Welding titanium and its alloys
Technical Characteristics
Titanium, having a relatively low density of 4.5 g/cm3 has a high strength (from 267 to 337 MPa, high resistance to metal fatigue in the temperature range of 400-550 ° C, resistant to corrosion and the action of many aggressive environments. Titanium alloys with an admixture of chromium, aluminum, manganese, tin, vanadium and others have even higher strength (1000-1400 MPa) and excellent ductility and are widely used in shipbuilding, machine building, rocket and aircraft equipment, chemical engineering, instrumentation, as well as in various industries as a construction material. Titanium has a low thermal conductivity, so the joints, which are obtained in the process of welding in argon environment, have a characteristic cone shape with deep penetration. In some constructions it is necessary to place additional welds along the edges of the main weld (dumbbell type).
The main methods of welding titanium are
- submerged arc welding;
- smelting and non-consumable electrode arc welding in an inert gas environment;
- electron-beam;
- electro-slag;
- contact welding.
Arc welding under inert gas shielding.
performed with a non-consumable tungsten electrode, containing lanthanum or yttrium (automatic or manual welding can be used), and a fusing electrode (automatic or semi-automatic welding can be used). High-purity helium or argon, or a mixture of both, is used for welding.
Tungsten electrode welding
This is by far the most popular method. It is performed in the air with standard equipment for argon-arc welding with direct current of direct polarity by a non-consumable electrode.
Submerged arc welding
Titanium and titanium alloys are welded without oxygen under ANT-1, 3 flux. Metal thickness is 2.5-8 mm, and for sheet of greater thickness ANT-7 is used. Before welding flux ignited at t ° 200 to 400 ° C to reduce its moisture content to 0.05% by mass. Conventional equipment with direct current of reverse polarity is used.
Electro-Slag Method
Titanium or titanium alloys with a thickness of 8-12 mm are joined using this method. In this case plate electrodes of the same composition as the welded metal and of the same width as the part thickness are used for welding.
Electron-beam method.
This titanium method gives a fine-grained structure of the weld and reliable protection against gas corrosion. This method is used for metal thicknesses up to 160 mm. In some cases, in order to prevent delamination and pores, a method with horizontal beam placement is used.
Titanium supplier
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