GOST R 56299-2014

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  ГОСТ Р 56299-2014

GOST R 56299−2014 rental of bearing steel. Specifications

GOST R 56299−2014

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE ROLLED BEARING STEEL

Specifications

Rolled products from bearing steel. Specifications

OKS 77.080.20*
OKP 09 5600
11 4200
11 5300

______________
* According to the official website of Rosstandart
OKS 77.140.50, here and hereafter. -
Note the manufacturer’s database.

Date of introduction 2015−09−01

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal state unitary enterprise «Central research Institute of ferrous metallurgy them.And.P.Bardina» (FSUE «tsniichermet im.And.P.Bardeen»)

2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 375 «steel Products from ferrous metals and alloys"

3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology of December 12, 2014 N 1980-St

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

5 REISSUE. November 2015


Application rules of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0−2012 (section 8). Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards» and the official text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the upcoming issue of the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

1 Scope

1.1 this standard applies to hot-rolled steel diameter, square side or thickness up to 250 mm inclusive, calibrated steel and rolled with special surface finish of bearing steel, intended for the manufacture of balls, rollers and bearing rings.

Rental diameter, square side or thickness in excess of 250 to 300 mm inclusive manufactured by agreement between manufacturer and customer (according to the agreed specifications).

1.2 For bars, slabs, pipes, sheets, forgings, square billets, nepreryvnolityh of the workpiece and wires this standard applies only part of the rules of the chemical composition.

This standard uses the invention protected by the patent of Russian Federation N 2452790 for the invention of «Bearing steel». Patent holder — OOO «Severstal — Project».

2 Normative references

This standard uses the regulatory references to the following standards:

GOST 103−2006 bars, steel, hot-rolled strip. Assortment

GOST 166−89 (ISO 3599−76) Calipers. Specifications

GOST 427−75 Rulers measuring metal. Specifications

GOST 801−78 Steel bearing. Specifications

GOST 1763−68 (ISO 3887−77) Steel. Methods for determining the depth bezoperatsionnogo layer

GOST 1778−70 (ISO 4967−79) Steel. Metallographic methods of determination of nonmetallic inclusions

GOST 2590−2006 bars, steel, hot rolled round. Assortment

GOST 2591−2006 bars, steel, hot-rolled square. Assortment

GOST 2789−73 surface Roughness. Parameters and characteristics

GOST 3118−77 Reagents. Hydrochloric acid. Specifications

GOST 4461−77 Reagents. Nitric acid. Specifications

GOST 5657−69 Steel. Method for testing the hardenability

GOST 7417−75 calibrated round Steel. Assortment

GOST 7564−97 hire. General rules of sample, blanks collection for mechanical and technological tests

GOST 7565−81 (ISO 377−2-89) Iron, steel and alloys. Sampling method for determination of chemical composition

GOST 7566−94 metal Products. Acceptance, marking, packing, transportation and storage

GOST 8817−82 Metals. Test method for sediment

GOST 9012−59 (ISO 410−82, ISO 6506−81) Metals. Method of measuring hardness Brinell hardness

GOST 9013−59 (ISO 6508−86) Metals. Method of measuring Rockwell hardness

GOST 10243−75 Steel. Test methods and evaluation of the macrostructure

GOST 12344−2003 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of carbon

GOST 12345−2001 (ISO 671−82, ISO 4935−89) Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods of determining sulphur

GOST 12346−78 (ISO 439−82, ISO 4829−1-86) Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of silicon

GOST 12347−77 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of phosphorus

GOST 12348−78 (ISO 629−82) Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of manganese

GOST 12349−83 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of tungsten

GOST 12350−78 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of chromium

GOST 12351−2003 (ISO 4942:1988, ISO 9647:1989) Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of vanadium

GOST 12352−81 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of Nickel

GOST 12354−81 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of molybdenum

GOST 12355−78 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of copper

GOST 12356−81 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of titanium

GOST 12357−84 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of aluminium

GOST 12359−99 (ISO 4945−77) Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of nitrogen

GOST 12361−2002 Steel alloyed and high alloy. Methods for determination of niobium

GOST 12503−75 Steel. Methods of ultrasonic testing. General requirements

GOST 14955−77 quality round Steel with special surface finish. Specifications

GOST 17745−90 of Steel and alloys. Methods for the determination of gases

GOST 18895−97 Steel. Method of photoelectric spectral analysis

GOST 21120−75 Bars and billets round and rectangular section. Methods of ultrasonic flaw detection

GOST 26877−2008 metal Products. Methods of measuring form deviations of

GOST 27809−95 Cast iron and steel. Methods for spectrographic analysis

GOST 28033−89 Steel. Method x-ray fluorescence analysis

GOST 28473−90 Iron, steel, ferroalloys, chromium and manganese metal. General requirements for methods of analysis

GOST R ISO 4940−2010 Steel and cast iron. Determination of Nickel. Spectrometric method of atomic absorption in the flame

GOST R ISO 4943−2010 Steel and cast iron. Determination of the copper content. Spectrometric method of atomic absorption in the flame

GOST R ISO 10280−2010 Steel and cast iron. The determination of titanium. Spectrometric method with the use of diantipyrylmethane

GOST R 54153−2010 Steel. Method of atomic-emission spectral analysis

Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet or in the annual information index «National standards» published as on January 1 of the current year, and the editions of the monthly information index «National standards» for the current year. If replaced with a reference standard, which was given an undated reference, then it is recommended to use the current version of this standard, taking into account all enabled in this version modifications. If replaced with a reference standard, which is given a dated reference, it is recommended to use the version of this standard referred to above by year of approval (acceptance). If after approval of this standard in the reference standard, which is given a dated reference, a change affecting a provision to which reference, the provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, the position in which reference is made to him, recommended to be used in part not affecting this link.

3 Terms and definitions

This standard applies the following terms with respective definitions:

3.1 bearing steel: Alloy steels for the manufacture of bearing components (rings, balls and rollers).

Note — rolled products made of continuous cast billet, it is unacceptable to use for the production of balls.

3.2 plavecky analysis: chemical composition Analysis of liquid steel.

3.3 prefabricated: Metal obtained by rolling or forging of ingots or continuous cast billet used for further processing into a finished product.

3.4 amount (half the amount) limit deviation: Amount (half the sum) of absolute values of limit deviations.

3.5 test product unit: the Product (rod, coil, strip) selected for testing.

4 Classification and designation

4.1 the rent is divided:

— form:

circular cross section (circle),

square (square),

rectangular (strip);

— delivery for hire of round and square cross-sections:

in bars,

in rolls (IDS);

according to the method of production and the type of primary semi-finished product:

hot-rolled from an ingot (GCS),

hot-rolled slab (OCG),

calibrated

with special surface finishing;

according to the method of surface finish:

hot-rolled steel:

without turning,

with milled surface (MBT);

the calibrated hire:

depending on the method further processing — (XB) and (OH);

rolled with special surface finish:

groups In, G or D;

according to the method of further processing:

OH — cool machining (turning, milling, recess, etc.)

OG — hot pressure treatment,

XB — cold heading,

XIII — cold stamping;

— delivery status:

— Heat-treated (annealed),

without heat treatment.

4.2 Designation and classification of grades of steel

4.2.1 grades of steel Designation consists of letters and numbers arranged in a sequence:

— III (early mark) — bearing steel;

— X — steel, alloy chrome:

— 4, 7, 15, 20 — mass fraction of chromium (0,4%, 0,7%, 1,5%, 2,0%);

— S — silicon;

— G — manganese.

4.2.2 the Designation of special methods of melting and remelting

Bearing steel, obtained by special methods of melting and remelting, are additionally denoted with a hyphen at the end of the brand names of the following letters:

— electroslag remelting — sh;

— vacuum — In;

— direct restoration — PV.

4.2.3 Classification of bearing steels:

— bearing steel-through hardenability — high carbon chromium steel with an approximate mass fraction of carbon ranging from 0.70% to 1.05% and a mass fraction of chromium between 0.60% to 2.00%, with high strength, hardness, wear resistance, high contact fatigue resistance;

— bearing steel, hardened with induction heating — alloy steels with hard surface and tough core.

5 conditions of the order

The customer must provide the manufacturer with all requirements necessary for delivery of goods in accordance with the requirements of this standard.

5.1 Basic requirements, specified when ordering:

— the scope of supply;

— type of product (hot-rolled steel, calibrated rolled, or rolled with special surface finish) with the appropriate code of production;

— form of hire;

— delivery type (rod, coil, strip);

— the designation of the relevant standard for the dimensions and limit deviations;

— the designation of this standard;

— the name of the steel grade;

— smelting (if not specified, shall establish and specify the manufacturer in the document on quality) or remelting;

— delivery condition;

the method further processing;

— the production method and source prefabricated (GCS or GKN).

5.2 Additional requirements are specified when ordering (subject to the requirements 7.14):

— increased requirements for structural poloschatosti;

— increased requirements for the macrostructure;

— high purity non-metallic inclusions;

control of hardenability bars with diameter, square side or thickness of 28 mm or more;

— high hardenability for steel grades SHKH15 and SHKH15SG [7.14, enum e)];

— mesh is normalized carbide rods side of a square or a diameter greater than 60 to 85 mm, inclusive;

— increased demands on the balance of mesh carbide;

— increased requirements for carbide segregation;

control of macrostructure on longitudinal microtemplate;

— if you want to submit a document confirming the quality of the products, indicate the designation according to GOST 7566 or standard [1].

Examples of symbols:

Rod hot rolled of the slab (HCN), round, with usual accuracy of rolling (B1), with the curvature of the class IV, with a diameter of 40 mm according to GOST 2590−2006, of steel grade SHKH15-IN, heat treated (THAT), for cold mechanical processing (OH), with the control 7.8.1.1:

.

Rod hot rolled of the slab (HCN), round, with usual accuracy of rolling (B1), honed (MBT), with the curvature of class II with a diameter of 90 mm according to GOST 2590−2006, of steel grade SHKH15, without heat treatment, cold-machining (OH), 7.14 control, listing a):

.

Rod hot-rolled from an ingot (GCS), square, the usual accuracy of rolling (B1), with the curvature of the class IV, with a side of a square of 80 mm according to GOST 2591−2006, of steel grade SHKH15SG -, for special products of melting (EM), without heat treatment, hot working pressure (DG):

.

Strip hot-rolled from an ingot (GCS), the usual accuracy of rolling thickness (VT1) and width (ВШ1), thickness 10 mm, width 22 mm, regular camber (sun), normal flatness (PN) according to GOST 103−2006, steel grade SHKH15-IN, heat treated (THAT), for cold forming (XIII):

.

Rolled grooved, round bars, class h11, diameter 10 mm according to GOST 7417−75, steel grade SHKH15, for cold mechanical processing (OH):

.

Calibrated rolled, round, in coils (IDS), class h11, diameter 10 mm according to GOST 7417−75, steel grade SHKH15, for cold heading (XB):

.

Rod with special surface finish, round, class h11, diameter 20 mm according to GOST 14955−77, of steel grade SHKH15-sh, with quality surface finishing group, for cold mechanical processing (OH):

.

6 Assortment

6.1 In shape, dimensions and limit deviations of hire shall conform to the requirements of the standards listed in table 1.


Table 1 — requirements for the assortment of rolled bearing steel

The rental	Assortment
Hot-rolled round section	According to GOST 2590 or other agreed normative documents
Hot rolled square section	According to GOST 2591 or other agreed normative documents
Hot-rolled strip	According to GOST 103
Calibrated round	According to GOST 7417 quality h11
Round with special surface finish	According to GOST 14955 class h11, groups C and d
Round with special surface finish diameter from 50.0 mm up to 80.0 mm incl.	According to GOST 7417 of tolerance h11 or other agreed normative documents
Notes 1 Unified range of rental given in Annex A. 2 hot-rolled steel of circular section can be supplied in a machined (peeled) condition requirements range according to GOST 2590. By agreement between manufacturer and customer is permitted to manufacture metal products with a diameter from 75 to 180 mm with maximum deviations of + 1.0 mm.

6.1.1 rental produce long:

from 2800 to 4000 mm — hot rolled round with a diameter up to 65 mm inclusive;

— from 2000 to 4000 mm — hot rolled round with a diameter of 65 mm;

— from 2000 to 4000 mm — hot-rolled of square section;

— from 2000 to 6000 mm hot-rolled strip;

— from 3000 to 4500 mm — calibrated and with special surface finishing round cross-section.

Allowed to manufacture metal products with a diameter up to 65 mm inclusive, minimum length 2000 mm, not more than 10% of the batch weight.

By agreement between manufacturer and customer is allowed manufacture of products with length up to 6000 mm, or another length.

6.1.2 Calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish diameter up to 25 mm inclusive manufactured in bars or rolls, more than 25 mm — in bars.

6.1.3 Coil shall consist of one segment. By agreement between manufacturer and customer is possible to supply the coils of the several segments, but not more than three, not more than 10% of the batch weight. Coils from multiple segments must have additional marking: label with the words «broken» or strip, is coated with paint by the diameter of a coil in one of the following colors — white, blue, green.

6.1.4 the Mass of a coil of hot-rolled steel must be not less than 500 kg. Allowed wire of smaller mass, but not less than 200 kg, not more than 10% of the batch weight.

Weight of a coil, calibrated rolled, or rolled with special surface finish should be from 50 to 500 kg — for hire in diameter to 12 mm inclusive; from 200 to 500 kg — for hire with a diameter of over 12 mm. Allowed wire of smaller mass in the amount not exceeding 10% of the batch weight.

6.1.5 the Inner diameter of the coils should be:

for hot-rolled steel from 550 to 1100 mm;

— for calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish:

— with a diameter of 5 mm inclusive — from 200 to 550 mm.

— diameter from 5 to 12 mm inclusive — from 550 to 850 mm;

— with a diameter of over 12 mm to 25 mm inclusive — from 600 to 1100 mm.

6.1.6 the Curvature of bars should not exceed the values given in table 2.


Table 2 — the curvature of the bars

The name of the rental
The sizes of rolling, mm	Curvature, % length, not more
Hot rolled annealed bars
Length from 2000 to 4000 incl.	0,4
Length of St. 4000 to 6000 incl.	0,5
Hot rolled unannealed bars
Diameter up to 200 cyl.	GOST 2590
Square side up to 200 cyl.	GOST 2591
Diameter or square side is over 200	0,5
Calibrated rods
With a diameter of up to 25 incl.	0,2
With a diameter of 25 St.	0,1
Bars with special surface finish
All sizes	0,05
At the request of the customer for the manufacture of bearing rings on the automatic lines the curvature of the annealed hot-rolled bars shall not exceed 0.2% of the length. At the request of the customer the curvature of hot-rolled bars should not exceed 0.1% of the length. Class of curvature in accordance with GOST GOST 2590 or 2591 specify in the order. By agreement between manufacturer and customer for rods side of a square of 200 mm or more is allowed curvature is not more than 1.2% of the length.

6.1.7 the Ends of hot-rolled and calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finishes must be cut or broken without bends and burrs. At the end of the rolling, deburring, chamfer is allowed with a maximum size of 6 mm (45°±15°).

Allowed burrs and crushing tips for hot-rolled steel by an amount not exempting the rental limit for positive deviations by diameter, square side or thickness, calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish is outside the nominal size.

For hot rolled bars with diameter 12 to 28 mm inclusive, the ends shall be allowed chips and other defects, caused by the sharp bars on the shear cold cutting. End cracks are not allowed.

When the edit bars on kosovelova machines for drawing «Cup» on the end of the rod is not a rejection symptom.

Autogenous cutting is not allowed.

Note — For hot rolled unannealed bars allowed autogenous cutting tips in the amount not exceeding 25 pieces from melting.

6.1.8 Allowable cut end Squareness, mm for hot-rolled and calibrated bars and bars with special surface finish shall not exceed:

— 0.1 diameter — for bars with diameter up to 30 mm, inclusive;

— 5 mm for bars with diameter over 30 mm.

7 Technical requirements

7.1 the hire shall be made in accordance with the requirements of this standard.

7.2 Method of smelting, remelting and casting

7.2.1 Methods of smelting, remelting and casting set when ordering. If the order specifies the methods of smelting, remelting and casting, their selection is provided to the manufacturer. Steel smelted in an open way (in an electric arc furnace, Converter or other melting units), should be subjected to ladle treatment and vacuum treatment and have the additional name of the brand with a hyphen index V.

Production of steel products for special purposes are produced in electric arc furnaces or acid open-hearth furnaces, which should be specified in the order by the letters EM.

Note — All steel under this standard shall be ruskizlari.

7.2.2 the Steel is poured into ingot (GCS) or the continuously cast billets (HCN). If the semi-order is not specified, it establishes and specifies in the instrument as the manufacturer.

7.3 delivery Condition

7.3.1 hot-rolled steel manufactured heat treated (annealed) with or without heat treatment, calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish — heat-treated.

Calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish should not be negativnym as a result of mechanical surface treatment.

Note — When making a determination-worked layer on the hire of arbitration means that determines the suitability of the rental for the purpose, is the implementation of the requirements when tested on a cold draught up to ½ of the height. By agreement between manufacturer and with the customer allowed the measurement of surface hardness.

7.3.2 hot-Rolled round bars are manufactured in machined condition (OBT) or without turning in accordance with the order.

7.4 Chemical composition

7.4.1 the Chemical composition of the steel at plavonia analysis must conform to the standards given in table 3.


Table 3 — Chemical composition of steels

Steel grade	Mass fraction of elements, %
	Carbon rod	Cream tions	Mar Ganz	Chrome	Sulfur	Foz Fort	Nickel	Copper	Nickel+ copper	Alu- mini	Vana- DIY	Nio- Biy
					no more
	Steel-through hardenability
ШХ7СГ	0.72 to 0,80	0,40- 0,65	1,00- 1,30	0,60- 0,90	0,020	0,025	0,25	0,25	-	0,006	0,10	0,03- 0,07
SHKH15	0,95- 1,05	0,17- 0,37	0,20- 0,40	1,30- 1,65	0,020	0,027	0,30	0,25	0,50	-	-	-
SHKH15SG	0,95- 1,05	0,40- 0,65	0,90- 1,20	1,30- 1,65	0,020	0,027	0,30	0,25	0,50	-	-	-
SHKH20SG	0,90- Of 1.00	0,55- 0,85	1,40- 1,70	1,40- 1,70	0,020	0,027	0,30	0,25	0,50	-	-	-
	Steel, hardened with induction heating
SHKH4	0,95- 1,05	0,15- 0,30	0,15- 0,30	0,35- 0,50	0,020	0,027	0,30	0,25	0,50	-	-	-
Notes 1 In steel obtained by electroslag remelting, the mass fraction of sulfur should not exceed 0.010%, phosphorus of 0.025%. 2 For steel grade SHKH15SG-sh larger than 140 mm, intended for the manufacture of large-size bearings, install narrowed the limits of mass fraction: manganese from 1.00% to 1.20%, chromium, from 1.40% to 1.65%, silicon from 0.45% to 0.65%. The order must be specified: «large bearings». 3 In the smelting of steel in an acid open-hearth furnaces allowed the mass fraction of copper not more than 0.30%, while preserving the norm of the total mass fraction of copper and Nickel not over 0.50 percent. 4 the Sign «-" means that the mass fraction of the element in the steel is not standardized and not controlled.

7.4.1.1 Mass fraction of oxygen and residual elements shall conform to the requirements of table 4.


Table 4 — Mass fraction of oxygen and residual elements

Mass fraction of elements, %, not more
Oxygen	Titan	Molybdenum	Tungsten	Vanadium
0,0015	0,010	0,03	0,05	0,04
Notes 1 allowed the mass fraction of chemical elements of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium to determine the chemical analysis, and to ensure manufacturing technology. 2 According to agreement between manufacturer and customer is allowed a different value of the mass fraction of titanium. 3 According to agreement between manufacturer and customer is determined by the mass fraction of nitrogen, which should not exceed 0.010%.

7.4.2 tolerances for the mass fraction of chemical elements in the finished product from the limits specified in table 3, are given in table 5.


Table 5 — Limit deviations in the mass fraction of chemical elements in the finished product from the norms plotnogo analysis

Percentage
Item	The upper limiting mass fraction of elements in steel	Limit deviation from the norms plotnogo analysis of finished products
Carbon	SV. 0.72−1.05 incl.	±0,03
Silicon	To 0.40 incl.	±0,03
	SV. 0.40 to 0.85 incl.	±0,05
Manganese	To 1.00 incl.	±0,04
	SV. Of 1.00 to 1.70 incl.	±0,06
Phosphorus	To 0,027 incl.	+0,005
Sulfur	To 0.020 incl.	+0,005
Chrome	To 1.70 incl.	±0,05
Nickel	To 0.30 incl.	+0,05
Copper	Up to 0.25 incl.	+0,03
Nickel + copper	To 0.50 incl.	+0,05
Note — the Sign «±" means that the maximum deviation for each of the elements in a ready to rent one of melting steel can only be below the lower limit or above upper limit values of the mass fraction of the element are shown in table 3, but not both positive and negative.

7.4.3 the Manufacturer shall be taken to prevent steel from scrap or other materials used in steelmaking, chemical elements not listed in tables 3 and 4, and chemical elements that can adversely affect the hardenability, mechanical properties and purity of non-metallic inclusions in the finished rolled products.

7.5 surface Quality

7.5.1 In accordance with the order, hot-rolled steel by way of surface finishes are made without machining or machined surface (MBT).

7.5.1.1 surface Quality of hot-rolled steel without grinding off

7.5.1.1.1 On the surface of the hire intended for hot working pressure (DG) and for cold forming (XIII) are not allowed, rolled, cracked, sunsets, rolled out impurities and bubbles, rolling slivers, and flaw.

Surface defects should be removed. The depth of Stripping shall not exceed:

— for hire in diameter, square side or thickness of less than 80 mm — half of the sum of the limit deviations on size, starting from the actual;

— for hire in diameter, square side or thickness from 80 to 180 mm of total limit deviation of the size measured from actual;

— for hire in diameter, square side or thickness exceeding 180 mm — 5% nominal size.

The width of the denuded areas should be at least seven times their depth. Cutting defects are not allowed.

Allowed without Stripping defects of mechanical origin (fingerprints, scratches, rabiza) depth not exceeding half of the sum of the absolute values of the limit deviations on size, starting from the actual.

By agreement between manufacturer and customer the permissible depth of defects of a mechanical origin for the hire of circular cross-section [without turning (roughing) surface] must comply with the requirements of table 6.


Table 6 — depth of the defects of mechanical origin on the surface of the rolled circular cross-section [without turning (roughing) surface]

In millimeters
The range of diameters	The depth of the defects, not more than
To 50 incl.	0,3
SV. 50 to 120 incl.	0,5
SV. 120	0,8% of the nominal diameter

7.5.1.1.2 On the surface of the hire intended for cold mechanical processing (OH), permitted surface defects when their depth does not exceed half of the sum of limit deviations measured from the nominal size.

7.5.1.1.3 By agreement between manufacturer and customer is allowed to put the rent in a machined (peeled) condition with the requirements for the surface quality in accordance with 7.5.1.1.1 and 7.5.1.1.2.

7.5.1.2 surface Quality of machined hot-rolled steel (MBT)

7.5.1.2.1 On the surface of the machined rentals not permitted, rolled, cracked, sunsets, rolled out impurities and bubbles, rolling slivers, and flaw.

Allowed without Stripping defects of mechanical origin (dents, fingerprints, scratches, etc.) to a depth not exceeding half of the sum of limit deviations, measured from actual size.

Unacceptable defects are removed by Stripping. The depth of Stripping shall not display the diameter for the negative limit deviation. The width of the denuded areas should be at least seven times their depth. Cutting defects are not allowed.

The surface roughness of the machined hire should be Rz80 µm according to GOST 2789. Allowed evaluation of surface roughness according to agreed standards.

7.5.2 the surface Quality of the calibrated hire

7.5.2.1 On the surface of the rolled, intended for the manufacture of parts by cold heading (XB) are not permitted sunsets, scratches, cracks, gentle cleansing, balances scale, smoothed out the bubbles and contamination.

Allowed traces of drawing, some minor risks and other defects of a mechanical origin, if the depth does not exceed half of the maximum deviations of the diameter.

The depth of defects is determined from the nominal diameter.

7.5.2.2 surface rental for the manufacture of parts by cold mechanical treatment (OH), permitted some minor scratches, rabiza, the remnants of mill scale, fingerprints, traces of Stripping the abrasive, the depth of which does not exceed 1% of diameter.

The depth of defects is determined from the nominal size.

7.5.3 the Quality of rolled product surface with special surface finish

7.5.3.1 Quality of surface rental shall conform to the requirements of GOST 14955 for groups b and G.

7.5.3.2 On the surface of the rolled band surface finishes the defects are not permitted, and group surface finishes G — allowed individual surface defects of mechanical origin with a depth not exceeding half of the maximum deviations of the diameter.

Group surface finish indicate in the order.

The depth of defects is determined from the nominal diameter.

7.5.3.3 manufacturer In agreement with the customer products can be manufactured with a group of surface finish D GOST 14955.

7.6 Test on sediment

7.6.1 hot Rolled unannealed rolled diameter, square side or thickness up to 60 mm inclusive, designed for hot forming, calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish shall withstand the test sediment. Hot-rolled steel is tested in the hot condition and calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish — cold.

In upset samples should be free of cracks and tears.

Note — it is allowed to carry out hot upsetting of hot-rolled steel specimens if the detecting surface defects use other destructive or non-destructive methods of control.

7.7 Hardness

7.7.1 Hardness heat-treated (annealed), hot-rolled and calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish as supplied must be:

— 179−207НВ — of steel grade SHKH15;

— 179−217НВ — of steel grades SHKH4, ШХ7СГ, SHKH15SG and SHKH20SG.

7.8 Macrostructure

7.8.1 the Macrostructure of hot-rolled steel from ingots or continuous cast billets must not have any traces of shrinkage, delamination, birdhouses, bubbles, placenow, inclusions, visible without using the magnifying devices. The permissible defects of the macrostructure should not exceed the scores shown in table 7.


Table 7 — Allowable defects of the macrostructure

The name of the defect	Diameter, square side or thickness of the rolling, mm	The maximum score for the macrostructure of rolled steel grades
		Smelting in open furnaces (electric arc furnaces, converters, or other melting units) with vacuum		With electroslag remelting
		SHKH4, ШХ7СГ, SHKH15, SHKH15SG	SHKH20SG	SHKH4, ШХ7СГ, SHKH15, SHKH15SG, SHKH20SG
Central porosity	30 or more	2	2	1
Point heterogeneity	From 30 to 95 incl.	1,5	2,5	1
	100 or more	2	2,5	1
Exudation square (loop)	30 or more	0,5	0,5	Not allowed
Axial liquation	All	2	2	Not allowed
Segregated strips	All	1	1	Not allowed
Pousada liquation (area of high travelmasti)	All	2	2	Not allowed
For hot-rolled from ingots. For hot-rolled steel from slab. For hot-rolled steel with a diameter of 110 mm or more from the slab Central porosity shall not exceed 3 points. For hot-rolled from ingot Pousada liquation is not allowed. By agreement between manufacturer and customer is allowed Pousada liquation not more than 3 points for hot-rolled from continuous cast billets with a diameter of 32 mm and more.

7.8.1.1 rental of steel grades SHKH15 and SHKH15SG supply with a normalized magnitude of the defects identified in the products of magnetic method. The need to control the magnetic method, inspection methods and standards determined by agreement between the manufacturer and the customer, and the range of products set by the customer.

7.8.1.2 manufacturer In agreement with the customer-delivery of products (GKN and GKS) and the requirements of the macrostructure in accordance with the standard [2] measured on scale II and degree of development defects on a scale of I:

— surface defects — S2 high;

— randomly located defects — R2 max;

Central porosity — S3 max.

7.8.2 Kink

7.8.2.1 Kink of the products delivered in annealed condition should be homogeneous, fine-grained, without stratification, the remnants of shrinkage and placenow.

7.8.2.2 Fracture of hire, determined on specimens in the hardened state, should be homogeneous, fine-grained, porcelain-like, without burned, the remnants of a shrinkage pipe, placenow, without visible non-metallic inclusions.

7.9 Decarbonisation

7.9.1 Depth bezoperatsionnogo layer (ferrite + transition zone) for hot-rolled (annealed and without annealing) must not exceed the limits specified in table 8.


Table 8

In millimeters
Size of hot-rolled steel (diameter, square side, thickness)	Depth bezoperatsionnogo layer is not more
From 4 to 15 incl.	0,25
SV. 15 to 30 incl.	0,40
SV. 30 to 50 incl.	0,50
SV. 50 to 70 incl.	0,60
SV. 70 to 100 incl.	0,85
SV. 100 to 150 incl.	1,10

Rental diameter, square side or thickness greater than 150 mm in the decarburization is not checked.

7.9.2 Depth bezoperatsionnogo layer for the calibrated hire must not exceed 1% of diameter.

7.9.3 Decarburization of rolled with special surface finish is not allowed.

7.10 Microstructure

7.10.1 the Microstructure of the rental, you should consist of evenly distributed fine-grained perlite. The shape and degree of dispersion of perlite on the scale 8 (Appendix B), must comply with table 9.


Table 9 — the Shape and degree of dispersion of perlite

Product	The nominal size of rolled (diameter, square side or thickness), mm	The shape and degree of dispersion of perlite, scores
		SHKH15	SHKH4, ШХ7СГ, SHKH15SG, SHKH20SG
Hot rolled annealed rolled	Up to 85 incl.	1−4	1−5
The calibrated hire	All
Rolled with special surface finish	All

7.10.2 Carbide mesh

7.10.2.1 Carbide mesh in the microstructure of the annealed rolled diameter, square side or thickness up to 60 mm inclusive is not allowed. The remains of a carbide mesh should not exceed the score of 3 on a scale of 4 (Appendix B).

7.10.2.1.1 By agreement between manufacturer and customer in the microstructure of the annealed rolled diameter, square side or thickness up to 60 mm inclusive, designed for the manufacture of rollers, allowed the remnants of the carbide mesh, which should not exceed 3 points in the marginal zone, points 4 — in the Central area. The Central zone is separated by a circle with a radius equal to 0.3 of the diameter of the square side or thickness.

7.10.2.2 the Remains of a carbide mesh hot rolled annealed rolled in coils and bars up to ø 32 mm of steel grade ШХ7СГ intended for production of calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish, shall not exceed the score of 3 on a scale of 4 (Appendix B).

7.10.3 the Structural banding and carbide liquation

The development of structural poloschatosti determined on a scale of 5 (Appendix B), and carbide segregation, as defined on a scale of 6 (Appendix B), must not exceed the limits specified in table 10.


Table 10 — Structural banding and carbide liquation

Diameter, square side or thickness of the rolling, mm	The rental	The maximum score
		structural poloschatosti		carbide liquation
		SHKH4, ШХ7СГ, SHKH15, SHKH15SG, SHKH20SG	SHKH15-SH, SHKH15SG-SH	SHKH4, ШХ7СГ, SHKH15, SHKH15SG, SHKH20SG	SHKH15-SH, SHKH15SG-SH
All sizes	Rental and calibrated with special surface finish	2	2	1	1
Up to 85 incl.	The hot rolled annealed	3	2,5	2	1
To 140	Rental hot rolled unannealed	4	3	3	2
SV. 140	The hot rolled unannealed	4	3,5	3	2
Note — For steel electroslag remelting diameter, square side or thickness of 80 mm or more rules is achieved using omogenizarea heat treatment.

7.11 non-metallic inclusions

7.11.1 Pollution steel non-metallic inclusions, estimated in the control according to the maximum score for scales 1, 2, 3 (Appendix B) must conform to the standards specified in table 11.


Table 11 — Pollution steel non-metallic inclusions

The method of melting (remelting) steel	Diameter, square side or thickness of the rolling, mm	The rental	Pollution, points, not more
			Oxides	Sulfides	Globules
In electric arc furnaces, converters and other melting units with pumping	To 40 incl.	Calibrated and hot rolled annealed	2,0	2,0	1,5
		Hot rolled unannealed	2,5	2,5	2,0
	SV. 40 to 80 incl.	Calibrated and hot rolled annealed	2,5	2,5	2,0
		Hot rolled unannealed	3,0	2,5	2,5
	SV. 80 to 200 incl.	Hot rolled unannealed	3,0	3,0	2,5
Electroslag remelting	To 40 incl.	All	1,0	1,0	1,0
	SV. 40 to 200 incl.	All	1,5	1,5	1,5
Allowed separate attacks (points more than shown in this table): Allows for a single attack on one of the types of inclusions, oxides and sulfides shall not exceed 0.5 points, but in globular inclusions — 1.0 points. Allowed one lunge no more than 1.0 points for the two types of inclusions. Allows for a single attack by 0.5 points in one sample one type of inclusions. The rolled diameter of 200 mm supply requirements of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions by agreement between manufacturer and customer. Note — the Rules of the sulphides for steel, micro-alloyed gray agreed when ordering.

7.11.2 manufacturer In agreement with the customer-delivery of rental with requirements of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions under the control by the method of standard [3] in accordance with table 12.


Table 12 — Pollution steel non-metallic inclusions

Diameter, square side or thickness, mm					Scale IR Method A, points
And thin/thick	In thin/thick	With thin/thick	D thin/thick
To	8	incl.			2,5/1,5	2,0/1,0	0,5/0,5	1,0/1,0
SV.	8	to	17	incl.
«	17	«	35	«
«	35	«	70	«
«	70	«	100	«
«	100	«	140	«
«	140	«	200	«
Note — In method A of the standard [3] the results are expressed as the arithmetic mean value is calculated by dividing the sum of the worst fields (in each sample) for each type of inclusions to the number of samples. The requirements for inclusions type A (sulfide) do not apply to the rental of micro-alloyed gray iron.

7.12 Microporosity

7.12.1 Microporosity hot rolled unannealed rolled should not exceed the score of 3 on a scale of 7 (Appendix B). Microporosity hot rolled unannealed rolled out of billets intended for the manufacture of rollers is not allowed.

Microporosity calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish is not allowed. Microporosity hot rolled annealed rolled diameter up to 60 mm inclusive are not allowed, with a diameter of over 60 mm up to 85, inclusive, must not exceed 2 points on a scale of 7 (Appendix B). Microporosity hot rolled annealed rolled electroslag remelting is not allowed.

Note — For hot rolled unannealed bars with diameter over 60 mm microporosity more than 3 points allowed by agreement between manufacturer and customer.

7.13 the agreement between manufacturer and customer is allowed to produce a calibrated Bicycle with a phosphated surface.

7.14 According to customer’s requirement Bicycle made:

a) with high requirements for structural poloschatosti (hot rolled unannealed rolled diameter, square side or thickness over 85 to 140 mm inclusive, the maximum score structural poloschatosti — 3);

b) increased requirements for macrostructure (with scores less than specified in table 7);

C) with high purity non-metallic inclusions;

g) with controlled hardenability rolled diameter, square side or thickness of 28 mm or more;

d) control the hardenability of the rolled steel of grade SHKH4 after austenization at a temperature of (860±10)°C;

e) with high hardenability, which is achieved for steel SHKH15 with a mass fraction of manganese from 0.30% to 0.40% and chromium ranging from 1.50% to 1.65% and began SHKH15SG — manganese from 1.05% to 1.20% chromium and from 1.50% to 1.65%;

g) the normalized residues with a carbide grid bars or strips with a diameter, square side or thickness greater than 60 to 85 mm, inclusive;

s) with controlled macrostructure on longitudinal microtemplate;

K) with the control carbide segregation at other agreed methods of measurements;

l) control of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions by the method of testing the «blue break»;

m) control of internal defects using ultrasonic inspection (UT) according to GOST 21120;

n) with high requirements for carbide segregation (hot rolled unannealed rolled diameter, square side or thickness up to 140 mm with scores less than specified in table 10);

p) with high demands on the balance of carbide mesh (hot rolled unannealed rolled in coils and bars and rods of steel grades SHKH15, SHKH15SG — not above a score of 3);

R) steel, micro-alloyed gray. Mass fraction of sulphur agreed when ordering;

C) controlled nitride (stroke and point) inclusions.

Rules on transfers b), C), d)-l), n), R) determined by agreement between the manufacturer and the customer.

7.15 Comparison of the marks bearing steel specified in table 3, with stamps bearing steel according to the standard [4] and GOST 801 are given in Appendix B.

8 Rules of acceptance

8.1 General rules of acceptance GOST 7566 with the following additions:

8.1.1 For the acceptance of the rental show parties. The party includes bars, strips or coils of the same size cross sections, one melting ladle — to the casting of the ingot, one mode of heat treatment, the sequence in continuous casting of steel. The method of steelmaking indicate in an accompanying document.

Party steel electroslag remelting must consist of rods, strips, coils of the same size, one mode of heat treatment, obtained from a single source electrodes melting, it melted under a single technology.

Each batch of rental must be accompanied by a quality document issued in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7566 or standard [1].

8.2 To monitor the quality of hire establish the following sample size:

a) to check the shape and size — 10% rods, strips or skeins of the party, but not less than 5 pieces;

b) to control the mass and the inner diameter of the skeins all skeins of the party;

C) to check the surface quality all bars, strips or coils of the party;

g) for chemical analysis — one sample from melting. The determination of oxygen is carried out for every fifth melt;

d) to verify compliance with steel grade (the methods of sparks or telescopische and other non-destructive methods) — all rods, strips or coils of the party. By agreement between manufacturer and consumer control of hire for compliance Marche is allowed to spend, and ensure technology;

e) to test for hot and cold draught or three rod, strip or a coil of each size in the melt;

g) for testing of hardness:

1) from one to three rods or bars from a 1 ton, but not less than five bars or bands from party — diameter, square side or thickness up to 30 mm, inclusive;

2) 10% of bars or strips from the party, but no less than five bars or strips with a diameter, square side or thickness more than 30 mm;

3) not less than five skeins from the party;

and) to check the macrostructure or two of rod, strip or coil of the party;

K) to verify that no shrinkage on the fracture across the direction of fibre for rental: with special surface finishing calibrated all sizes and hot rolled annealed rolled sizes up to 50 mm inclusive — all rods, strips or coils of the party (at one end); 100% non-destructive control methods to control fracture subjected to two rods, two strips, or two rolls from the party. Allowed to conduct inspection ultrasonic inspection at an intermediate workpiece;

l) to check the fracture annealed rolled diameter, square side or thickness up to 50 mm and the untreated rentals of all sizes for tempered samples taken along the direction of the fibers, two bars, two bands, or two rolls from the party;

m) to check the depth of the layer besplatnogo — five rods, strips or coils from the party;

n) to check the microstructure (perlite) — five rods, strips or coils from the party;

p) to check carbide mesh carbide segregation, structural poloschatosti — five rods, strips or coils from the party for each type of control;

R) to check the contamination of steel non-metallic inclusions — six rods, strips or coils from the party;

C) to check the microporosity — six rods, strips or coils from the party;

t) to check the hardenability — two samples from the melt;

y) to check the contamination of steel non-metallic inclusions on the «blue break» — number of bars (templates) from melting in accordance with Annex V;

f) for ultrasonic inspection — 100% of bars or strips or other amount agreed upon when ordering.

Note — if the number of items in a batch is less than the normal selection of products for testing, then this test is 100% products.

8.3 in case of unsatisfactory results of analysis of ladle samples the chemical composition of steel can be certificated for the analysis of finished products. In the document as indicated by the results of the two tests.

8.4 Re-testing

8.4.1 in case of discrepancy of testing results of any indicator of quality (except for non-metallic inclusions) the requirements of this standard re-control it is carried out in accordance with GOST 7566 with additions.

8.4.1.1 Upon receipt of satisfactory results of re-testing all the unit included in the party think fit, except units of production, which showed unsatisfactory results during the initial trials.

8.4.1.2 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results, re-testing allowed the manufacturer to carry out a continuous control for indicators, on which these tests are not maintained.

8.4.2 Upon receipt of unsatisfactory results of primary control non-metallic inclusions of rejected bars, strips and reels of delivery rule out re-inspections should be performed:

— hot rolled unannealed rental — six new samples taken from randomly selected new rods, strips or skeins;

— rolled with special surface finish, calibrated and hot rolled annealed — nine new samples taken from randomly selected new rods, strips or coils.

If unsatisfactory results of repeated control non-metallic inclusions remaining part of the party is allowed to check Positano (for open smelting) or politono (ESR), or the number of billets in streams with control-rolled, made of each trap, the ESR ingot or continuous cast billets of a number on the casting as a separate party.

9 test Methods

9.1 Control size rental perform measuring devices or templates corresponding to the accuracy.

Control of deviations of the form of hire is carried out according to GOST 26877.

9.2 Sampling for determining the chemical composition of the steel is carried out according to GOST 7565. Chemical analysis were performed by the methods established 12344 GOST — GOST 12352, 12354 series GOST — GOST 12357, GOST 12359, 12361 GOST, GOST 17745, GOST 18895, GOST 27809, GOST 28033, 28473 GOST, GOST R ISO 4940, GOST R ISO 4943, GOST R ISO 10280, GOST R 54153 or by other methods of measurements, accuracy is not inferior to the standard. Sampling for the determination of oxygen is carried out according to the standard [5].

9.3 controlling the surface quality of the rolled carried out by nondestructive methods.

Allowed to control the surface quality inspection of rolled without the use of magnifying devices. Hot-rolled steel shall be exposed to etching or bleaching of the rings or snake. The distance between the rings or step snake should not exceed 500 mm.

The depth of the defects on the surface of the rental determines the control sweep or zapilovku file.

9.4 Tests on sediment is carried out according to GOST 8817. When tested on a hot sediment sample with a height equal to two diameters or two thicknesses of hire, must okazyvatsya to 1/3 of its original height, and when tested on a cold draught up to ½ of the height.

By agreement between manufacturer and customer is allowed to deliver the rental guarantee precipitation in hot conditions up to 1/3 of the original height of the sample without carrying out tests.

The hot upset test performed on the samples heated to a temperature of 900°C-1150°C.

9.5 Hardness annealed rental is determined according to GOST 9012 after Stripping bezoperatsionnogo layer from both ends of selected rods, strips and coils. Allowed to check the hardness in the cross section of the samples.

9.6 Macrostructure of rolled and podnasadochnogo liquation rolled out of billets is controlled according to GOST 10243 or standard [2]; Central porosity, axial segregation, segregated strips in points for the rolled slab according to the standard [6].

The macro-structure of rent control according to GOST 10243. Macrostructure of rolled diameter, square side or thickness greater than 30 mm on the etched cross-check templete and fracture, and rolled in diameter, square side or thickness up to 30 mm only for breaking. Allowed to conduct a General evaluation of the macrostructure of rolled diameter, square side or thickness of 30 mm and less in the treated Templeton.

The absence of shrinkage can be checked by magnetic method on the washers, cut off the two ends of a rod, strip or coil.

Allowed to check the macrostructure and shrinkage sink non destructive testing according to GOST and GOST 12503 21120.

Macrostructure of rolled diameter or thickness over 120 mm are allowed to control on specimens reforged to the diameter or thickness of 120 mm.

9.7 Fracture control on specimens cut from one end of the rod, strip, roll.

To obtain the fracture it is necessary to make single or double incision with subsequent breaking away.

9.8 Depth bezoperatsionnogo layer is determined according to GOST 1763 on five samples taken, one from each control unit.

Consumers can conduct a preliminary inspection of decarburization by the method of sparking.

When the depth control bezoperatsionnogo layers using T samples should be subjected to quenching from a temperature of (850±10)°C in oil.

After Stripping the surface of bars to a depth corresponding to acceptable standards bezoperatsionnogo layer specified in 7.9.1−7.9.3, the hardness should be at least 61 HRC.

Depth bezoperatsionnogo layer unannealed rolled are allowed to check on the fracture.

If there are differences in the depth bezoperatsionnogo layer test method M.

9.9 Microstructure (pearlite) of steel as hot-rolled annealed, calibrated and with special surface finish rolled to check on the five transverse samples taken one from each of the control units.

Samples for making thin sections cut in the form of washers with a thickness of 10−25 mm.

Sections from the rolled diameter, square side or thickness up to 40 mm inclusive manufactured throughout the cross section and diameter, square side or thickness in excess of 40 to 85 mm inclusive — carved out of the washers of one quarter section.

Sections are encouraged to veer into a freshly prepared solution of nitric acid and ethyl alcohol are mixed in a ratio of 1:49 or 1:24, or in a saturated aqueous solution of trinitrophenol (picric acid) with additives of 1% to 5% surfactants. The structure of perlite appreciate if you increase 450−600on a scale of 8 (Appendix B).

9.10 Sampling and preparation of samples for evaluation of contamination of steel non-metallic inclusions is carried out according to GOST 1778. Samples taken from the untreated rolled, allowed to be subjected to preliminary annealing.

Monitoring is carried out on six samples taken, one from each control unit.

The cut samples subjected to quenching from a temperature of (850±10)°C with cooling in oil and tempering at a temperature of 150°C-160°C for 1 h.

Assessment of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions is carried out at a magnification of 90−110, and the diameter of the field of view of 1.1−1.3 mm.

Evaluation of each cone is carried out by comparing its most contaminated places with scales (Appendix B).

The oxides of stroke is rated on a scale 1, a sulfide — on a scale of 2 and non-deformable oxides (globules) — scale 3 (Appendix B).

Silicates evaluated by stroke scale oxides or sulphides and relate to oxide inclusions.

If inclusion could not be assessed in one of two neighboring points, evaluate intermediate points 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5, etc.

9.10.1 Evaluation of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions by the method of testing the «blue break» is carried out according to methodology described in Appendix G.

By agreement between manufacturer and with the customer allowed the assessment of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions by the method of testing the «blue break» to carry out according to the standard [7] or other agreed methods.

9.11 Clipping samples, heat treatment and manufacturing of thin sections to assess carbide mesh is carried out in the same way as for the evaluation of non-metallic inclusions.

Sections poison diluted 1:24 with nitric acid until blackening and distinct identification of carbides.

The remains of a carbide mesh estimate with increasing 450−500at the worst place of the socket by comparison with the standards of the scale 4 (Appendix B).

Party rental estimate by the maximum score estimates of the samples.

When delivered with a normalized carbide mesh rolled diameter or thickness 61−85 mm Central zone with a diameter of 25 mm are not in control.

If the remains of a carbide mesh could not be assessed in one of two neighboring standards scales that assess intermediate points 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5, etc.

9.12 Structural banding evaluated on the longitudinal sections.

Cutting, heat treatment and manufacture of thin sections is carried out in the same way as for the evaluation of non-metallic inclusions.

Samples taken from the untreated rolled, should be pre-annealed hardness corresponding to 7.7.1. Samples cut from the rolled diameter or thickness of 140 mm and more, subjected to heat treatment without pre-annealing.

The micro-sections must be poison in the freshly prepared solution of nitric acid and ethyl alcohol are mixed in a ratio of 1:24. The time of etching is 15 to 20 C.

The evaluation of structural poloschatosti is carried out at 90−110 increaseby comparison with the standards of the scale 5 (Appendix B).

On each socket it is necessary to estimate the maximum structural banding.

If the evaluation of structural poloschatosti cannot be conducted by one of the two points of measurement standards, it is allowed to evaluate intermediate points: 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5, etc.

The result of the control take the maximum score from the evaluations of the samples.

9.13 For the evaluation of carbide segregation clipping samples, heat processing and preparation of thin sections is carried out in the same way as for the evaluation of non-metallic inclusions.

Carbide liquation appreciate if you increase 90−110according to the worst place comparing with standard scale 6 (Appendix B). If carbide liquation cannot be evaluated one of the two neighboring points that allowed estimation of intermediate points 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5.

Party rental estimate by the maximum score estimates of the samples.

9.14 allowed assessment of the structural banding, carbide liquation and carbide mesh on the samples made for the control of nonmetallic inclusions.

9.15 Microporosity appreciate viewing the samples made for the control of nonmetallic inclusions.

At each cone with increasing 90−110determine the most microporosity, which were scored by comparison with standard scales 7 (Appendix B).

If microporosity cannot be evaluated one of the two neighboring points that allowed estimation of intermediate points 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5, etc.

In the rolled steel obtained by electroslag remelting, microporosity tested only in the as-delivered profile.

The result of the control take the maximum score from the evaluations of the samples.

9.16 Control of hardenability subjected to wire diameter, square side or thickness of 28 mm or more. Control is carried out by mechanical hardening according to GOST 5657 and methodology are given in Appendix D.

Bars cross-section 50 mm or more needs to be reforged or percutane in the direction of the reference fiber sample diameter, square side or thickness of about 30 mm.

Allowed the production of samples cut for the entire range of diameters or thicknesses. Place cuttings samples from profiles up to 150 mm inclusive, by agreement between manufacturer and customer profiles more than 150 mm — according to GOST 5657. In arbitration cases, the cutting samples are allowed from profiles in accordance with GOST 5657.

9.17 in the manufacture of steel trunks several sizes of sections is permitted to inspect macrostructure, non-metallic inclusions, microporosity (open steel smelting), structural banding and carbide liquation in the profile maximum size, and the results of monitoring be extended to all smaller sizes.

9.18 the Scale of 1−8 is given in Appendix B.

10 Marking, packaging, documentation, transportation and storage

10.1 Labeling, packaging, documentation, transportation and storage must meet the requirements of GOST 7566 with the following additions.

10.1.1 Bicycle diameter, square side or thickness from 30 to 70 mm inclusive shall be marked on the surface of the rod toward the end, rent-a-diameter, square side or thickness over 70 mm at the end.

Notes

1 allowed by agreement between manufacturer and customer the hire of diameter, square side or thickness of 70 mm or more marking through sticking paper labels coated with water resistant varnish.

2 rolled diameter, square side or thickness less than 30 mm and strips with a thickness of 30 to 70 mm inclusive is allowed to mark at the end of the paper labels and, in addition, filling the ends with green paint, at least 10 pieces in pack.

10.1.2 For rental, made of steel trunks which do not is determined by the actual mass fraction of oxygen [8.2 enumeration d)], the document about the quality of the indicate: «oxygen not more than 0,0015%".

10.1.3 For the coils and rods of diameter or thickness less than 30 mm marking applied to the label to each bundle labels should also be marked at least three security bars and bands in conjunction with staining them all with green paint.

10.1.4 rolled with special surface finish, Packed in burlap, synthetic film or boxes with paper packing. Allowed other packaging that ensures the safety of the rental during transportation from damage and corrosion.

10.1.5 rolled with special surface finish and gauged rolled for protection from corrosion should be covered with a removable lubricant.

According to customer’s requirement rolled with special surface finish and gauged hire grease no cover.

10.1.6 rolled from steel obtained by electroslag remelting, must have additional marking with letter W, with vacuum -, direct reduction — PV.

At the request of the customer in the application of continuous cast billet can be coated with additional marking at the end of the rental GKN.

EBank opening and servicing 10.1.7 manufacturer In agreement with the customer allowed bars and strip packaging in bundles with the attachment of two labels instead of marking.

Annex a (mandatory). Unified gauge hot-rolled and calibrated rolled and rolled with special surface finish

Appendix A
(required)

Table A. 1

The rental	Diameter of bars, mm
The hot rolled	6,5; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 35; 36; 38; 40; 42; 45; 48; 50; 52; 54; 55; 56; 60; 65; 70; 75; 80; 85; 90; 95; 100; 105; 110; 115; 120; 130; 140; 150; 160; 170; 180; 190; 200; 210; 220; 230; 240; 250; 260; 270; 280; 290; 300
Rental and calibrated with special surface finish	4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5; 7,0; 8,0; 9,0; 10,0; 11,0; 12,0; 13,0; 14,0; 15,0; 16,0; 17,0; 18,0; 19,0; 20,0; 21,0; 22,0; 23,0; 24,0; 25,0; 26,0; 27,0; 28,0; 29,0; 30,0; 31,0; 32,0; 33,0; 34,0; 35,0; 36,0; 37,0; 38,0; 39,0; 40,0; 41,0; 42,0; 44,0; 45,0; 46,0; 48,0; 49,0; 50,0; 55,0; 56,0; 58,0; 60,0; 61,0; 62,0;. 63,0; 65,0; 67,0; 69,0; 70,0; 71,0; 73,0; 75,0; 78,0; 80,0

Appendix B (mandatory). Scale for the assessment of rental

Appendix B
(required)

(see tabs)

Scale 1−3. Non-metallic inclusions

Scale 4. Carbide mesh

Scale 5. Structural banding

Scale 6. Carbide liquation

Scale 7. Microporosity

Scale 8. The microstructure of annealed steel

SCALE N 1

OXIDE INCLUSIONS 100

N SCALE 2

SULFIDE INCLUSIONS 100

N SCALE 3

OXIDE INCLUSIONS NON-DEFORMING 100 (GLOBULAR)

N SCALE 4

CARBIDE MESH 500

SCALE N 5

STRUCTURAL BANDING 100

Sheet 1

SCALE N 5

STRUCTURAL BANDING 100

Sheet 2

N SCALE 6

CARBIDE LIQUATION 100

N SCALE 7

MICROPOROSITY 100

N SCALE 8

THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE ANNEALED STEEL 500

Annex b (mandatory). The comparison of the marks bearing steel

The App
(required)

Table B. 1

GOST R 56299−2014	GOST 801−78	ISO 683−17:1999*
Steel-through hardenability
SHKH15	SHKH15	100Cr6 (1.3505)
SHKH15SG	SHKH15SG	100CrMnSi6−4 (1.3520)
SHKH20SG	SHKH20SG	100CrMnSi6−6 (1.3519)
ШХ7СГ	-	-
Steel, hardened with induction heating
SHKH4	SHKH4	-

________________
* Access to international and foreign documents referred to here and hereinafter, can be obtained by clicking on the link to the site shop.cntd.ru. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

Appendix d (mandatory). The definition of pollution steel non-metallic inclusions by the method of «blue break»

Appendix D
(required)

G. 1 the essence of the method consists in obtaining of a break blue and calculation of the coefficient of contamination of steel inclusions, which appear on a blue background.

G. 2 methodology the calculations use the following notation:

L — the length of the defects;

L1,0 — length of defects 1.0 mm;

La 1.5 — length defects of 1.5 mm;

S — the area of the fracture, DM;

K — coefficient of contamination of the fractures.

3 «Blue break» get on templeto controlled macrostructure according to GOST 10243.

4 the operation «blue break».

4.1 Control break is performed by GOST 10243 (paragraph 2.8) with advanced volumetric heating of the templates to the temperature (400−10)°C for at least 2 hours.

4.2 take a break with a minimum loss of temperature of the investigated template.

4.3 After the destruction of the investigated template kept it on the air for rapid oxidation as long as the metal in places where it is broken will not accept the color blue.

4.4 when you see the blue on the breaks for a quick cooling and fixing the color templet cooled in water and dried with compressed air.

G. 5 Assessment of contamination of metal non-metallic inclusions.

5.1 Instruments and means of measurement.

5.1.1 Microscope of the type MSB-9, or any other optical instrument with a scale interval not less than 0.1 mm.

5.1.2 Caliper according to GOST 166.

5.1.3 the metal Ruler according to GOST 427.

5.2 Evaluation of contamination of the investigated template is carried out on one of the two halves.

5.3 use of the microscope (G. 5.1.1) inspect the area of the fracture and measure the length of each shown on a blue background inclusion.

5.4 Determine the total value of the lengths of the inclusions investigated template within the following ranges:

— the total length of the inclusions with their single length 1.0 mm;

— the total length of the inclusions with their single length of 1.5 mm.

5.5 Conduct measurement and determine the area of fracture surface in square decimeters.

5.6 Determine the total length of inclusions on the fracture of one melting.

5.7 to Determine the rate of contamination by the following formulas:

(1)

(2)

where i is the number of inclusions with a length of 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm;

L — unit length of inclusions, mm;

j — the number of samples testing;

S — the area of the fracture, DM.

G. 6 Selection of the number of templates from melting for «blue break».

G. 6.1 size of fractures for controlling the «blue break», equal to 1 DM, examine the following number of templates:

The diameter of sample, mm	The number of templates.
from 80 to 100	5
from 100 to 130	4
from 130 to 160	3

Appendix e (mandatory). Control of hardenability of the rolled steel grades SHKH4, SHKH15 and SHKH15SG by the method of mechanical hardening

Appendix E
(required)

D. 1 Control hardenability of steel by end quenching is that one end of a cylindrical sample heated to the quenching temperature, cooled with water in a special installation. After quenching the hardness is measured along the length of the sample from water-cooled end face to the soft head and by interpolation determine the depth of hardenability.

Under the hardenability of steel grades SHKH15 and SHKH15SG understand the depth of penetration of the hardened zone from the cooled end of the sample to the point of having a hardness of 61 HRC. Standards for steel grade SHKH4 — by agreement between manufacturer and customer.

1.1 Sampling

1.1.1 Sample for testing of steel hardenability should be cylindrical shape with a diameter of (25±0,25) mm and a length of (100±0,5) mm with a shoulder at one end (figure D. 1).

Figure D. 1. The sample for the testing of steel hardenability

Figure D. 1

1.1.2 of the rod section 28 to 50 mm the sample machined from center in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7564, and bars cross-section 50 mm and more — from samples reforged or perekatnoe on round, square size 30mm. the Axis of the specimen and rod must match.

Allowed the production of samples cut for the entire range of diameters.

Allowed to control hardenability to take one sample.

1.1.3 Samples machined from annealed steel. Structure of steel after annealing shall conform to the requirements of this standard. Score of perlite indicate in the test report.

1.1.4 At the end of the sample (from the shoulder) should be marked (melting number and sample number).

1.1.5 To control hardenability select two samples from melting.

1.2 Equipment and devices

1.2.1 Oven for heating samples under annealing

Heating of the samples under annealing is carried out in a chamber furnace, which should be provided with a temperature difference no more than ±4°C — volume of the working space and ±3°C — in time.

The level of stability of maintaining of temperature is achieved by the following:

— working space of the furnace is separated from the heating part of a special screening a metallic muffle (for example, of steel grade H23N18);

— the temperature in the furnace maintained at a predetermined level platinum-rhodium thermocouple with a regulating potentiometer;

the furnace control is carried out by the three-position regulation: «maximum», «normal», «off». To control the working of a thermocouple in a furnace should be an extra hole for mounting a control thermocouple, which is connected to a portable potentiometer type PP. The accuracy of working of thermocouple during operation shall be inspected daily by the control thermocouple and portable potentiometer type PP.

1.2.2 Installation for quenching of the sample

Figure 2. Installation for quenching of the sample

1 — holder; 2 — sample; 3 — nozzle

Figure D. 2

The installation must comply with the following basic requirements:

the sample should be mounted vertically facing surface of the nozzle, the axis of the specimen and the nozzle must match.

— nozzle diameter — (12,5±0,5) mm, height of free water jet on the nozzle — (65+5) mm and the distance from the nozzle to the end of the sample — (12,5±0,5) mm;

— water jet before installation sample must be covered with a special plate, which after the installation of the heated sample is shifted in the direction;

the height of the jet in the cooling process, the sample should be constant;

— the water should just touch the end of the sample, not washing its cylindrical surface.

1.2.3 the Device for measuring the hardness

The hardness is determined by Rockwell (HRC) in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9013. The hardness of the rolled measured at the same hardness and the same diamond cone. The device should be set to measure hardness in the range of 60−65 HRC. Every day before testing samples for hardness the hardenability of the accuracy of the readings check on the standard with hardness 60−65 HRC.

1.3 Preparation of samples

1.3.1 by heating the end of the sample subject to water cooling, must be protected from oxidation and decarburization. The sample is placed in a steel cylindrical Cup with a lid. The sample is put on the end intended for cooling, a graphite plate or a layer of spent graphite. The design and dimensions of glass shown in figure D. 3.

Figure D. 3. The design and dimensions of the Cup

1 — box; 2 — cover; 3 — sample; 4 — graphite plate

Figure D. 3

1.3.2 In the furnace must be heated to no more than two samples in cups that are precisely matched to the design given in figure D. 3. Cups must be installed in the center of the oven on a ceramic stand (the brick) so that the end of the thermocouple was at a distance of not more than 10 mm from the Cup (or between the cups if two of them).

1.3.3 Set the heating temperature of the sample under annealing should be: 860 °C — for steel grade SHKH4, 850 °C — for steel grade SHKH15, 840 °C — for steel grade SHKH15SG.

1.3.4 the heating Time of the sample (since landing in the furnace) should be 60 min. the Samples are placed in the cups, pre-heated at 850 °C for 30 min.

1.3.5 the Time from the moment of extraction of the sample from the furnace before cooling does not exceed 5 s.

1.3.6 After removing the sample from the oven door must be immediately closed.

1.3.7 the Sample should be under running water until completely cooled (at least 10 min).

1.3.8 the cooling water Temperature should be 10°C-20°C. If the temperature of the water for testing is not possible to keep within the specified limits, the test report and the certificate must be specified the actual temperature of the cooling water.

1.4 hardness Measurement

1.4.1 For measuring the hardness along the entire length of the tempered sample is ground off two opposite substantially parallel to the pad at depth of (0,7±0,1) mm.

1.4.2 Courts should zashlifovyvayutsya on the grinding machine with abundant cooling water or a special emulsion. The roughness of the ground should correspond to GOST 2789. Not allowed burn marks, causing structural changes in the metal. Not allowed the grinding of the tracks manually on the sandpaper.

Notes

1 Revealing burn marks on the pads of the samples after grinding can be carried out by the following procedure: the plane polished washed with warm water and etched in a 5% aqueous solution of nitric acid (GOST 4461) until then, until the surface becomes black (30−60).

After etching, the surface is washed with warm water, then the sample is immersed for 3 with a 50% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (GOST 3118) and washed with water.

Changes of hardness and structure in grinding processes after such processing, are identified in the form of bright and dark spots.

2 burn marks obtained by grinding, before the hardness measurement needs to be removed to re-grinding to a depth of 0.1 mm. If after re-sanding burn marks remain, then plane to measure the hardness of produce again.

3 Before the measurement of hardness with the samples you must remove the traces of the emulsion, for which the samples are wiped with gasoline or alcohol.

4 Traces of hardness measurements must be removed prior to measurement on the opposite surface. The marks and remove burrs with emery paper N 3 or micron paper No. 40.

1.4.3 For determining hardenability of steel hardness measurements begin at a distance of 1.5 mm from the hardened end face in the axial direction at intervals of 1.5 mm to obtain a hardness less than 61 HRC for steel grades SHKH15 and less than 60 HRC, for steel grade SHKH15SG. Locations of hardness measurements shall be marked on caslifornia the platform using special tools or a pencil with a metal ruler.

1.4.4 If necessary, re-measure the hardness at the site where the measurements were made, the site must be refaced. Depth of metal removal when re-grinding should be 0.1−0.2 mm. is allowed to produce a new track.

1.4.5 If the sample cracks or other defects that lead to distortion of results of the hardness measurements, the sample is rejected.

1.5 Evaluation of test results

1.5.1 For each pair of points at the same distance from the end face on the opposite two sites, calculate the average hardness value.

1.5.2 by interpolation determine the distance from the end of the sample to the point of having a hardness of 61 HRC for steel grades SHKH15 and 60 HRC, for steel grade SHKH15SG.

Example — At a distance of 7.5 mm from the end of the sample, the average hardness for steel grade SHKH15 on measurements from two sides is 63.5 HRC, and at the distance of 9.0 mm — 59,0 HRC.

The difference in hardness of these related points:

63,5 HRC — HRC 59,0 = 4,5 HRC.

The difference in hardness points at a distance of 7.5 mm from the end (above the critical) and critical hardness:

63,5 HRC — 61,0 HRC = HRC OF 2.5.

The drop in hardness is 4.5 HRC occurs on the length of 1.5 mm.

Drop the hardness HRC of 2.5 occurs at a length equal to:

mm.

The hardenability of a given sample is:

7,5 + 0,83 = 8,33 mm.

A similar result would be obtained when calculating the position of a point with depth hardenability 61,0 HRC, if made from the points of hardenability is less critical. In this case, you must not add, and subtract the estimated distance corresponding to the gradient of hardness. For the above example the calculation would be as follows:

61,0 HRC — HRC 59,0 = 2,0 HRC;

;

P = 9.0 mm — 0.67 mm = 8,33 mm.

Determination of hardenability can be performed by interpolation, and also a graphical way. Sample schedule for calculation is shown in figure D. 4 and require no special explanation.

Figure D. 4. Sample schedule for calculation of

Figure D. 4

Bibliography

[1]	DIN EN 10204:2005	Products metal. Types of inspection certificates
	(DIN EN 10204:2005)	(Metalic products — Types of inspection documents)*
________________ * Translation of this standard is the Federal information Fund of technical regulations and standards.
[2]	ASTM E 381−2001	A method of controlling the macrostructure etching for steel long products, stook, blooms and forgings
	(ASTM E 381−2001)	(Standard method of microetch testing steel bars, billets, blooms and forgings)
[3]	ASTM E 45	Standard methods for determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel
	(ASTM E 45)	(Standard test methods for determining inclusion of contect of steel)*
________________ * Translation of this standard is the Federal information Fund of technical regulations and standards.
[4]	ISO 683−17:1999	Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steel. Part 17. Steel for the manufacture of ball and roller bearings
	(ISO 683−17:1999)	(Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels — Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels)*
________________ * Translation of this standard is the Federal information Fund of technical regulations and standards.
[5]	EN ISO 14284:2002	Cast iron and steel. Selection and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition
	(EN ISO 14284:2002)	(Eisen und Stahl. Entnahme und Vorbereitung von Proben die Bestimmung der chimischen **)*
________________ * Transfer standard is the Federal information Fund of technical regulations and standards. ** The text of the document matches the original. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
[6]	OST 14−1-235−91	Steel. A method of controlling the macrostructure of billets for manufacturing long products and pipe blanks
[7]	ISO 3763−76	Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions by methods of macroscopic
	(ISO 3763:1976)	(Wrought steels. Macroscopic methods for assessing the content of non-metallic inclusions)*
________________ * Translation of this standard is the Federal information Fund of technical regulations and standards.

UDC 669.14.018.24:006.354	OKS 77.080.20	OKP 09 5600
		11 4200
		11 5300
Keywords: Bicycle, bearing steel balls, rollers, rings, bearings, hardenability, macrostructure, fracture, microstructure, nonmetallic inclusions, structural banding, carbide liquation, microporosity