GOST 21073.0-75
GOST 24231−80 non-ferrous metals and alloys. General requirements to selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis (with Amendments No. 1, 2)
GOST 24231−80
Group B59
INTERSTATE STANDARD
NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS
General requirements to selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis
Non-ferrous metals and alloys. General requirements for sampling
and sample preparation for chemical analysis
AXTU 1709
Date of introduction 1980−07−01
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of nonferrous metallurgy of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee for standards from
3. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
4. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
| The designation of the reference document referenced |
Item number |
| GOST 15895−77* |
Chapeau |
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation there are GOST R 50779.10−2000, GOST R 50779.11−2000, here and hereafter. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
5. Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 4−93 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 4−94)
6. EDITION with Amendments No. 1, 2 approved in November 1985 and November 1989 (IUS 2−86, 2−90)
This standard specifies the General requirements for the selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis (excluding gas analysis) non-ferrous metals and alloys.
The standard establishes General requirements for methods of sampling for chemical analysis of rare noble metals and their alloys, high purity metals, mercury, hard alloys and titanium sponge, as well as to determine the content of gases.
Terms and definitions — according to GOST 15895.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1. SAMPLING
1.1. Sampling is carried out from blanks and semi-finished products from nonferrous metals and alloys.
1.2. The sampling method, sample mass, set in the normative and technical documentation for specific products.
1.3. Sampling can be done at the factory-from molten metal or alloy by casting ingots, if it is stipulated in standards for specific products.
For sampling, use a device that is resistant to liquid metal or alloy and do not affect the chemical composition of the ingot. The conditions of sampling must comply with the chemical composition of the ingots selected average chemical composition of the melt.
The bars shall be marked number smelting and marking stamps metal or alloy.
1.4. The methods and conditions of selection of point samples
1.4.1. Spot samples are taken from each selected workpiece or semi-finished product in equal quantity.
Method of selection of spot samples listed in the table.
| The form of billets and semi-finished |
The sampling method |
The appearance of the sample |
| Cathodes, anodes, ingots, blocks, and flat horizontally cast ingots |
Drilling, milling, sawing |
Shavings and sawdust |
| Vertically cast bars (flat, round and square) |
Drilling, sawing, milling, turning |
Shavings and sawdust |
| Plates, sheets, tapes and strips of a thickness more than 1 mm |
Drilling, milling |
Shavings and sawdust |
| Sheets, strips, tapes with a thickness of 1 mm and less |
Cutting, punching, milling |
Small pieces |
| Bars and profiles |
Turning, sawing, milling, drilling, filing |
Shavings and sawdust |
| Tubes with wall thicknesses more than 0.5 mm |
Drilling, turning, milling |
Chips |
| Pipe with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and less |
Cutting |
Small pieces |
| Wire with diameter more than 3 mm |
Milling, sawing, cutting |
Shavings, sawdust, small pieces |
| Wire diameter of 3 mm and less |
Cutting |
Small pieces |
| Foil |
Cutting, punching |
Small pieces |
| Forging, stamping and plates |
Drilling, turning, milling |
Chips |
| Granulated and lump metals |
Direct selection |
Small particles |
Note. Selection of point samples from semi-finished products and workpieces with uneven distribution of components and impurities (e.g., of an antifriction alloy) drilling is not allowed.
The selection of point samples by milling or turning speed machining must be such that it was not pulling the softer phase.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
1.4.2. For the selection of point samples should be applied machines and tools, ensuring the appropriate size and type of samples and eliminates pollution.
1.4.3. The surface of the workpieces or semi-finished products before the samples must be cleaned from surface contamination and oxides (a metal brush, turning, milling, or other means).
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.4.4. Sampling should be carried out dry, without the use of coolants and lubricants, processing speed, eliminating overheating and oxidation.
1.4.5. The composite sample should be thoroughly mixed, and if necessary, crushed.
1.5. Spot selection spot samples
1.5.1. Point sample from the cathodes taken through drilling at five points in the middle and four points at the corners at a distance of from 50 to 100 mm from the edge. The diameter of the drill used should be from 10 to 25 mm.
Point the sample is allowed to take also milled the inside edges obtained by cutting the cathode of the anode into four parts by the diagonals.
By agreement with the consumer allowed other methods of selection of point samples.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
1.5.2. Point samples from pigs and horizontally cast ingots were taken by drilling, sawing or milling.
Each pig sampled in the sample or ingot with a thickness up to 100 mm drill through five points: in the middle and four points on the diagonal — the distance to
the diagonal from the corner.
When the thickness of the pig or ingot of more than 100 mm of the workpiece is drilled at six points: three on the top and bottom surfaces, with one drill conducted in the middle and two on the distance to
the diagonal from the corners, to a depth equal to half the height of the workpiece.
The diameter of the drill used should be from 10 to 20 mm.
Each pig or ingot is sawed or milled in three places: in the middle and at equal distances from the middle — approximately the length of the pig or ingot. Milled to
thickness.
Spot the sample from large ingots (block) were taken by drilling at three points to any side faces: one drilling is carried out in the middle of the pig and two at a distance of height sympathetic to a depth of not less than 50 mm.
Allowed a sample of blocks away cutting off two opposite diagonal corners for the entire height of the block.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2)
.
1.5.3. Spot the sample from vertically cast bars (flat, round and square) are taken by drilling, sawing or milling.
From one end of the ingot is cut perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis templet a thickness of 20 to 100 mm. sample of the drilling carried out in the same way as in horizontally cast ingots. From ingots cast by continuous process, is allowed to cut template with a minimum thickness of 10 mm. Drilling in this case you are allowed to carry out in ten points, on both sides of the investigated template (five perforations on each side) to a depth equal to half the thickness.
Drilling templates of ingots of circular cross-section carried out in the middle, at distances equal ,
and
radius.
Vertically cast ingots of Nickel and cobalt drilled in three points: one third of the original sample drill in the centre and the other third at a distance the height and the last third of the distance of
the height of the ingot.
The selection of the spot samples-sawing of ingots is carried out perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, so as to keep the workpiece for subsequent processing.
The selection of the spot samples by milling vertically cast ingots, except for ingots of circular cross-section, performed along the entire cross section.
For ingots of circular cross section made of alloys with low segregation allowed the selection of point samples, turning bars forming at several locations.
(Changed the wording. Izm. N 1, 2).
1.5.4. Spot samples from sheets, strips and tapes taken from a segment covering the entire width of the semifinished product.
Segment thickness exceeding 1 mm drilled at several points through.
Allowed selection of multiple chips stacked drilling segments. Cut up to a thickness of 1 mm cut into small pieces.
Selection of point samples from the plates, folded sheets, strips or tapes is carried out by milling in a cross section.
Selection of point samples from the clad sheets, strips and tapes is carried out after mechanical or chemical removal planirovochnogo layer.
Sampling lacquered and painted semi-finished products is carried out after mechanical or chemical removal of the appropriate cover.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
1.5.5. Spot the sample from rods and profiles selected by turning the full cross-section, the filing of the end surface, multiple cutting perpendicular to the axis, cutting perpendicular to the axis and end surface milling or drilling of bars in randomly selected points.
1.5.6. Point sample taken from the pipes by drilling perpendicular to the axis at several points, the turning end surface, cutting into small pieces or milled.
1.5.7. Spot the sample from wire with a diameter of over 3 mm were taken by machining cross section a multiple cutting or sawing; wire 3 mm in diameter and less — cutting into small pieces. Wire with diameter more than 3 mm before cutting it is allowed to laminate.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).
1.5.8. Spot the sample from the foil were taken by cutting into small pieces cut foil, selected from the roll or stamping with automated sampling in the process of continuous production.
Spot the sample from the foil in the leaves were taken by cutting the required number of sheets selected from the stack.
Point samples from laminated, lacquered or painted foil taken after mechanical or chemical removal of the coating.
1.5.9. Point samples from forgings and stampings plates taken away after cutting perpendicular to the axis of the drilling or milling machining of the end surface.
1.5.10. Spot the sample from granulated and lump metals taken away from the packing space probe an appropriate design, which should ensure the representativeness of the sample at all stages of selection and training.
Allowed the sample to be milled to the desired particle size.
1.5.8−1.5.10 (Revised edition, Edit. N 1).
2. THE PREPARATION OF THE COMBINED AND LABORATORY SAMPLES
2.1. In the preparation of joint samples obtained spot samples mixed thoroughly on a clean surface and, if necessary, crushed to obtain particles of the required size.
(Added, Rev. N 1).
2.1. Depending on the mass of the combined samples for preparation of samples for chemical analysis were taken by kvantovanie part of an aggregate or use the entire combined sample.
Note. Allowed in the normative-technical documentation for specific products to establish the definition of the chemical composition of each sample point on the sample.
When kvantovanie the combined sample is uniformly distributed on the surface and divided into four equal sections by two intersecting in the center perpendicular to each other with straight lines. For kvantovaniya it is recommended to use the d-pad. Metal two diametrically opposite sectors removed and the other two connect together.
If necessary, this operation is repeated, each time removing the metal opposite sectors.
2.2. The minimum mass of the laboratory sample set depending on the number of the identified elements in accordance with the requirements of the standards on methods of chemical analysis, as well as considering the weight of a spare sample.
2.3. Laboratory sample non-magnetic metals and alloys should be cleaned from possible impurities of iron with a magnet of sufficient power.
2.4. Laboratory test are divided into two equal parts and placed in two relevant packaging, ensuring the safety of samples: one for chemical analysis from the manufacturer, the other is stored in case of differences in the assessment of the quality of the party.
At customer’s request, the laboratory sample is divided into three equal parts, the third part is intended for chemical analysis at the consumer. The differences in assessing the quality allowed the sampling to chemical analysis to be repeated.
2.1−2.4. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).
2.5. Each package shall be provided with a label indicating the type of the workpiece or semi-finished brand of metal or alloy, the batch number or briefs, date of sampling, trademark or name of the manufacturer.
Each package must be attached the same label, except for packs with samples intended for the determination of carbon. Packaging must be sealed.
Storage period of spare samples for at least 6 months.
(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).
