35KHM steel
06X1 steel
06X1F steel
06XGR steel
06XF steel
07Cr3HNMuA steel
Steel 08GDNF (SL-2; 08GDNFL)
08Cr2G2FA steel
Steel 08KhMFCH (08KhMFCH)
Steel 08KhMHA (08KhMCH)
Steel 09GSFA (09GSF)
Steel 09N2MFBA (09N2MFBA-A)
Steel 09SFA (09SF)
09ХГ2НАБч steel
Steel 09KhN2MD (AB2-SH1)
Steel 09KhN3MD (AB3)
Steel 09KhN4MD (AB4)
Steel 10G2 (10G2A)
Steel 10GN (10GNA)
Steel 10Х1С2М
Steel 10Х2ГНМ (10Х2ГНМА)
Steel 10Х2М1 (10Х2М1А)
10Х3ГНМЯА steel
Steel 10ХН3МД (АБ2-Ш2)
Steel 12G1P
Steel 12Х2Н4А (ЭИ83)
Steel 12Х2НВФА (ЭИ712)
Steel 12Х2НВФМА (ЭП506; ЭИ712М)
Steel 12Х2НМ1ФА
Steel 12Kh2NMFA
Steel 12ХГН2МФБДАЮ (VS-4)
12XHNM steel
12CrNiMoV Steel
12KhN steel
12XH2 steel
12XH2A steel
Steel 12KhN2MD (AB1)
12KhN3A steel
12XHN3MD steel (AB2; 12XHN3MDF)
12XHN4MBD steel (AB2P)
Steel 138 IZ-2
13H2HA steel
Steel 13H5A
Steel 13Х3НВМ2Ф (DI45; VKS-4)
Steel 13ХГМРБ
13CrNi2MoD steel
13CrNi2MoFd steel
Steel 13KhGSN1MD
Steel 13KhFA (13KhF)
Steel 14N2MFD (14N2MFDA)
Steel 14Х2ГМР
Steel 14Х2Н3МА
14Cr3GMu steel
Steel 14ХГ2САФД
Steel 14ХГН
Steel 14ХГНН2МДАФБ (14ХГНМДАФБ)
Steel 14ХГННМДФБРТ (14ХГНМД)
Steel 14KhGSN2MA (EP176; DI3A)
Steel 14ХН3МА
Steel 15G (15G1)
15GUT steel
Steel 15H2M (15NM)
15H3MA steel
15X steel
15Kh1SMFB steel
15Cr2Hn2TA steel
Steel 15Kh2HN2TRA
15KhA steel
15CrNi2MaFach steel
15CrNi2TA steel (15CrNi2TA)
15KhGNM steel (15KhGNMA)
15KhMFA steel (15KhMF)
15KhN3 steel
15Cr steel
15KhSMFB steel (EP79)
15KhFA steel (15KhF)
Steel 16G2
Steel 16Х2Н3МФБАЮ (16Х2Н3МФАБ; VKS7)
Steel 16Х3НВФМБ (VKS-5; DI39)
Steel 16ХГ (АЦ16ХГ)
Steel 16ХГТА (ЭИ274)
Steel 16ХН3МА
16KhSN steel
Steel 17H3MA
17KhG steel
Steel 18Г2ХФЯД
Steel 18Kh2H4VA
Steel 18Kh2H4MA
18CrNiG Steel
18ХГН2МФБ steel
18KhGT steel
18XH2T steel
18KhN3MA steel
18KhNVA steel
Steel 18KhNMFD (18KhNMFDA)
Steel 19Х2НВФА (ЭИ763)
Steel 19Kh2NMFA
Steel 19KhGN
Steel 19ХГНМА (19ХГНМ)
Steel 19ХГСС
Steel 20G (20G1)
Steel 20G2
Steel 20G2AF (20G2AFps)
20G2P steel
20GUT steel
Steel 20H2M (20NM)
Steel 20F (20FA)
20X steel
Steel 20X2MA
Steel 20X2MFA
Steel 20X2H4A
Steel 20Х2Н4МФ (20Х2Н4МФА)
Steel 20Kh3NMF (20Kh3NMFA)
20XHNM steel
20KhGNMT steel (20KhGNMTA)
Steel 20ХГНР
20XHNTR steel
20XGR steel
20KhGSA steel
Steel 20ХГСР
20XM steel
20KhN steel
Steel 20KhN2M (20KhNM)
20KhN3A steel
20KhN3MFA steel (20KhN3MF)
20KhN4FA steel
20KhNR steel
20KhFA steel (20KhF)
Steel 21N5A (EI56)
Steel 21Х2НВФА
Steel 21Х2НМФА
Steel 22KhGNMA (22KhGNM)
22XHNM steel
Steel 23G2D
Steel 23Х2НВФА (ЭИ659)
Steel 23Х2НМФА
Steel 23KhN2M
Steel 24G2
Steel 24Kh3MF (24Kh3MFA)
24CrNiM Steel
Steel 25G (25G2)
50G steel
Steel 50G2
50X steel
50KhN steel
5XHNM2 steel
85GF steel
AK32 steel
AK33 steel
AK34 steel
AK35 steel
AK36 steel
AK37 steel
AK48 steel
AK49 steel
AK50 steel
Steel 25H
Steel 25H3A
Steel 25Kh2H4VA
Steel 25Х2Н4МА
Steel 25ХГ2СФР
25KhGM steel
Steel 25KhGNMA (25KhGNM)
Steel 25KhGNMT (25KhGNMTA)
25KhGSA steel
Steel 25KhGT
25CrM steel
Steel 25KhN3
Steel 25KhNTZ
Steel 26G1
Steel 26Х1МА (26Х1М)
Steel 26Х2НВМБР (KVK-26)
Steel 26KhGM
Steel 26ХГМФ (26ХГМФА)
Steel 26KhMA (26KhM; 25KhM)
Steel 27XGR
Steel 30G (30G1)
30G1P steel
Steel 30G2
30T steel
30X steel
Steel 30X2H2VFA
Steel 30X2H2VFMA
Steel 30Kh2NVA
Steel 30Kh2NVFA
Steel 30Kh2NVFMA
Steel 30Kh2NMA
Steel 30Х2НМФА (30Х2НМФ)
Steel 30Kh3MF
30Kh3MFSA steel
30Kh3NVA steel
30CGS steel
30KhGSA steel
30KhGT steel
30XM steel
30KhMA steel
Steel 30KhN2VA
Steel 30KhN2VFA
Steel 30KhN2MA (30KhNMA)
30KhN2MFA steel
30KhN3A steel
30KhN3M steel
Steel 30KhNMFA (30KhNVFA)
30KhRA steel
Steel 30ХСНВФА (ВП30)
Steel 32G2
Steel 32G2S
Steel 32Х2НВМБР (KVK-32)
Steel 33Kh3SNMVFA (SP33; EP613)
Steel 33XHN3MA
Steel 33HS
Steel 34KhN1VA (0KhN1V)
Steel 34KhN3M
Steel 35G
Steel 35G1P
Steel 35G2
Steel 35X
Steel 35Cr2YuF
Steel 35CrNi2
35KhGSA steel
Steel 35CrM
Steel 35KhN2F
Steel 35KHN3MA (35KHN3M)
Steel 36G2S
Steel 36G2SR
Steel 36Х2Н2МФА (36ХН1МФА)
Steel 37G2S
Steel 37Х2НВМБР (КВК-37)
37KhN3A steel
38Cr2MuA steel (38Cr2MuA)
Steel 38Kh2H2VA
Steel 38Kh2H2MA (38KhNMA)
38X2H3M steel
38X2HM steel
38Kh2NMF steel
38Kh2Yu (38Kh2YuA) steel
38KhA steel
38KhGM steel
38KhGN steel
38CrNiM steel
38KhGSA steel (38KhGS)
Steel 38KhM (42KhM)
38KhMA steel
38KhN3VA steel
38KhN3MA steel
38HS steel
Steel 38KhFR (40KhFR)
40G steel
Steel 40G2
Steel 40GR (40G1P)
Steel 40Kh (40KhA)
Steel 40X2H2VA
Steel 40X2H2MA
Alloy 40Kh3M2FA (USP-40)
40KhGNM steel
40KhGSMA steel
40KhGTR steel
Steel 40KhMFA (40KhMF)
40KhN steel
Steel 40KhN2VA (40KhNVA)
Steel 40KhN2MA (40KhNMA)
40KhR steel
40HS steel
40KhSN2MA steel
Steel 40KhFA (40KhF)
Steel 42Х2НВМБР (KVK-42)
Steel 42Х2НМБР (ABO70Н)
Steel 42KhMFA (42KhMF)
Steel 44Х2НМБР (ABO70В)
45G steel
Steel 45G2
45X steel
45KhN steel
45KhN2MFA steel (45KhNMFA)
Steel 47GT
48KhN3M steel
Designation
| Name | The value |
|---|---|
| Designation GOST Cyrillic | 35ХМ |
| Designation GOST Latin | 35XM |
| Transliteration | 35HM |
| The chemical elements | 35CrMo |
Description
35KHM steel is used: for the production of turbine components, shafts, gears, spindles, pins, bolts, nuts, flanges, wheels, tires, rods and other critical parts operating under conditions of high loads and velocities at temperatures up to 450−500 °C; to improve the production of various parts: shafts, axles, gears, brake bands of motors, flanges, housings plating, blades, compressor machines, levers, Cam followers; responsible welded structures, operating at alternating loads; for the manufacture of parts of valves by conducting the heat treatment.
Note
Structural steel high-quality chrome-molybdenum.
Standards
| Name | Code | Standards |
|---|---|---|
| Sheets and stripes | В23 | GOST 103-2006 |
| Sectional and shaped rolling | В32 | GOST 1051-73, GOST 4543-71, GOST 7417-75, GOST 8559-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 14955-77, TU 14-1-2118-77, TU 14-11-245-88, TU 14-1-2252-2007, TU 14-1-5228-93, TU 14-136-367-2008 |
| Sectional and shaped rolling | В22 | GOST 1133-71, GOST 8319.0-75, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 2879-2006 |
| Metal forming. Forgings | В03 | GOST 8479-70, OST 5Р.9125-84, TU 0306.018-80, ST ЦКБА 010-2004 |
| Bulls. Blanks. Slabs | В31 | OST 3-1686-90, TU 14-1-4944-90 |
| Thermal and thermochemical treatment of metals | В04 | ST ЦКБА 026-2005 |
Chemical composition
| Standard | C | S | P | Mn | Cr | Si | Ni | Fe | Cu | V | Ti | Mo | W |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOST 4543-71 | 0.32-0.4 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.8-1.1 | 0.17-0.37 | ≤0.3 | The rest | ≤0.3 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.03 | 0.15-0.25 | ≤0.2 |
Fe is the basis.
According to GOST 4543-71 the content in high-quality steel is regulated: P≤0,025%; S≤0.025%; Сu≤0.30%; in high-grade steel: P≤0,025%; S≤0.015%; Сu≤0.25%.
According to GOST 4543-71 the content in high-quality steel is regulated: P≤0,025%; S≤0.025%; Сu≤0.30%; in high-grade steel: P≤0,025%; S≤0.015%; Сu≤0.25%.
Mechanical characteristics
| Section, mm | t отпуска, °C | sT|s0,2, MPa | σB, MPa | d5, % | y, % | kJ/m2, кДж/м2 | Brinell hardness number, MPa | HRC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quenching in oil from 840-860 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on the thickness and weight of the workpiece) with the following tempering in the air | ||||||||
| ≤120 | 600-630 | 590 | 785 | 15 | 50 | 686 | 235-277 | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| ≤40 | - | 1370 | 1570 | 12 | 38 | - | - | 49-53 |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C + vacation | ||||||||
| - | 300 | 1390 | 1570 | 9 | 44 | 490 | 450 | - |
| Discs 755-915 mm, thickness of 35-110 mm. Bushing diameter 115-400 mm NV 212-223 [29]. Sample longitudinal | ||||||||
| - | - | 430-480 | 580-690 | 7 | 16-23 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil from 840-860 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on the thickness and weight of the workpiece) with the following tempering in the air | ||||||||
| ≤200 | 640-660 | 490 | 685 | 15 | 45 | 588 | 212-248 | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| 500-800 | - | 345 | 590 | 12 | 33 | 390 | 174-217 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C + vacation | ||||||||
| - | 400 | 1310 | 1410 | 10 | 50 | 590 | 400 | - |
| Discs 755-915 mm, thickness of 35-110 mm. Bushing diameter 115-400 mm NV 212-223 [29]. Sample longitudinal | ||||||||
| - | - | 365 | 430 | 7 | 13-30 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil from 840-860 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on the thickness and weight of the workpiece) with the following tempering in the air | ||||||||
| ≤50 | 560-580 | 785-880 | 980 | 11 | 45 | 686 | 293-331 | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| 100-300 | - | 395 | 615 | 15 | 40 | 540 | 187-229 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C + vacation | ||||||||
| - | 500 | 1080 | 1200 | 15 | 54 | 880 | 350 | - |
| Discs 755-915 mm, thickness of 35-110 mm. Bushing diameter 115-400 mm NV 212-223 [29]. Sample tangential | ||||||||
| - | - | 420-510 | 610-710 | 17 | 54-61 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil from 840-860 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on the thickness and weight of the workpiece) with the following tempering in the air | ||||||||
| ≤80 | 560-600 | 640-785 | 785 | 13 | 42 | 588 | 229-286 | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| 300-500 | - | 395 | 615 | 13 | 35 | 490 | 187-229 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C + vacation | ||||||||
| - | 600 | 840 | 930 | 19 | 63 | 1470 | 270 | - |
| Discs 755-915 mm, thickness of 35-110 mm. Bushing diameter 115-400 mm NV 212-223 [29]. Sample tangential | ||||||||
| - | - | 390 | 550 | 17 | 64 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil from 840-860 °C (exposure for 2.5-4.0 hours depending on the thickness and weight of the workpiece) with the following tempering in the air | ||||||||
| ≤30 | 200-220 | 1176-1274 | 1372 | 10 | 45 | 490 | - | 48.4-52.2 |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| 500-800 | - | 395 | 615 | 11 | 30 | 390 | 187-229 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C + vacation | ||||||||
| - | 700 | 660 | 730 | 20 | 70 | 1960 | 220 | - |
| Discs 755-915 mm, thickness of 35-110 mm. Bushing diameter 115-400 mm NV 212-223 [29]. Sample tangential | ||||||||
| - | - | 355 | 440 | 18 | 74 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil from 850 °C + vacation at 560 °C, cooling in water or oil | ||||||||
| ≤25 | - | 835 | 930 | 12 | 45 | 765 | - | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| ≤100 | - | 440 | 635 | 16 | 45 | 590 | 197-235 | - |
| Discs 755-915 mm, thickness of 35-110 mm. Bushing diameter 115-400 mm NV 212-223 [29]. Sample tangential | ||||||||
| - | - | 335 | 400 | 18 | 75 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil with 850-870 °C + vacation at 180-200 °C, air cooling | ||||||||
| 50-80 | 640 | 810 | - | - | 40 | 579 | 260-322 | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| 100-300 | - | 440 | 635 | 14 | 40 | 540 | 197-235 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C to + vacation at 650 °C [82] | ||||||||
| - | - | 770 | 880 | 22 | 66 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil with 850-870 °C + vacation at 560-620 °C, air cooling | ||||||||
| 80-120 | - | 590 | 780 | - | 40 | 579 | 229-285 | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| 300-500 | - | 440 | 635 | 13 | 35 | 490 | 197-235 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C to + vacation at 650 °C [82] | ||||||||
| - | - | 570 | 730 | 23 | 71 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil 850-880 °C to + leave in 585-650 °C | ||||||||
| 100-120 | - | 710 | 900 | 13 | 42 | 638 | - | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| ≤100 | - | 490 | 655 | 16 | 45 | 590 | 212-248 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C to + vacation at 650 °C [82] | ||||||||
| - | - | 550 | 670 | 23 | 78 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil 850-880 °C to + leave in 585-650 °C | ||||||||
| 120-150 | - | 600 | 800 | 14 | 45 | 638 | - | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| 100-300 | - | 490 | 655 | 13 | 40 | 540 | 212-248 | - |
| Quenching in oil at 880 °C to + vacation at 650 °C [82] | ||||||||
| - | - | 490 | 550 | 22 | 86 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil 850-880 °C to + leave in 585-650 °C | ||||||||
| 150-200 | - | 500 | 700 | 16 | 45 | 589 | - | - |
| Hardening + Vacation | ||||||||
| ≤100 | - | 590 | 735 | 14 | 45 | 590 | 235-277 | - |
| Rod. Normalization of 880 °C, the release of 650 °C, 2 h HB 207 | ||||||||
| - | - | 525 | 700 | 22 | 69 | - | - | - |
| Quenching in oil 850-880 °C to + leave in 585-650 °C | ||||||||
| 100 | - | 750 | 950 | 13 | 42 | 638 | - | - |
| Normalization | ||||||||
| 300-500 | - | 245 | 470 | 17 | 35 | 340 | 143-179 | - |
| Rod. Normalization of 880 °C, the release of 650 °C, 2 h HB 207 | ||||||||
| - | - | 420 | 650 | 26 | 75 | - | - | - |
| Normalization | ||||||||
| 500-800 | - | 245 | 470 | 15 | 30 | 340 | 143-179 | - |
| Rod. Normalization of 880 °C, the release of 650 °C, 2 h HB 207 | ||||||||
| - | - | 400 | 540 | 24 | 80 | - | - | - |
| Normalization | ||||||||
| 100-300 | - | 275 | 530 | 17 | 38 | 340 | 156-197 | - |
| Rod. Normalization of 880 °C, the release of 650 °C, 2 h HB 207 | ||||||||
| - | - | 385 | 470 | 25 | 84 | - | - | - |
| Normalization | ||||||||
| 300-500 | - | 275 | 530 | 15 | 32 | 290 | 156-197 | - |
| Rod. Annealing 860 °C. HB 179 | ||||||||
| - | - | 360 | 670 | 22 | 55 | - | - | - |
| Normalization | ||||||||
| ≤100 | - | 315 | 570 | 17 | 38 | 390 | 167-207 | - |
| Rod. Annealing 860 °C. HB 179 | ||||||||
| - | - | 300 | 650 | 26 | 75 | - | - | - |
| Normalization | ||||||||
| 100-300 | - | 315 | 570 | 14 | 35 | 340 | 167-207 | - |
| Rod. Annealing 860 °C. HB 179 | ||||||||
| - | - | 270 | 550 | 27 | 81 | - | - | - |
| Normalization | ||||||||
| ≤100 | - | 345 | 590 | 18 | 45 | 590 | 174-217 | - |
| Rod. Annealing 860 °C. HB 179 | ||||||||
| - | - | 265 | 480 | 29 | 85 | - | - | - |
Description mechanical marks
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Section | Section |
| sT|s0,2 | Yield strength or limit of proportionality with a tolerance for residual deformation of 0.2% |
| σB | Limit short-term strength |
| d5 | Elongation after rupture |
| y | The relative narrowing |
| kJ/m2 | Toughness |
| HRC | Rockwell hardness (indenter diamond spheroconical) |
Physical characteristics
| Temperature | Е, ГПа | G, ГПа | r, кг/м3 | l, Вт/(м · °С) | R, НОм · м | a, 10-6 1/°С | С, Дж/(кг · °С) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 213 | 82 | 7820 | - | - | - | - |
| 20 | 218 | - | 7820 | - | 328 | - | - |
| 100 | 212 | - | 7800 | 41 | 360 | 123 | 462 |
| 200 | 206 | - | 7770 | 40 | - | 126 | - |
| 300 | 201 | - | 7740 | 39 | 425 | 133 | 462 |
| 400 | 191 | - | 7770 | 37 | 523 | 139 | - |
| 500 | 183 | - | 7660 | - | 628 | 144 | - |
| 600 | - | - | 7630 | - | - | 143 | - |
| 800 | - | - | - | - | - | 146 | - |
A description of the physical symbols
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Е | The normal elasticity modulus |
| G | Modulus of elasticity shear torsion |
| r | Density |
| l | Coefficient of thermal conductivity |
| R | UD. the resistivity |
Technological properties
| Name | The value |
|---|---|
| Weldability | limited weldability. Welding methods: SMAW, ADS submerged arc and gas protection, ARDS, ESW. Necessary preheating and subsequent heat treatment. |
| Propensity to temper brittleness | tend not |
| Forging temperature | Start - 1260 °C, end - 800 °C. the cross Sections up to 100 mm are cooled in air, 101-300 mm - mulde. |
| Flock-sensitive sensitivity | sensitive |
| Workability by cutting | In the hardened and tempered condition when NV 212-248 blower SB=660 MPa Kn TV.SPL.=0.8[101] b Kn.St.=0.72 |
