Magnetic properties of stainless and hardened steel
Ferritic and martensitic rolled steel have magnetic characteristics. Non-magnetic grades include austenitic chromium-nickel and chromium-manganese-nickel steel.
Ferritic grades.
Ferritic grades are very corrosion-resistant, but unlike austenitic grades, they do not harden by quenching and ageing. Ferritic grades contain 10.5-27% Cr and a small proportion of nickel and molybdenum (2-4%); some grades contain aluminium or titanium. Typical ferritic alloys include 18%Cr + 2%Mo, 26%Cr + 1%Mo, 29%Cr + 4%Mo, and 29%Cr + 4%Mo + 2%Ni.
Martensitic grades.
These are not as resistant to corrosion as the first two grades, but they are exceptionally strong and resilient. They are magnetic alloys, can be milled, and are hardened by quenching and aging. Such steel has 12-14% Cr, 0.2-1% Mo, no nickel, and about 0.1-1% carbon, which gives strength but also brittleness. This type of steel is known as the "00 series.
Austenitic grades
Types and grades of stainless steel differ in crystalline structure: Austenitic alloys account for more than 70% of rolled steel. They contain up to 0.15% carbon, at least 16% chromium and enough nickel and/or manganese to maintain the austenitic structure from cryogenic temperature to melting point. The classic composition (containing 18% Cr and 10%, Ni) is known as 18/10 and is used for stamping cutlery. 18/10 and 18/8, the "Super Austenitic" stainless steel grades - AL-6XN and 254SMO - are very resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion due to the high proportion of molybdenum (> 6%) with a touch of nitrogen, while the higher percentage of nickel increases resistance to corrosion cracking.
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