GOST 20072-74

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  ГОСТ 20072-74

GOST 20072−74 heat-resistant Steel. Specifications (with Amendments No. 1, 2)

GOST 20072−74

Group В32

INTERSTATE STANDARD

HEAT-RESISTANT STEEL

Specifications

Heat-resistant steel. Specifications

ISS 77.080.20
OKP 09 6001

Date of introduction 1976−01−01

The decision of the State standards Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers dated 13 August 1974 1966 N. date of entry installed 01.01.76

Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 2−92 of the Interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 2−93)

REPLACE GOST 10500−63 in part heat-resistant steel GOST 5632−72 in part brands 15H5, 15H5M, 15KH5VF, 12KH8VF

EDITION with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in October 1980, December 1985 (IUS 12−80, 3 to 86).


This standard applies to heat resistant alloy steel pearlitic and martensitic grades hot rolled and forged diameter or thickness up to 200 mm, calibrated, manufactured in bars, strips and coils.

Steel intended for the manufacture of parts operating under load at temperatures up to 600 °C for long time.

As part of the rules of the chemical composition standard applies to bars, all types of rolled products and forgings.

Indicators of technical level established by this standard are intended for highest and first quality categories.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

1. CLASSIFICATION

1.1. The types of processing steel is divided into:

hot-rolled;

forged;

calibrated;

grooved brushed.

1.2. As material steel classification:

without heat treatment;

heat-treated — T;

nagaremono — N (grooved for steel).

1.3. Depending on the purpose hot rolled and forged steel is divided into subgroups:

a — for hot forming;

b — for cold mechanical processing (turning, planing, milling and other processing over the entire surface);

in — for cold drawing (rolled).

The appointment of steel (subgroup) must be specified in the order.

2A. ASSORTMENT

2.1. The steel grades shall conform to the requirements:

GOST 2590−88* for hot rolled round;
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation the document is not valid. Standards 2590−2006. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 2591−88* for hot-rolled square;
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation the document is not valid. Standards 2591−2006, here and hereafter. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 1133−71 — forged round and square;

GOST 103−76* and GOST 4405−75 — hot-rolled strip;
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation the document is not valid. Valid GOST 103−2006, here and hereafter. — Note the manufacturer’s database.

GOST 7417−75 — round calibrated;

GOST 14955−77 — for round calibrated with special surface finish;

GOST 8559−75 — calibrated square;

GOST 8560−78 — calibrated hex.

Notes:

1. Allowed to produce hot rolled square steel with the side of the square to 100 mm according to GOST 2591−88 with the corners rounded with a radius not exceeding 0,15 of the square.

2. Allowed to put a round grooved polished steel with minimum length 2 m.


Examples of symbols

Hot-rolled square steel, with the sides of a square of 30 mm, a normal accuracy of rolling In according to GOST 2591−88 brand 20KH3MVF, for hot processing, without heat treatment:

Steel hot-rolled strip with a thickness of 36 mm, width 90 mm, according to GOST 103−76 brand 20KH1M1F1BR-h, cold-machining, heat treated:

Calibrated round steel with a diameter of 25 mm accuracy class 4, GOST 7417−75, brand 12KH1MF, surface quality group b, nagarebana:

Sec. 2A. (Added, Rev. N 2).

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Heat resistant alloy steel manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Brand and chemical composition of steel shall be as specified in table.1.

Mass fraction of sulfur and phosphorus in steel of the highest quality should be at 0.005% less than the values given in table.1.

Table 1

Steel grades

Mass fraction of elements, %

A new designation

Old notation- increase

Carbon

Silicon

Manganese

Chrome

Nickel

Titan

Tungsten

Molybdenum

Niobium

Vanadium

Sulfur

Phosphorus

Bor

Cerium

No more

1. Steel pearlitic class

12MKH

-

0,09−0,16

0,17−0,37

0,4−0,7

0,4−0,7

He more than 0.30

-

-

0,4−0,6

-

-

0,025

0,030

-

-

12KH1MF

12ХМФ

0,10−0,15

0,17−0,37

0,4−0,7

0,9−1,2

He more than 0.30

-

-

0,25−0,35

-

0,15−0,30

0,025

0,030

-

-

20KH1M1F1TR

ЭП182

0,17−0,24

Less than 0.37

Not more than 0.5

0,9−1,4

Not more than 0.30

0,05−0,12

-

0,8−1,1

-

0,7−1,0

0,030

0,030

The estimated 0,005

-

20KH1M1F1BR

20ХМФБ ЭП44

0,18−0,25

Less than 0.37

0,5−0,8

1.0 to 1.5

Not more than 0.30

Calculation — Noe 0,06

-

0,8−1,1

0,05−0,15

0,7−1,0

0,030

0,030

The estimated 0,005

Calculation of 0.05−0.10

25KH1MF

ЭИ10

0,22−0,29

0,17−0,37

0,4−0,7

1,5−1,8

Not more than 0.30

-

-

0,25−0,35

-

0,15−0,30

0,025

0,030

-

-

18KH3MV

ЭИ578

0,15−0,20

0,17−0,37

0,25−0,50

2,5−3,0

Not more than 0.30

-

0,5−0,8

0,5−0,7

-

0,05 — 0,15

0,025

0,030

-

-

20KH3MVF

ЭИ415, ЭИ579

0,15−0,23

0,17−0,37

0,25−0,50

The 2.8−3.3 V

Not more than 0.30

-

0,3−0,5

0,35−0,55

-

0,60−0,85

0,025

0,030

-

-

2. Steel martensitic class

15H5

X5

Not more than 0.15

Not more than 0.5

Not more than 0.5

4,5−6,0

Not more than 0.6

-

-

-

-

-

0,025

0,030

-

-

15X5M

H5M

Not more than 0.15

Not more than 0.5

Not more than 0.5

4,5−6,0

Not more than 0.6

-

-

0,45−0,60

-

-

0,025

0,030

-

-

15KH5VF

Х5ВФ

Not more than 0.15

0,3−0,6

Not more than 0.5

4,5−6,0

Not more than 0.6

-

0,4−0,7

-

-

0,4−0,6

0,025

0,030

-

-

12KH8VF

1Х8ВФ

0,08−0,15

Not more than 0.6

Not more than 0.5

7,0−8,5

Not more than 0.6

-

0,6−1,0

-

-

0,3−0,5

0,025

0,030

-

-

Notes:

1. Chemical elements in steel grades are designated by the following letters: B — niobium, — tungsten, M — molybdenum, N — Nickel, P — Bor, T — Titan, f — vanadium, X — chrome.

The name of the steels consists of symbols of elements and the following digits. The figures after the letters indicate the average mass fraction of alloying element in integer units, in addition to elements present in steel in small quantities. The figures in the letter indicate the average or the maximum (no lower limit) mass fraction of carbon in the steel in hundredths of a percent.

Steel obtained by electroslag remelting, further denoted by a dash at the end of the name of the brand letter.

2. Specified in the table amounts of boron and cerium chemical analysis is not defined.

3. The admixture of copper should not exceed 0.20% and the steel produced scrap-process, not more than 0.30%.

4. The 25KH1MF steel stamps can be manufactured with a mass fraction of molybdenum in the range of 0.6−0.8%, in this case it is denoted by the brand name 25KH1M1 °F (P2).

5. Presence of tungsten, up to 0.2%, vanadium up to 0.05%, titanium up to 0.03% (with the exception of the steel grade 20KH1M1F1BR) in steels of pearlitic class, not doped with these elements, unless a different number of these elements is not specified in the documentation approved in the established order. In steel brand 20KH1M1F1BR Titan chemical analysis is not defined.

6. Presence of tungsten to 0.3%, vanadium up to 0.05%, molybdenum 0.2% and titanium up to 0.03% in martensitic steels not alloyed with these elements, unless a different number of these elements is not specified in the documentation approved in the established order.

7. Mass fraction of sulphur in steel produced by electroslag remelting, should be no more than 0,015%.


2.1; 2.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.3. In the finished rolled product and in the observance of mechanical properties and other requirements of this standard allowed variations in chemical composition not exceeding the limits specified in table.2.

Table 2

The name of the element	The upper limit mass fraction of element, %	Tolerance, %
Carbon	According to table.1	±0,01
Silicon	The same	±0,02
Manganese	«	±0,02
Chrome	Less than 1.0	±0,02
	1,0−5,0	±0,05
	More than 5.0	±0,1
Molybdenum	Less than 1.0	±0,02
	1.0 and not more than	±0,05
Tungsten	Less than 1.0	±0,05
	1,0	±0,1
Vanadium	According to table.1	±0,02
Titan	The same	±0,02
Niobium	«	±0,02
Sulfur	«	+0,005
Phosphorus	«	+0,005

2.4. Hot rolled and forged steel pearlitic class produce thermally processed (annealed, tempered or normalized high tempering) or without heat treatment.

By agreement between the consumer and manufacturer of steel pearlitic class can be made after quenching with high vacation.

Hot rolled and forged steel martensitic class produce thermally processed (annealed, tempered or normalized high holidays).

Calibrated steel manufactures heat-treated or work-hardened (with the exception of steel grade 20KH3MVF).

2.5. The hardness of hot-rolled and forged annealed, tempered or normalized high holiday began, must conform to the standards specified in table.3.

Table 3

Steel grades		Indentation diameter, mm, not less	The number of hardness HB, no more
A new designation	The old designation
12KH1MF	12ХМФ	4,1	217
20KH1M1F1TR	ЭП182	4,0	229
20KH1M1F1BR	20ХМФБР, ЭП44	4,0	229
25KH1MF	ЭИ10	4,0	229
20KH3MVF	ЭИ415, ЭИ579	3.7 V	269
15H5	X5	4,1	217
12KH8VF	1Х8ВФ	4,1	217
12MKH	-	4,1	217
15X5M	H5M	4,1	217

Standards hardness of hot-rolled and forged heat-treated steel grade 18KH3MV, as well as calibrated and calibrated polished heat-treated or work-hardened steel are established by agreement between the consumer and manufacturer.

The hardness of calibrated heat treated steel 25KH1MF should be no more than 255 HB (indentation diameter not less than 3.8 mm).

2.6. On the surface of hot-rolled and forged bars intended for hot forming and cold drawing (subgroups a and b), local defects should be removed by gentle cutting or Stripping, the width of which shall not be less than five times the depth.

The cleaning depth of defects shall not exceed the following values:

8% of the size (diameter or thickness) — size St 140 to 200 mm;

5% of the size (diameter or thickness) for sizes over 40 to 140 mm;

the sum of limit deviations for sizes 40 mm or less.

The depth of Stripping defects is considered to be of the actual size.

On the surface of bars allowed without Stripping individual risks, the prints and Rabina within a half of the sum of limit deviations and volosovichi depth not to exceed ¼ of the sum of limit deviations.

By agreement between the consumer and manufacturer of round bars are manufactured with turned or peeled surface.

2.7. On the surface of hot-rolled and forged bars intended for cold mechanical processing (subgroup b), local defects are not allowed if their depth exceeds:

the sum of limit deviations for sizes up to 80 mm;

4% of the size (diameter or thickness) for sizes over 80 to 150 mm;

5% of the size (diameter or thickness) for sizes 150 mm. St

The depth of defect is calculated from the nominal size.

2.4−2.7. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.8. The surface quality of drawn steel shall conform to the requirements of GOST 1051−73 for group b, calibrated faceted for groups B and C.

2.9. Bars and strips should be trimmed evenly. When cutting on presses, shears and hammers are allowed under the crumpled ends and burrs.

At the request of the consumer burrs should be smoothed out.

2.10. Hot rolled, forged and calibrated steel, designed for precipitation, hot heading and forging, should be tested on sediment in the hot state.

In upset samples should be free of tears and cracks.

2.11. Mechanical properties of steel shall conform to the requirements specified in table.4.

Table 4

Steel grades		The recommended heat treatment				Mechanical properties
A new designation	The old designation	Tempering, normalization, annealing		Vacation or aging		Yield strength , N/mm(kgf/mm)	Temporary support tavlenie , H/mm(kgf/mm)	Take tive. - use , %	Take significant narrowing of the transverse river cross-section , %	The impact strength KCU. J/cm(kgf·m/cm)
		Heating temperature, °C	Environment cooling	Heating temperature, °C	Environment cooling	not less than
12MX	-	Normalization 910−930	The air	670−690	The air	235 (24)	410 (42)	21	45	59 (6)
12KH1MF	12ХМФ	Normalization 960−980	The air	700−750	The air	255 (26)	470 (48)	21	55	98 (10)
20KH1M1F1TR	ЭП182	Hardening 970−990	Oil	680−720	The air	665 (68)	780 (80)	15	50	59 (6)
20KH1M1F1BR	20ХМФБР	Option 1		680−720
	ЭП44	Hardening 970−990	Oil	Excerpt 6 hours	The air	665 (68)	780 (80)	14	50	59 (6)
		Option 2	The air	Speed vacation	The air
		Normalization 1030−105R		600/3h 700−720/6h		665 (68)	780 (80)	14	50	59 (6)
25KH1MF	ЭИ10	Hardening
		The first option 880−900	Oil	640−660	The air	735 (75)	880 (90)	14	50	59 (6)
		Option II 930−950	Oil	620−660	The air	665 (68)	780 (80)	16	50	59 (6)
18KH3MV	ЭИ578	Hardening 950−970	Oil	660−680	The air	440 (45)	640 (65)	18	-	118 (12)
20KH3MVF	ЭИ415 ЭИ579	Hardening 1030−1060	Oil	660−700	The air	735 (75)	880 (90)	12	40	59 (6)
15H5	X5	Annealing 840−860	With oven	-	-	165 (17)	390 (40)	24	50	98 (10)
15X5M	H5M	The same	The same	-	-	215 (22)	390 (40)	22	50	118 (12)
15KH5VF	Х5ВФ	«	«	-	-	215 (22)	390 (40)	22	50	118 (12)
12KH8VF	1Х8ВФ	«	«	-	-	165 (17)	390 (40)	22	50	98 (10)

Notes:

1. Norms of mechanical properties are samples taken from bars with diameter or thickness up to 90 mm inclusive. When testing bars with diameter or thickness greater than 90 to 150 mm is allowed to decrease elongation in 2 abs.%, the relative narrowing to 5 abs.%, and toughness for 10 Rel.% in comparison with the standards specified in table.4 For bars with diameter or thickness of 151 mm and above allowed to decrease elongation for 3 abs.%, the relative narrowing to 10 abs.% and toughness at 15 Rel.%. Norms of mechanical properties of rods of diameter or thickness more than 90 mm, perinatalnyj or turned into a circle or square the size of 90 mm shall meet the requirements of table.4.

2. The option of heat treatment and mechanical properties (1 or 2) for steel 25KH1MF specified in the order.

3. Impact strength is determined according to the requirement of the user.

4. Steel brand 20KH1M1F1BR (ЭП44) is processed according to the mode of heat treatment, option 1.

In the case of unsatisfactory properties of the metal by heat treatment option 1 was allowed until January 1, 1987 to accept a metal-to treatment option 2.


Steel in the highest quality category is limited to ultimate strength: the minimum value must correspond to the values indicated in table.4, and the maximum should not be more than the minimum at 196 H/mm(20 kgf/mm).

For steel 12KH1MF the highest quality temporary tear resistance set in the range 470−640 H/mm(48−65 kg/mm) and yield strength not less than 275 H/mm(28 kgf/mm).

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

2.12. Macrostructure of steel shall conform to the requirements specified in table.5.

Table 5

The method of steelmaking	Macrostructure in points, not more
	Central porosity	Point heterogeneity	Exudation square	Common spotted liquation
Open smelting	2	2	2	2
Method of electroslag remelting	1	1	1	1

Notes:

1. In the steel obtained by electroslag remelting, allowed layer-by-layer crystallization and the light circuit is not more than 3 points according to GOST 10243−75.

2. (Deleted, Rev. N 1).


The macrostructure should not have shrinkage, podsadecki segregation, rychlosti, gas cavities, cracks, placenow, inclusions, inversion of the crust, visible without magnifying instruments.

2.13. On demand of the consumer steel produce:

a) etched surface;

b) tapered limits on the carbon content of vs specified in table.1;

C) with a normalized purity steel, intended for the manufacture of fasteners, foloowing detected on the surface of parts at the customer magnetic method, in accordance with the requirements of table.6.

Table 6

The total area controlled surface finish on the component, cm	The number of wooloowin, PCs, no more		The maximum length of wooloowin, mm, not more	The total length of wooloowin, mm, not more
	The open metal smelting	Metal of electroslag remelting		The open metal smelting	Metal of electroslag remelting
Up to 50	2	1	3	5	3
SV. 50 to 100	3	2	3	8	5
«100» 200	4	2	4	10	6
«200» 300	8	4	5	20	10
«300» 400	8	4	5	20	10
«400» 600	10	5	6	40	24
«600» 800	10	5	6	40	24
«800» 1000	12	6	7	50	30

Notes:

1. For every subsequent 200 cmcontrolled surface finished parts, the area of which exceeds 1000 cm, additionally allowed no more than one volosovichi length no more than specified for the area of 1000 cm, with a corresponding increase in the total length of wooloowin.

2. (Deleted, Rev. N 1).

d) with a normalized characteristic long-term strength of not less than 343 N/mm(35 kgf/mm) at a temperature of 550 °C for steel grade 20KH3MVF;

d) with a normalized grain size, which should be no larger than the number 5 according to GOST 5639−82;

e) control on the contamination of non-metallic inclusions for steel intended for the manufacture of fasteners;

g) and controlling the internal defects of metal using ultrasonic inspection (UT);

b) with control of mechanical properties determined on the samples taken from the heat treated blanks specified in the order size, but not more than 100 mm.

Note. The requirements of subparagraph a, the norm when testing steel sub-paragraphs e, W and s, as well as methods to control the purity of steel on the contamination of volosovichi and ultrasonic testing (subgroup in a and W) are established by appropriate documentation, duly approved, or by agreement between the consumer and the manufacturer.


(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

2.14. Recommendations for use, the estimated operating temperature and uptime, as well as background characteristics of creep and long-term heat resistance of steel is given in Annex 1 and Annex 2.

3. ACCEPTANCE RULES

3.1. Re-acceptance rules — according to GOST 7566−94.

3.2. Bars, strips and coils produced by the parties consisting of one steel smelting, one size and one mode of heat treatment (as delivered in heat treated condition) and issued a single document on quality according to GOST 7566−94.

Note. By agreement between the consumer and the manufacturer sets the minimum weight of rods, strips and coils of one party.

3.3. To check the quality of steel from the party taken:

a) to check the surface quality all bars, strips or coils;

b) to test the hardness of not more than 5% but not less than five rods, strips or skeins;

in) for tests on sediment — three rod, strip or coil;

d) for tensile tests, impact strength, long durability — two of rod, strip or coil;

d) for the determination of grain size — one sample from melting ladle;

e) to control the macrostructure — two bar, strip, coil;

g) to determine non-metallic inclusions in the six rods, strips or skeins;

s) for the chemical analysis of the sample according to GOST 7565−81.

3.1.-3.3. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. From each of the control rod, strip or coil select one sample for testing the hardness, sediment, tensile, and impact strength, to determine the grain size, long-term strength, macrostructure and non-metallic inclusions.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

4.2. Chemical analysis carried out according to GOST 28473−90, 12344−2003 GOST, GOST 12345−2001, 12346−78 GOST, GOST 12347−77, 12348−78 GOST, GOST 12349−83, 12350−78 GOST, GOST 12351−2003, 12352−81 GOST, GOST 12354−81, 12355−78 GOST, GOST 12356−81, GOST 12361−2002 or other methods providing the required accuracy.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.3. Brinell hardness number is determined according to GOST 9012−59.

4.4. The surface quality test without the use of magnifying devices.

If necessary, a bleaching or etching of the surface.

4.5. Sampling for tests on sediment bars less than 80 mm is carried out according to GOST 7564−97.

4.6. Testing on sediment is carried out according to GOST 8817−82.

Samples heated to forging temperature and upset to its original height.

4.7. Sampling to determine the mechanical properties and long-term strength is carried out according to GOST 7564−97 (1 variant).

For profiles size (diameter or thickness) more than 25 mm size cross section of the workpiece subjected to heat treatment, should be 20−25 mm, profile size 25 mm or less — in the supplied profile.

Note. For bars and strips of a size (diameter or thickness) more than 90 mm samples for mechanical testing (including long-term strength) is allowed to cut out reforged or perinatalnyj round or square billets with a size of 90 mm.

Samples for testing the mechanical properties of claim 2.13 «z» — according to GOST 7564−97 (option 2).

4.8. Test of mechanical properties and long-term strength at high temperatures is carried out on longitudinal specimens cut from billets, heat treated in the regime given in tab.4.

4.9. The tensile test is carried out according to GOST 1497−84 at a temperature of (+20) °C on samples five times the length of a diameter of 5 or 10 mm. allowed to use non-destructive methods of control according to the agreed procedure.

Test for impact strength is carried out according to GOST 9454−78 the samples of a type 1.

4.10. Test long-term strength at high temperatures is carried out according to GOST 10145−81.

4.11. Control of macrostructure is performed on the etched transverse templeto according to GOST 10243−75.

Allowed to apply ultrasonic testing according to the method of the manufacturer and other non-destructive methods of control.

4.12. Determination of the grain is carried out according to GOST 5639−82 method of oxidation or carburizing.

4.13. The definition of non-metallic inclusions is carried out according to GOST 1778−70 (by SH1 or Ш4).

4.14. Steel melting one, the last test of the macrostructure and mechanical properties (including long-term strength) in large sections of rolled products, when delivered in smaller profiles listed trials, it is allowed not to.

5. MARKING, PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

5.1. Marking, packaging, transportation and storage — by GOST 7566−94.

Packing calibrated steel GOST 1051−73.

5.2. Steel products are transported by rail on platforms and in cars. The sending — carload and small.

Sec. 5. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

ANNEX 1 (recommended). Recommendations on application of steel

ANNEX 1
Recommended

Steel grades		Appointment	Recommended when the wind blows, the temperature of application	Term work	The temperature of the filament intense akaline- education, °C
A new designation	The old designation
12MKH	-	Tubes of the superheaters, pipelines and collector installations high-pressure, forgings for steam boilers and steam pipes, parts of cylinders of gas turbines	510	Very long	570
12KH1MF	12ХМФ	The same	570−585	The same	600
20KH1M1F1TR	ЭИ182	Fasteners turbines and flange connections, steam lines and equipment	500−580	-	-
20KH1M1F1BR	20ХМФБР, ЭП44	The same	500−580	-	-
25KH1MF	ЭИ10	Bolts, flat springs, studs and other fasteners	510	Very long	600
18KH3MV	ЭИ578	Pipe for hydrogenation plants	450−500	Long	600
20KH3MVF	ЭИ415, ЭИ579	The rotors, discs, forgings, bolts. High pressure pipe for chemical apparatus, and hydrogenation plants	500−560	Long	600
15H5	X5	Pipe, pump parts, blades of turbomachines, boilers pendants	600	-	650
15X5M, 15KH5VF	H5M, Х5ВФ	For housings and internal components of the apparatus and refineries and cracking of pipes, pump parts, valves, fasteners	600	Very long	650
12KH8VF	1Х8ВФ	Tube furnaces, apparatus and communications refineries	500	Long	650

Note. Under a long period of work probation understand the service parts from 1000 to 10,000 hours (in some cases up to 20,000 hours), very long life — time considerably more than 10,000 hours (typically from 50,000 to 100,000 hours).

ANNEX 2 (informative). Characteristics of creep and long-term heat resistance of alloyed and high-alloyed steel used for long service life under stress

ANNEX 2
Reference

Steel grades		The recommended heat treatment				Tempe temperatures test- Tania, °C	Long-term strength (non-destructive voltage), N/mm(kgf/mm), during h		The creep strength corresponding to 1% of the total deformation, N/mm(kgf/mm), during h
A new designation	Old notation- increase	Annealing (normalizing)		Leave (aging)			10000	100000	10000	100000
		Tempe temperature of heating, °C	The environment is cool Denia	Tempe temperature of heating, ° C	The environment is cool Denia		Not less than
12MKH	-	920	The air	680−690	The air	480 510 540	245 (25,0) 157 (16,0) 108 (11,0)	196 (20,0) 118 (12,0) 69 (7,0)	216 (22,0) - -	147 (15,0) 69 (7,0) 34 (3,5)
12KH1MF	12ХМФ	960−980	The air	740−760	The air	520 560 580	196 (20,0) 137 (14,0) 118 (12,0)	157 (16,0) 106 (10.8 V) 88−98 (9,0−10,0)	177 (18,0) 116 (11,8) 88 (9,0)	127 (13,0) 82 (8,4) 61 (6,2)
25KH1MF	ЭИ10	880−900	Oil	640−660	Water	500	255−284 (26,0−29,0)	-	-	78 (8,0)
						550	98−147 (10.0 to 15.0)	-	88 (9,0)	29 (3,0)
20KH1M1F1TR	ЭП182	970−990	Oil	680−720	The air	450 500 540	471 (48) 382 (39) 324 (33)	441 (45) 324 (33) 275 (28)	- - -	- - -
20KH1M1F1TR	ЭП182	970−990	Oil	680−720	The air	565 580	284 (29) 265 (27)	245 (25) 196 (20)	- -	- -
20KH1M1F1BR	ЭП44	970−990	Oil	680−720 exposure 6 h	The air	450 500 525	481 (40) 343 (33) 304 (31)	392 (40) 294 (30) 260 (26,5)	- - -	- - -
20KH1M1F1BR	ЭП44	970−990	Oil	680−720 exposure 6 h	The air	550 565 580	270 (27,5) 255 (26) 235 (24)	230 (23,5) 216 (22) 196 (20)	- - -	- - -
18KH3MV	ЭИ578	890−910	Oil	660−680	The air	450 500 550	- - -	- - -	226 (23,0) 118 (12,0) 74 (7,5)	157 (16,0) - -
20KH3MVF	ЭИ415 ЭИ579	1030−1080	Oil	660−700	The air	500 550 580	333 (34,0) 196 (20,0) 137 (14,0)	294 (30,0) 157 (16,0) 98 (10,0)	177 (18,0) 127 (13,0) -	147 (15,0) 98 (10,0) 49 (5,0)
15X5M	H5M	950−980	The air	840−880	The air	480 540	177 (18,0) 98 (10,0)	147 (15,0) 74 (7,5)	103 (10,5) 65 (6,5)	69 (7,0) 39 (4,0)
15KH5VF	Х5ВФ	-	-	Annealing 850−870	With oven to 700 °C	500 550 600	118 (12,0) 87 (8,9) 64 (6,5)	90 (9,2) 69 (7,0) 51 (5,2)	83 (8,5) 49 (5,0) 37 (3,8)	59 (6,0) 37 (3,8) 27 (2.8 m)

Note. The sign «-" in the graphs indicates a lack of statistical data.

APPENDIX 2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 2).