iron chloride and magnesium.
Titanium is very resistant to corrosion in wet chlorine and chlorine derivatives which can cause ulcerative corrosion and corrosion cracking, as well as in organic compounds containing oxygen, chlorine, and in most chloride solutions. This is why titanium is so widely used in the chemical industry to make equipment. However, there have been some anomalous occurrences where, in practice, titanium has succumbed to corrosion in chlorine and chloride solution. Corrosion often occurs where there are cracks, gaps, and crevices, very often it is in those places where the collector and electrolyzer are connected. In order to avoid such troubles, the equipment should be rationally constructed in order to keep the risk of corrosion to a minimum.
In contact with other metals
Titanium becomes a cathode, thus in an aggressive environment it increases the corrosion of other metal that has contact with it. Here's an example. Stainless steel X18H10T or X17GSM2T plus brass or bronze. Often, such corrosion is ulcerous in nature, its development depends on the area of contact.
Titanium grades
Grade BT1-0 is remarkable resistance to corrosion at temperatures up to 350 ° C. The AT-3 alloy developed bySupplier
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