Extraction and general information about titanium
Titanium mining
The content of titanium ores in the earth’s crust is 0.6%. Titanium deposits are found everywhere. This element is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust. Richer deposits are only iron, aluminum and magnesium. Titanium production in the world is estimated at millions of tons per year. But the extraction of titanium and its production is associated with a number of difficulties due to the exceptional qualities of this metal.
Production
The main method of obtaining is the reduction of TiCl 4 under conditions of high temperatures with magnesium or sodium. Hot titanium easily absorbs atmospheric gases, and therefore, the main goal of production technologies is to minimize the contact of hot melt with N 2, O 2, H 2. The main disadvantage of the technology is the energy intensity of the process and high cost. Titanium alloys are classified according to the configuration of the crystal lattice; and according to the method of processing — they are divided into deformable and foundry.
General information about titanium
Sponge titanium, obtained by the reduction of TiCl 4 by various methods, has the following chemical composition
| Element | vacuum separation | Magnesium with salt leaching | Sodium with salt leaching |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.1 |
| H | 0.005 | --- | 0.05 |
| Fe | 0.12 | 0.1 | 0.06 |
| C | 0.02 | 0.025 | 0.02 |
| Cl | 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| mg | 0.08 | 0.05 | --- |
| O | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Physical Characteristics
| J/(kg deg) | MPa | Ohm m | W/(m deg) | kg/m3 | t°C | 1/grad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.586 | 8.2 | 1.12 | 8.37 | 4.45 | 20° | 1 |
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