The use of titanium in medicine
Relevance
Physicians are attracted to titanium by its inertness towards living tissues, combined with corrosion resistance, high mechanical qualities, availability and wear resistance. All these advantages have provided active interest in titanium and led to numerous clinical trials.
Corrosion resistance
Titanium is on a par with gold in this regard. Titanium is resistant in alkaline and acid solutions. In lymph, which is chemically similar to sea water, titanium corrodes at a rate of 0.2 mm per year (0.02 mm per 1000 years). Titanium alloys are resistant to hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde and gasoline. No corrosion was detected on titanium after repeated boiling and autoclave processing, several months of exposure to 3% chloramine solution, 96°C ethyl alcohol and bichloride solution. Pitting corrosion was detected in titanium alloys only after keeping them in 10% alcohol tincture of iodine for a few days.
Strength
Another positive property of titanium and its alloys is their high fatigue strength with respect to alternating loads. This is especially important in the production of intraosseous fixation devices as well as internal and external prostheses, which are subjected to alternating loads on a continuous basis.
Processing
Pure titanium is a sufficiently ductile metal that is amenable to all types of machining: grinding, drilling, milling and cutting. Besides, titanium is a non-magnetic material. This is a very valuable property. Thanks to it, physical therapy can be used during the treatment of patients who have titanium structures in their bodies. All these qualities make this metal very promising in the medical field.
Biological Inertness
The most important conclusion that came out after years of research was that titanium is an inert metal in relation to biological environments. Titanium structures are perfectly tolerated by the human body and grow into muscle and bone tissue. Titanium practically does not corrode in our body, the structure of the surrounding tissues does not change for many years. Titanium is chemically indifferent to all stainless steels and the widely used cobalt-based alloy ("vitallium"). It is also valuable that technically pure titanium has far fewer impurities than other alloys used in medicine.
Prosthetics
The possibilities of titanium use in medical equipment have been studied especially thoroughly at All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Surgical Equipment and Instruments. Recently specialists of the Titanium Institute and a number of medical associations have joined the research work. For the first time titanium alloys were used in surgery during creation of eyeball prosthesis. The long search for the metal led specialists to the titanium alloy grade BT5. The resulting prosthesis was twice as light as the similar items made of Х18Н9Т steel (considering the diameter of 20 mm the weight of steel prosthesis was 3,2 g and the weight of titanium prosthesis was 1,6 g). Long clinical observations and toxicological studies showed the biological inertness of the product. After the successful completion of the titanium prosthesis of the eyeball, this metal has been used in the construction of other prostheses, including those with load-bearing working parts.
Surgical instruments
At present more than 200 names of different surgical instruments are used in clinical institutions. They have been tested at the Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, at the A. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, at the Zaporozhye Institute for Advanced Medical Training and at the Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases Clinic of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training. All instruments were positively evaluated by specialists. Plate hooks, mirrors, and wound spreaders, i.e. instruments with a large working area that do not experience large working loads, were made with sections reduced by 30%, which, in turn, reduced the weight of the product by 50%.
Relevance
Tools from titanium alloys, are characterized by biological inertness, high corrosion resistance, durability and plasticity. The designers were faced with the task to create the tools superior in their advantages to the ones made of stainless steels. To preserve the functional properties of titanium tools like tweezers and clamps the sections of individual elements are increased by 10-30%, but the weight of the products is reduced by 30-35% in comparison with steel samples. After heat treatment, the hardness of the tools is HRC35-38.
Combination tools
For cutting tools we used the combined scheme: removable working parts were made of corresponding steel and handles - of titanium alloys. Such products include surgical hooks, scalpels with removable blades and chisels. The cutting edge of fixed instruments was made of steel and handles were made of titanium alloys. All elements were connected by means of rivets or press fit - rod tools, scissors.
Tests
The fact that titanium does not have high hardness and cutting properties prevents wider use of this metal in surgical instruments. Therefore, making titanium capable of cutting and increasing its hardness is a task of paramount importance. The main difficulty lies in the fact that modern industrial methods of hardening cannot be applied to medical instruments, because there are special requirements for them. In addition, medical instruments and devices work under specific conditions (contact with iodine, physiological solution, sterilization by boiling).
Treatment
At the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Surgical Instruments and Instruments, chemical-thermal and thermal treatments (i.e. alphidation and nitriding) were performed to increase metal hardness, wear resistance and reduce the friction coefficient. Using anodizing, the products received a color film of different shades (purple, green, purple, and gold). All samples were sterilized through an autoclave at 180 °C. After each cycle, the color change of the coating and the appearance of corrosion spots were studied. The strongest and most corrosion-resistant film was the oxide film in gold, purple and violet.
Sets
Titanium medical instruments are 20-30% lighter than steel items, yet they are more comfortable and durable as well as having better corrosion resistance. Employees of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute on the basis of the obtained data have developed and produced the experimental sets of the instruments from titanium alloys for dentistry, otorhinolaryngology and general surgery. The set for general surgery included styptic clamps, plate forceps and double-sided hooks, V-shaped wire hook, scalpel with detachable blades, liver mirrors and other articles - a total of 27 items (the weight of all tools is 1.59 kilograms). The ENT kit for otorhinolaryngologic operations included a tracheotomy dilator with a spring, a "Lira" wound spreader, ear forceps, a tracheotomy hook, ear funnels, and tampon forceps (total weight 235 grams). The set of dental instruments has passed all tests at the Central Research Institute of Dentistry.
Orthopedics
Currently, bone fractures are often treated with metal osteosynthesis. It uses rods, which provide immobility to the fragments, contributing to the process of consolidation of the fracture. But many patients subsequently experience various complications associated with the use of stainless steel structures. The inhomogeneity of the steel, both chemical and structural, often causes the fixators to fail, and this leads to fractures of the entire structure. Bone tissue is damaged by corrosion products, and electrical conductivity and ionization phenomena are observed. Iron ions begin to interact with the physiological salts of the body, which causes inflammation and severe pain. Therefore, even the highest quality stainless steel is not the best material for osteosynthesis.
Bone fixators
The use of titanium in the production of bone fixation devices makes it possible to avoid the above-mentioned complications thanks to the biological neutrality of this metal. Thus, titanium structures can be used for long-term (or even permanent) stay in the human body. This is especially important if osteosynthesis is performed on elderly people, because the use of titanium can save the patient from having to undergo surgery to remove the fixation.
Titanium Constructions
Thanks to titanium, complex shapes can be used in the treatment of periarticular fractures. In the past, such structures were not used because of the difficulty in removing them. Nowadays, terminals (titanium staples) are used in skeletal traction techniques. In the Soviet Union,
Arthroplasty
Joint prostheses and various other titanium constructions are successfully developed by the staff of the Moscow Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics under the guidance of Professor
Dentistry
In the manufacture of plastic dentures, a white crystalline substance, which is titanium dioxide, is used in domestic dentistry in order to obtain a cosmetic effect. But for dental prostheses it is possible to use both compounds of titanium with oxygen and structural titanium - it is biologically inert, strong, light enough and well machinable metal.
Staples
Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery headed by Associate Professor
Furnizor
Are you interested in Titanium in medicine? Titanium applications in medicine from the supplier "Auremo" meets GOST and international quality standards, the price is optimal from the supplier. We offer to buy products from specialized warehouses with delivery to any city. Buy today. Wholesale customers favorable price.
Buy at a bargain price.
Titanium applications in medicine from the supplier "Auremo" is offered today at an optimal price. The widest selection of products is in stock. Always in stock titanium, the price - due to the technological features of production without the inclusion of additional costs. Optimal price from the supplier. Buy today. Waiting for your orders. We have the best price-quality ratio for the whole range of products. Experienced managers - will promptly help you to buy titanium in bulk or by installments. Regular customers can buy titanium rolled products with discount discount.
Relevance
Physicians are attracted to titanium by its inertness towards living tissues, combined with corrosion resistance, high mechanical qualities, availability and wear resistance. All these advantages have provided active interest in titanium and led to numerous clinical trials.
Corrosion resistance
Titanium is on a par with gold in this regard. Titanium is resistant in alkaline and acid solutions. In lymph, which is chemically similar to sea water, titanium corrodes at a rate of 0.2 mm per year (0.02 mm per 1000 years). Titanium alloys are resistant to hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde and gasoline. No corrosion was detected on titanium after repeated boiling and autoclave processing, several months of exposure to 3% chloramine solution, 96°C ethyl alcohol and bichloride solution. Pitting corrosion was detected in titanium alloys only after keeping them in 10% alcohol tincture of iodine for a few days.
Strength
Another positive property of titanium and its alloys is their high fatigue strength with respect to alternating loads. This is especially important in the production of intraosseous fixation devices as well as internal and external prostheses, which are subjected to alternating loads on a continuous basis.
Processing
Pure titanium is a sufficiently ductile metal that is amenable to all types of machining: grinding, drilling, milling and cutting. Besides, titanium is a non-magnetic material. This is a very valuable property. Thanks to it, physical therapy can be used during the treatment of patients who have titanium structures in their bodies. All these qualities make this metal very promising in the medical field.
Biological Inertness
The most important conclusion that came out after years of research was that titanium is an inert metal in relation to biological environments. Titanium structures are perfectly tolerated by the human body and grow into muscle and bone tissue. Titanium practically does not corrode in our body, the structure of the surrounding tissues does not change for many years. Titanium is chemically indifferent to all stainless steels and the widely used cobalt-based alloy ("vitallium"). It is also valuable that technically pure titanium has far fewer impurities than other alloys used in medicine.
Prosthetics
The possibilities of titanium use in medical equipment have been studied especially thoroughly at All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Surgical Equipment and Instruments. Recently specialists of the Titanium Institute and a number of medical associations have joined the research work. For the first time titanium alloys were used in surgery during creation of eyeball prosthesis. The long search for the metal led specialists to the titanium alloy grade BT5. The resulting prosthesis was twice as light as the similar items made of Х18Н9Т steel (considering the diameter of 20 mm the weight of steel prosthesis was 3,2 g and the weight of titanium prosthesis was 1,6 g). Long clinical observations and toxicological studies showed the biological inertness of the product. After the successful completion of the titanium prosthesis of the eyeball, this metal has been used in the construction of other prostheses, including those with load-bearing working parts.
Surgical instruments
At present more than 200 names of different surgical instruments are used in clinical institutions. They have been tested at the Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, at the A. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, at the Zaporozhye Institute for Advanced Medical Training and at the Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases Clinic of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training. All instruments were positively evaluated by specialists. Plate hooks, mirrors, and wound spreaders, i.e. instruments with a large working area that do not experience large working loads, were made with sections reduced by 30%, which, in turn, reduced the weight of the product by 50%.
Relevance
Tools from titanium alloys, are characterized by biological inertness, high corrosion resistance, durability and plasticity. The designers were faced with the task to create the tools superior in their advantages to the ones made of stainless steels. To preserve the functional properties of titanium tools like tweezers and clamps the sections of individual elements are increased by 10-30%, but the weight of the products is reduced by 30-35% in comparison with steel samples. After heat treatment, the hardness of the tools is HRC35-38.
Combination tools
For cutting tools we used the combined scheme: removable working parts were made of corresponding steel and handles - of titanium alloys. Such products include surgical hooks, scalpels with removable blades and chisels. The cutting edge of fixed instruments was made of steel and handles were made of titanium alloys. All elements were connected by means of rivets or press fit - rod tools, scissors.
Tests
The fact that titanium does not have high hardness and cutting properties prevents wider use of this metal in surgical instruments. Therefore, making titanium capable of cutting and increasing its hardness is a task of paramount importance. The main difficulty lies in the fact that modern industrial methods of hardening cannot be applied to medical instruments, because there are special requirements for them. In addition, medical instruments and devices work under specific conditions (contact with iodine, physiological solution, sterilization by boiling).
Treatment
At the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Surgical Instruments and Instruments, chemical-thermal and thermal treatments (i.e. alphidation and nitriding) were performed to increase metal hardness, wear resistance and reduce the friction coefficient. Using anodizing, the products received a color film of different shades (purple, green, purple, and gold). All samples were sterilized through an autoclave at 180 °C. After each cycle, the color change of the coating and the appearance of corrosion spots were studied. The strongest and most corrosion-resistant film was the oxide film in gold, purple and violet.
Sets
Titanium medical instruments are 20-30% lighter than steel items, yet they are more comfortable and durable as well as having better corrosion resistance. Employees of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute on the basis of the obtained data have developed and produced the experimental sets of the instruments from titanium alloys for dentistry, otorhinolaryngology and general surgery. The set for general surgery included styptic clamps, plate forceps and double-sided hooks, V-shaped wire hook, scalpel with detachable blades, liver mirrors and other items - a total of 27 items (the weight of all tools is 1.59 kilograms). The ENT kit for otorhinolaryngologic operations included a tracheotomy dilator with a spring, a "Lira" wound spreader, ear forceps, a tracheotomy hook, ear funnels, and tampon forceps (total weight 235 grams). The set of dental instruments has passed all tests at the Central Research Institute of Dentistry.
Orthopedics
Currently, bone fractures are often treated with metal osteosynthesis. It uses rods, which provide immobility to the fragments, contributing to the process of consolidation of the fracture. But many patients subsequently experience various complications associated with the use of stainless steel structures. The inhomogeneity of the steel, both chemical and structural, often causes the fixators to fail, and this leads to fractures of the entire structure. Bone tissue is damaged by corrosion products, and electrical conductivity and ionization phenomena are observed. Iron ions begin to interact with the physiological salts of the body, which causes inflammation and severe pain. Therefore, even the highest quality stainless steel is not the best material for osteosynthesis.
Bone fixators
The use of titanium in the production of bone fixation devices makes it possible to avoid the above-mentioned complications thanks to the biological neutrality of this metal. Thus, titanium structures can be used for long-term (or even permanent) stay in the human body. This is especially important if osteosynthesis is performed on elderly people, because the use of titanium can save the patient from having to undergo surgery to remove the fixation.
Titanium Constructions
Thanks to titanium, complex shapes can be used in the treatment of periarticular fractures. In the past, such structures were not used because of the difficulty in removing them. Nowadays, terminals (titanium staples) are used in skeletal traction techniques. In the Soviet Union,
Arthroplasty
Joint prostheses and various other titanium constructions are successfully developed by the staff of the Moscow Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics under the guidance of Professor
Dentistry
In the manufacture of plastic dentures, a white crystalline substance, which is titanium dioxide, is used in domestic dentistry in order to obtain a cosmetic effect. But for dental prostheses it is possible to use both compounds of titanium with oxygen and structural titanium - it is biologically inert, strong, light enough and well machinable metal.
Staples
Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery headed by Associate Professor
Furnizor
Are you interested in Titanium in medicine? Titanium applications in medicine from the supplier "Auremo" meets GOST and international quality standards, the price is optimal from the supplier. We offer to buy products from specialized warehouses with delivery to any city. Buy today. Wholesale customers favorable price.
Buy at a bargain price.
Titanium applications in medicine from the supplier "Auremo" is offered today at an optimal price. The widest selection of products is in stock. Always in stock titanium, the price - due to the technological features of production without the inclusion of additional costs. Optimal price from the supplier. Buy today. Waiting for your orders. We have the best price-quality ratio for the whole range of products. Experienced managers - will promptly help you to buy titanium in bulk or by installments. Regular customers can buy titanium rolled products with discount discount.
