Welding nickel and nickel alloys
Welding difficulties
Welding of nickel alloys is fraught with significant difficulties due to the high propensity for pore formation with a sharp change in the solubility of nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen in the transition of metal from solid to liquid state. The main source of pores in argon arc welding is nitrogen, which is absorbed by liquid nickel in large quantities. When the weld cools, the nitrogen returns to the gaseous state, forming pores inside the metal.
Crystallization cracks
Welding nickel and nickel alloys is associated with a high propensity for the weld to develop crystallization cracks at the boundaries of large grains, which have a transcrystalline structure. To prevent the occurrence of cracks in the base metal, as well as in the weld, it is necessary to limit the content of harmful impurities and introduce the elements that bind sulfur in the most refractory compounds: up to 0.1% Mg and up to 5% Mn.
Deoxidizers
To obtain pore-free welds an important condition is the cleanliness of the surface of the electrode wire, welded edges, welding consumables and base metal (coating electrodes, fluxes, shielding gases), as well as binding of hydrogen and deoxidation during welding nickel. This is solved by the introduction of strong deoxidants in the weld pool (titanium, aluminum, etc.), as well as the use of coatings or fluxes that can convert hydrogen into stable volatile HP compounds or bind nickel oxides. For this reason, the welding technology can provide reliable protection of the welded area from atmospheric air, degassing of the weld pool and good deoxidation. An effective measure to prevent porosity is short arc welding (up to 1.5 mm), which significantly reduces the flow of gases from the atmosphere.
Alloying
During welding the main attention is paid to ensuring the required performance properties of the joints. The technology can be absolutely different even for the same alloy. When arc welding nickel alloys, it is not necessary to achieve the same chemical composition of the weld as the base metal, because even a perfect match does not avoid cracks, pores
Furnizor
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