GOST ISO 2531-2012
GOST ISO 2531−2012 Pipes, fittings, fittings and their joints of spheroidal graphite cast iron for water and gas. Specifications
GOST ISO 2531−2012
INTERSTATE STANDARD
PIPES, FITTINGS, FITTINGS AND THEIR JOINTS OF SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRON FOR WATER AND GAS
Specifications
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water or gas applications. Specifications
ISS 77.140.75
91.140.40
91.140.60
Date of introduction 2014−01−01
Preface
Purpose and principles the basic procedure for interstate standardization have been established in GOST 1.0−92 «interstate standardization system. Basic provisions» and GOST 1.2−2009 «interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations on interstate standardization. Rules of development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"
Data on standard
1 PREPARED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 357 „Steel and cast iron pipes and cylinders“ and Open joint stock company „Russian scientific research Institute of pipe industry“ (JSC „RosNITI“)
2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 357 „Steel and cast iron pipes and cylinders"
3 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (Protocol of 15 March 2012 No. 49)
The adoption voted:
| Short name of the country on MK (ISO 3166) 004−97 | Country code, pomc (ISO 3166) 004−97 | Abbreviated name of the national authority for standardization |
| Belarus |
BY | Gosstandart Of The Republic Of Belarus |
| Kazakhstan |
KZ | Gosstandart Of The Republic Of Kazakhstan |
| Russian Federation |
EN | Rosstandart |
4 by Order of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology of June 5, 2013 N 132-St interstate standard GOST ISO 2531−2012 introduced as a national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2014
5 this standard is identical to international standard ISO 2531:1998* Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water or gas applications (Pipes, fittings, fittings and their joints of spheroidal graphite cast iron for water and gas).
Translation from English (en).
The degree of conformity is identical (IDT).
The standard was developed based on the application of GOST R ISO 2531−2009*.
________________
* Probably a mistake of the original. Should read: GOST R ISO 2531−2008. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
Data on conformity with interstate standards international reference standards given in Appendix YES
6 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annually issued reference index „National standards“, and the text changes and amendments — in monthly published information index „National standards“. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in a monthly information index „National standards“. Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements and test methods for pipes and fittings made of cast iron with nodular graphite and compounds used for manufacturing pipeline:
— for transportation of water (e.g. drinking water) or gas (e.g. natural gas);
— working under pressure or without pressure;
— laid underground or above ground.
Note — In this standard, the pressure is a relative pressure expressed in Pascals.
This standard includes technical requirements for materials, dimensions and tolerances, mechanical properties and standard coatings of pipes and fittings.
This standard applies to cast iron pipes and fittings cast by any method, foundry or fabricated from cast parts, and corresponding compounds with a diameter from 40 to 2600 mm, inclusive.
This standard is applicable to pipes and fittings that are:
— made with a flanged or bell-and-spigot ends for connection by means of seals of different types (seals are not considered in this standard);
— usually come with inner and outer coatings.
2 Normative references
For the application of this standard requires the following referenced documents are*. For dated references, only use the specified edition of the referenced document:
_______________
* The table of conformity of national standards international see the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
ISO 4179:1985 Ductile iron pipes for pressure and non-pressure pipelines — Centrifugal cement mortar lining — General requirements (Pipe made of cast iron with nodular graphite for pressure and non-pressure pipelines. Lining of cement mortar applied by centrifugation. General requirements)
ISO 4633:1996 Rubber seals — Joint rings for water supply, drainage and sewerage pipelines — Specification for materials (rubber Seals. O-rings for the supply, drainage and Sewerage pipelines. Technical specifications for materials)
ISO 6447:1983 Rubber seals — Joint rings used for gas supply pipes and fittings — Specification for material (rubber Seals. O-rings for gas pipes and fittings. Technical specifications for materials)
ISO 6506−1:1981 Metallic materials — Hardness test — Brinell test (Materials metal. The hardness test. Hardness Brinell)*
_______________
* Valid ISO 6506−1:2005 „metallic Materials. Definition of hardness Brinell. Part 1. Test method"
ISO 7005−2:1998 Metallic flanges — Part 2: Cast iron flanges (Flanges are metal. Part 2. Flanges of cast iron)
ISO 7268:1983 Pipe components — Definition of nominal pressure ISO 7268/Amd 1:1984 [Fittings. The definition of nominal pressure (with amendment 1:1984)]
ISO 7483:1991 Dimensions of gaskets for use with flanges to ISO 7005 (Gaskets for flanges conforming to ISO 7005. Sizes)
ISO 8179−1:2004 Ductile iron pipes — External coating — Part 1: Metallic zinc with finishing layer (Pipe from spheroidal graphite cast irons. Outer zinc coating. Part 1. Coating of metallic zinc with finishing layer)
ISO 8179−2:1995 Ductile iron pipes — External coating — Part 2: Zinc rich paint with finishing layer (Pipe from spheroidal graphite cast irons. Outer coating. Part 2. Coating with paint with a high content of zinc dust and the finishing layer)
ISO 8180:1985 Ductile iron pipes — Polyethylene sleeve (of a Pipe from spheroidal graphite cast irons. Polyethylene braid)
ISO 10804−1:1996 Restrained joint systems for ductile iron pipelines — Part 1: Design rules and type testing (System fixed connections for pipes made of cast iron with nodular graphite. Part 1. Design rules and standardized testing)
EN 1092−2:1997 Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, designated — Part 2: Cast iron flanges (Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings, and valves, are designed for a nominal pressure (
). Part 2. Flanges of cast iron)
3 Terms and definitions
This standard applies the following terms with respective definitions:
3.1 high strength cast iron with nodular graphite (ductile iron): the Type of cast iron in which graphite is present primarily in spheroidal form.
3.2 pipe (pipe): Casting with a uniform channel, with direct axis, having a tapered, covered or flanged ends.
3.3 fitting* (connecting part): Attached to the steel casting, which ensures the deviation, change of direction of the pipeline or channel. Fittings, except stop and safety are the connecting parts. Pipe fittings are elements of the pipeline.
_______________
* A term adopted by the international standards.
3.4 flange (flange): round end Flat tubes or connecting part, perpendicular to their axis, with bolt holes, evenly spaced around the circumference.
Note the Flange on the pipe can be fixed or be adjustable; an adjustable flange comprises a ring attached by bolts at one or more locations, which carries the load on the end of the splice sleeves and can rotate freely around the axis of the pipe to the connection.
3.5 narrow sleeve; the clutch (collar; coupling): coupling piece used for coupling together the male ends of the pipes or fittings.
3.6 the smooth end (spigot): the End of the pipe or fittings to be placed into the flare.
3.7 the socket (socket): the End of the pipe or the fitting, covering the smooth pipe end or fitting.
3.8 gasket (gasket): the Sealing element of the connection.
3.9 the connection (joint): a Connection between ends of pipes and/or fittings in which a gasket is used as seal.
3.10 flexible connection (flexible joint): a Compound which provides a significant angular misalignment and parallel or perpendicular movement relative to the axis of the pipe.
3.11 socket flexible joint (socket flexible joint): a Flexible coupling is assembled by means of the push the smooth end through the gasket into the bell of the paired element.
3.12 flexible mechanical connection (mechanical joint flexible): a Flexible coupling in which the seal is provided by pressure to the gasket by mechanical means, such as seal.
3.13 fixed connection (restrained joint): a Connection which provides means preventing separation of the assembled joint.
3.14 flanged (flanged joint): a Connection between two flanged ends.
3.15 nominal size (nominal size): Conditional pass diameter of the pipe, which is common to all elements of the pipeline system.
3.16 nominal pressure (nominal pressure): numerical designation expressed by a number having an informational character. All elements of the same nominal size, marked with the same number rated pressure, have compatible mating dimensions (ISO 7268).
3.17 allowable working pressure (allowable operating pressure): Internal pressure, excluding pressure surges, which element (pipe, fittings, valves and their connections) can safely withstand in permanent work.
3.18 maximum allowable working pressure (allowable maximum operating pressure): Maximum internal pressure, including pressure surges, which element can safely withstand during operation.
3.19 allowable test pressure (allowable test pressure): Maximum hydrostatic pressure that a member can withstand for a relatively short period of time, intended to determine the integrity and tightness of the pipeline.
Note — Currently test pressure differs from the test pressure in the system, which refers to the design pressure of the pipeline and is designed to ensure its integrity and tightness.
3.20 diametral stiffness of a pipe (diametral stiffness of a pipe): the pipe Feature, which provides resistance to the diametrical deflection under load.
3.21 batch (batch): the Number of items from which to choose a sample for testing in the production process.
3.22 type test (type test): a Test for compliance of a design which is carried out once and is repeated only after change of design.
3.23 length (length): the Actual length of the pipe or the fitting which is shown in the drawings of section 8.
Note — For flanged pipes or fittings effective length (
for pipes) of equal length. For socket fusion of pipes and fittings effective length
(
for pipes) is equal to total length minus the depth to which part of the covered end as specified in the manufacturer catalogs.
3.24 deviation (deviation): the value by which the design length may differ from the standard length of pipe or a fitting.
Note — the Pipes and fittings are designed accordingly in length selected from a range of standard lengths, plus or minus the deviation (table 4); they are manufactured to this length plus or minus the tolerance specified in table 5.
3.25 out-of-roundness (ovality), %: the Deviation from the circumference of the pipe cross section.
where — the maximum external diameter, mm;
— the minimum external diameter, mm;
— nominal external diameter, mm.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Pipe and fittings
Nominal diameter, nominal wall thickness, length and coverage defined in 4.1.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.4 and 4.5 respectively. If by agreement between the manufacturer and the customer supply pipe and fittings under this standard, different design, different size, different thickness and different finish than specified in 8.3 and 8.4, the pipes and fittings must comply with all other requirements of this standard.
Nominal dimensions (in) pipe and fittings shall be the following: 40, 50, 60, 65, 80, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600 mm.
Functional properties (stiffness of the pipe and diametrically deflection) of pipes from spheroidal graphite cast irons specified in Annex C.
Allowable working pressure maximum allowable working pressure and allowable test pressure (3.17, 3.18 and 3.19) are specified in national standards.
Note — When the pipes and fittings of ductile iron installed and operating under conditions for which they are designed (appendices A and b), they retain all the performance characteristics during the service life, due to constant material properties, stability, cross sections, and their design with high safety factor.
4.1.2 surface Condition
Pipe and fittings shall not have defects and surface damage, which could impair their compliance with the requirements of sections 4 and 5.
4.1.3 Types of pipe connections
4.1.3.1 General provisions
Joints design and shape of the pads are not objects of this standard.
Materials rubber gaskets must meet the requirements of ISO 4633 for water and ISO 6447 — for gas supply. When required nerezinovoy materials (e.g., flanged connections), they must meet the requirements of the relevant standards.
4.1.3.2 Flanged connections
Dimensions and tolerances for flanges of pipes and fittings shall conform to ISO 7005−2 or EN 1092−2, flange gaskets, — ISO 7483. This provides a connection between flanged elements (pipes, fittings, valves, etc.) of the same nominal diameter and nominal pressure corresponding to operational characteristics of connections.
Although this does not affect the connecting piping systems, the manufacturer shall specify in its catalog, supplied products with solid or loose flanges.
4.1.3.3 Flexible joints
The outer diameters of smooth pipe ends and fittings with flexible joints and their tolerances shall conform to the requirements
Notes
1 For connecting different types of elements that operate in a narrow range of tolerances of the outer diameter, the manufacturer’s instructions should be used as a means of ensuring adequate operation of the connection even at the highest pressures (e.g. measurement and selection of external diameter).
2 For connections to existing pipelines, which may have outer diameters that are not relevant
4.1.3.4 Fixed connection
Fixed connections for high strength pipelines of ductile iron shall be designed in accordance with ISO 10804−1. The outer diameters of smooth finishes and tolerances on them shall conform
4.1.4 Materials in contact with drinking water
If the pipes made of spheroidal cast iron and fittings used in the conditions for which they were designed — in permanent or temporary contact with drinking water, they should not adversely affect the properties of water.
Note where appropriate, you must refer to standards or other normative documents concerning the influence of materials on water quality.
4.2 size Requirements
4.2.1 Diameter
4.2.1.1 Outer diameter
In table 11 (8.1) indicates the value of the outer diameter of the smooth pipe ends or fittings, measured along the circumference of the circular measuring tape in accordance with
Negative tolerance depends on the design of each connection type should be as specified in the manufacturer catalogs for the type of connection and the nominal diameter.
In addition, the ovality (3.25) smooth-end pipes and fittings shall:
to stay within the tolerances of the outer diameter for nominal diameters from 40 to 200 mm;
— be not more than 1% of the outer diameter for nominal diameters from 250 to 600 mm or not more than 2% of the nominal diameter more than 600 mm.
Note — manufacturer should specify the means of correcting ovality that is necessary; some flexible joints can allow the maximum ovality without the need for re-rounding the covered end before attaching.
4.2.1.2 Inner diameter
The nominal value of the internal diameter centrifugal cast iron pipe, expressed in millimeters, approximately equal to the value of the nominal diameter.
4.2.2 wall Thickness
Nominal wall thickness of cast iron pipes and fittings should be calculated according to the following formula, the thickness of the wall shall not be less than 6 mm for centrifugal cast iron pipes and 7 mm for cast iron pipe, cast in a different way, and connecting parts
where is the nominal wall thickness, mm;
— factor to denote the class of wall thickness. He is chosen from the series of integers: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12…;
— nominal diameter, mm.
Standard classes of wall thickness for tubes is given in 8.1 and 8.2; by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer possible other thickness of the pipe wall.
For fittings the wall thickness , is given in 8.3 and 8.4, is the nominal thickness corresponding to the main body portion. The actual thickness at any point may be increased when necessary to maintain a local high voltage, depending on the size and shape of the casting (e.g., within the inner radius of the knees, within the joints of the exhaust tee, etc.).
The tolerances on nominal wall thickness of pipes and fittings shall be as specified in table 1. Measurement of pipe wall thickness should be as specified
Table 1 — Tolerance on nominal wall thickness
In millimeters
| Type casting |
Wall thickness |
Tolerance |
| Centrifugal cast ductile iron pipe |
6 | -1,3 |
| SV. 6 | ||
| Pipe, cast in a different way, and fittings |
7 | -2,3 |
| SV. 7 | ||
| ||
4.2.3 Length
4.2.3.1 Length tapered pipes and tubes with smooth ends
Pipes shall be supplied in accordance with the length values shown in the table 2.
Table 2 — Standard length pipes
Nominal diameter |
Standard length |
| 40 and 50 |
Of 3.00 |
| From 60 to 600 incl. |
4,00; 5,00; 5,50; 6,00; 9,00 |
| 700 and 800 |
4,00; 5,50; 6,00; 7,00; 9,00 |
| From 900 to 2600 incl. |
4,00; 5,00; 5,50; 6,00; 7,00; 8,15; 9,00 |
| |
Project length (3.23) must be within the specified standard values of the length of ±250 mm (table 2) and should be listed in the directories. The actual length
should be measured according to 6.1.3 and shall not vary from design length by more than the tolerance specified in table 5.
The total number of supplied pipes with a socket and pipes with smooth ends of each diameter, the percentage of short pipes should not exceed 10%.
Notes
1 Pipe, cut for testing, may be excluded from the 10% and considered as tubes of full length.
2 When pipe is ordered by the meter, the manufacturer can determine the required number of supply pipes by summing the actual lengths of the tubes measured individually.
4.2.3.2 Length flanged pipe
Lengths flanged pipes indicated in table 3. By agreement between the manufacturer and the customer allowed other lengths.
Table 3 — Length flanged pipe
| The type of pipe |
Nominal diameter, mm | Standard length | ||||
| Cast with flanges | From 40 to 2600 incl. |
0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 | ||||
| With provernutye or welded flanges |
From | 40 | to | 600 | incl. |
2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0 |
| “ | 700 | “ | 1000 | » | 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0 | |
| " | 1100 | " | 2600 | " | 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,0 | |
| ||||||
4.2.3.3 length of the connecting parts
Fittings shall be supplied respectively to the lengths specified in 8.3 and 8.4.
Note — there are two series of dimensions — series a and new series In, generally limited to 450 mm.
Permissible deviation (3.24) of the length of the connecting parts of the series And shall be as specified in table 4.
Table 4 — Deviation of the length of the connecting parts
In millimeters
| Type fittings |
Nominal diameter | Deviation | ||||
| Flanged sockets A flange covered by the ends Narrow sleeve |
From 40 to 1200 incl. | ±25 | ||||
| From 1400 to 2600 incl. | ±35 | |||||
| Tees |
From 40 to 1200 incl. | +50 -25 | ||||
| From 1400 to 2600 incl. | +75 -35 | |||||
| 90° bend (¼) |
From 40 to 2600 incl. | |||||
| Elbows 45° (1/8) |
From 40 to 2600 incl. | |||||
| Knee 22°30' (1/16) |
From | 40 | to | 1200 | incl. | |
| and 11°15' (1/32) |
" | 1400 | " | 2600 | " | |
4.2.3.4 the Tolerance on the length
Tolerances on length shall be as specified in table 5.
Table 5 — Tolerances on length
In millimeters
| Type casting | Tolerance |
| Bell-and-spigot pipe and pipe with smooth ends (full length or cropped) |
±30 |
| Connecting parts for flare connections | ±20 |
| Pipes and fittings for flanged joints | ±10 |
| |
600 mm and not less than ±4 mm for 
600 mm.4.2.4 Curvature of tubes
Pipe must be straight with a maximum deviation of 0,125% of their length.
Verification of this requirement is carried out visually, but if in doubt or in case of doubt, the deviation (curvature) can be measured in accordance with 6.2.
4.3 material Characteristics
4.3.1 tensile Strength
Pipes and fittings made of spheroidal graphite cast iron must have a tensile strength specified in table 6.
Table 6 — Mechanical properties of cast iron products
| Type casting | Tensile strength tensile |
The percentage elongation after rupture | |
|
|
| |
| Centrifugal cast pipe |
420 | 10 | 7 |
| Pipe, cast in a different way, and fittings |
420 | 5 | 5 |
Notes | |||
1000 mm; not less than 300 MPa in other cases.
During the manufacturing process, the manufacturer can conduct the appropriate tests to verify the tensile strength. These tests can be applied:
— sampling method of the batch in which the samples are taken from the covered part of the pipe or for fittings, from samples cast separately or as a whole with the corresponding casting. The samples should be taken from the lot prepared by machining and tensile tested according to 6.3;
test method for control of a technological process (e.g., nondestructive testing), when positive correlations indicate mechanical properties in tension specified in table 6. The verification procedure is to compare comparable samples with certain properties. This test method must be confirmed by a tensile test according to 6.3.
4.3.2 Brinell Hardness number
Various elements should be so solid that they can be cut, tapped, drilled and/or machined with standard tools. In case of dispute, the hardness shall be measured according to 6.4.
Hardness on the Brinell hardness shall not exceed 230 HB for centrifugal cast iron pipes and 250 HB for cast iron pipes, cast another way, and connecting parts. For items manufactured by welding, the high hardness acceptable in the heat zone of the weld.
4.4 pipe Coating
Supply pipe should have an outer and inner coating.
4.4.1 External coatings
Depending on the external operating conditions (Appendix A) and in accordance with the regulations, you can use the following exterior coatings:
— metallic zinc with finishing layer in accordance with ISO 8179−1;
— paint with a high content of zinc dust with finishing layer ISO 8179−2;
— a thicker coating of metallic zinc with finishing layer;
— polyurethane;
— polyethylene;
— fiber-cement solution;
— adhesive tapes;
bituminous paint;
— epoxy resin.
4.4.2 Internal coating
Depending on internal conditions (Annex b) and in accordance with the regulations, you can use the following internal coating:
— a solution of Portland cement (with additives or without additives) in accordance with ISO 4179;
— a solution of aluminous cement according to ISO 4179;
solution of slag Portland cement according to ISO 4179;
— cement mortar with insulating layer;
— polyurethane;
— polyethylene;
— epoxy resin;
— bitumen paint.
4.5 Coating of fittings
Supply the fitting shall have external and internal coatings.
4.5.1 Outer coating
Depending on the external operating conditions (Appendix A) and in accordance with the regulations, you can use the following exterior coatings:
— bitumen paint or a paint based on synthetic resins;
— epoxy resin;
zinc with finishing layer;
plastic coupling according to ISO 8180;
— polyurethane;
— adhesive tapes.
4.5.2 Internal coating
Depending on internal conditions (Annex b) and in accordance with the regulations, you can use the following internal coating:
bituminous paint or paint based on synthetic resins;
— a solution of Portland cement (with additives or without additives);
— a solution of aluminous cement;
— a solution of slag cement;
— cement mortar with insulating layer;
— polyurethane;
— polyethylene;
— epoxy resin.
4.6 Marking
All pipes and fittings should have stable and clearly marked, including:
— name or trademark of the manufacturer;
the notation of the year of manufacture;
— designation of the material (nodular cast iron);
— nominal diameter;
— nominal pressure of flanges in use;
— the designation of this standard;
— marking of pipes, which were tested for gas.
The first five marks shall be cast or applied by cold stamping. The last two designations applied by any method, for example in the casting, or applied to the label, which is attached to the package.
5 Requirements of integrity
5.1 Pipe and fittings
Pipe and fittings shall be designed so as to be sealed at the allowable test pressure. They should be 6.5 or 6.6, however, they must not have visible leakage, exudation or any other signs of damage.
5.2 Flexible joints
5.2.1 General provisions
All flexible connections of piping components of ductile iron components should be designed in accordance with the requirements of this subsection. If the design passed the test, the results of which are recorded by the manufacturer in a quality document and then successfully been used for at least ten years, then testing in accordance with 5.2.2 for internal pressure and 5.2.3 for external pressure is carried out only when significant design changes that can adversely affect the performance of the connection.
The design of the joint must pass a type test to confirm tightness under internal and external pressures in the most extreme values of the tolerances on the casting.
Routine tests should be carried out at least one for each of the groups of nominal diameters, specified in table 7. One nominal diameter represents a group when the characteristics are based on the same design parameters for the entire size range.
Table 7 — Preferred nominal diameters for testing for leaks
In millimeters
A group of nominal diameters |
From 40 to 250 a incl. | From 300 to 600 incl. | From 700 to 1000 incl. | From 1100 to 2000 incl. | From 2200 to 2600 incl. |
The preferred nominal diameter |
200 | 400 | 800 | 1600 | 2400 |
If the groups are products of different designs and/or manufactured by different processes, they must be separated.
Note — If the group includes only one nominal diameter, that nominal diameter can be considered as a part of an adjacent group in the event if it is the same design and manufactured by the same process.
The model tests carried out at the maximum radial gap between the connecting elements (the smallest diameter of the smooth ends together with the wide socket).
In the model test, the maximum gap is equal to the maximum radial gap with a tolerance of plus 0% and minus 5%. The inner diameter of the socket may be machined to provide this clearance, even if the diameter deviates from a predetermined value.
Short flexible connections shall be designed and tested according to ISO 10804−1.
5.2.2 Internal pressure
Connections must pass standard test for resistance to internal pressure at 7.1 at the test pressure, which shall not be less than the stated allowable test pressure; the connection must not have visible leakage at the following positions:
— coupling ensures the alignment of the elements and exposed to lateral forces, while the shear force should be not less than 30 and expressed in Newtons;
connection bend, the test angular deflection shall be the maximum allowable deflection indicated in the catalog of the manufacturer, but not less than 3° for 40 to 300 mm, 2° —
from 350 to 600 mm, 1° —
from 700 to 2600 mm.
5.2.3 External pressure
Connections must pass standard test for resistance to external pressure in 7.2; the joints shall not have visible leakage under the action of a lateral load equal to 30 and expressed in Newtons.
The test pressure shall be not less than 100 kPa.
