GOST R 51753-2001
GOST R 51753−2001 high pressure Cylinders for compressed natural gas used as motor fuel for automotive vehicles. General specifications
GOST R 51753−2001
Group В66, Д24*
__________________________________________
* In the index «National standards» in 2007.
group В66. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
HIGH PRESSURE CYLINDERS FOR COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
USED AS A MOTOR FUEL
ON AUTOMOBILE VEHICLES
General specifications
High pressure cylinders for the compressed natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles.
General specifications
OKS 43.020
GST 14 1200
14 1300
22 9652
45 9137
Date of introduction 2002−01−01*
___________________________
* Date of introduction for cylinders
put into production before 01.01.2002,
installed 01.01.2004.
Preface
1 DEVELOPED «Orgenergogaz» JSC «Gazprom», JSC «Technomash», ZAO NPP «Mashtest», FSUE «NAMI"
SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC N 56 «Road transport», Department on gasification and use of gas of OAO «Gazprom"
2 ADOPTED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Resolution of Gosstandart of Russia dated 29 may 2001 N 217-St
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
1 Scope
This standard applies to cylinders with a capacity from 20 to 500 liters, designed for a working pressure of not more than 40.0 MPa, mounted on an automotive vehicle for the transportation, storage and use as a motor fuel compressed natural gas according to GOST 27577.
Standard applies to containers:
— seamless steel (type 1);
— consisting of a metal liner and shell of a composite material on the cylindrical surface of liner (type 2);
— consisting of a metal liner and shell of a composite material on all surface of liner (type 3);
— consisting of non-metallic liner, a shell of composite material on the entire surface of the liner and metallic embedded elements (type 4).
The standard does not apply to cylinders:
— metal welded;
— all-metal, aluminum alloy;
— metal of corrosion-resistant steels;
— with the liner of corrosion-resistant steels.
All standard requirements are mandatory.
2 Normative references
The present standard features references to the following standards:
GOST 9.019−74 (ISO 9591−89) a unified system of protection from corrosion and ageing. Alloys of aluminum and magnesium. Methods of accelerated tests for stress corrosion cracking
GOST 9.021−74 unified system of protection from corrosion and ageing. Aluminum and aluminum alloys. The accelerated test methods for intercrystalline corrosion
GOST 4784−97 Aluminum and aluminum deformable alloys. Brand
GOST 6611.2−73 (ISO 2062−72, ISO 6939−88) Filament textile. Methods of determination of breaking load and elongation at break
GOST 6943.10−79 Materials textile glass. The method of determining the breaking load and elongation at break
GOST 6996−66 Welded joints. Methods for determining the mechanical properties
GOST 9012−59 (ISO 410−82, ISO 6506−81) Metals. Method of measuring hardness Brinell hardness
GOST 9150−81* Basic norms of interchangeability. Metric thread. Profile
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 9150−2002. Here and further. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
GOST 9454−78 Metals. Test method for impact strength at low, room and elevated temperatures
GOST 9731−79 seamless steel Cylinders large volume for the gas is 24.5 MPa (250 kgf/cm). Specifications
GOST 9909−81 Basic norms of interchangeability. The threaded valves and cylinders for gases
GOST 10006−80 (ISO 6892−84) of the Pipe metal. Test method tensile
GOST 11262−80 Plastics. Test method tensile
GOST 12247−80 seamless steel Cylinders large volume for gases at 31,4 and 39,2 MPa (320 and 400 kgf/cm). Specifications
GOST 14249−89 Vessels and equipment. Norms and methods of strength calculation
GOST 17410−78 nondestructive testing. The seamless cylindrical metal pipe. Methods of ultrasonic flaw detection
GOST 21553−76 Plastic. The method of determining the melting temperature of
GOST 24297−87 Input control products. The main provisions of the
GOST 24705−81* Basic norms of interchangeability. Metric thread. Basic dimensions
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 24705−2004. Here and further. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
GOST 27577−87* compressed natural Gas fuel for LPG vehicles. Specifications
______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 27577−2000. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
GOST 30432−96 Pipe metal. Methods of sampling, blanks and samples for mechanical and technological tests
GOST R 15.201−2000 System of development and production statement on manufacture. Production of industrial-technical purpose. The procedure for the development and production statement on manufacture
GOST R 50599−93 Vessels and apparatus welded steel high pressure. Nondestructive testing in the manufacture and operation of
3 Definitions
In this standard use the following terms with respective definitions:
3.1 autofrettage: process step of loading the cylinder with a metal liner pressure, which after removing the pressure in the liner creates compressive, and sheath of composite material tensile stresses.
3.2 reinforcement: Continuous fibers, perceiving the main load in the composite material.
3.3 cylinder: a Hermetic container, having one or two threaded holes for installation of valves, are designed for transportation, storage and use of compressed gas.
3.4 explosion: the Piecemeal destruction of the container under loading pressure.
3.5 capacity: the Volume of the internal space of the cylinder defined by the geometric dimensions.
3.6 gas permeability: the Penetration of gas through the wall of the cylinder due to material properties.
3.7 integrity: a property of the container to pass gas or liquid through the walls and connect to the valves.
3.8 neckline: Constructive element of the container opening having a thread for connection of valves.
3.9 test pressure: Hydraulic pressure at which the container is tested for durability.
3.10 working pressure: the Maximum pressure in the gas tank at a temperature of 20 °C.
3.11 burst pressure: the Maximum pressure attained in the test cylinder or liner to failure.
3.12 the design burst pressure: the burst Pressure of the container or liner that is set by the developer.
3.13 composite material (composite): Material consisting of continuous fibers and a polymeric binder.
3.14 leiner: Internal sealing sheath of the balloon, which can carry part of the load.
3.15 inspection: Periodic inspection of cylinders being in operation.
3.16 batch: Group of cylinders having the same dimensions, made by a single design-technological documentation on the same process equipment, metal one smelting, non-metallic materials of one brand and one mode of heat treatment.
3.17 the destruction of the cylinder: the loss of the container’s ability to withstand internal pressure.
3.18 binder: Polymeric material, which provides the solidity of the composite and the load transfer between the fibers.
3.19 service life design: the Duration of operation of the cylinder, calculated from the date of manufacture (date of acceptance by the technical control service).
4 General technical requirements
4.1 Characteristics
4.1.1 design requirements
4.1.1.1 Design of cylinders shall meet the requirements [1] and to ensure operability under static and cyclic loading pressure.
Type of climatic performance of cylinders — U2 by GOST 15150. The ambient temperature at operation is from minus 45 to plus 65 °C.
4.1.1.2 Stress-strain state of the container must be designed for walls with a minimum thickness. Voltage needs to be calculated for zero, working, test and design pressure of the destruction.
Cylinders types 2 and 3 can have a pre-tense construction, the resulting autofrettage. Autofrettage should be carried out before testing of cylinders test pressure.
4.1.1.3 Form of the bottoms of cylinders types 1 and 2 must meet the requirements of 2.3 [1] and GOST 14249. Not allowed the formation of a deaf bottoms when using billets of aluminum alloys.
The shape of the bottoms of cylinders types 3 and 4 is determined by the developer. Bottoms of cylinders type 4 can be performed with the use of embedded elements.
4.1.1.4 Cylinders may have one or two necks located at the bottoms. In the formation of the neck welding of metal are not allowed.
Of a mouth of cylinders type 4 is performed by using metal embedded elements.
4.1.1.5 Thread should be made in the metal element of the cylinder. The axis of the threaded hole shall coincide with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
Cylinders and steel cylinders with steel lanarama or embedded parts should have an internal conical thread W27,8 according to GOST 9909.
For cylinders and steel cylinders with steel lanarama or embedded parts with a capacity of 80 liters or more allowed internal thread in accordance with GOST and GOST 9731 12247.
Thread lanero and embedded elements of aluminum alloys must be metric according to GOST 9150 and GOST 24705.
Shear stress in a metric thread test pressure should not exceed 25% of the temporary resistance of the material of the thread cut.
The thread should be cut cleanly, without fractures.
4.1.1.6 Welded connection Laneros cylinders types 2 and 3 must meet the requirements of 2.4, 4.3, 4.5 [1].
He allowed the use of longitudinal welds, and the remaining linings.
For cylinders type 1 allowed the use of welding, only welding the bottoms or plugs-goujon.
Applied technology welding must be certified in accordance with the requirements [2].
4.1.1.7 Cylinders of type 1 and the metal bottoms of cylinders type 2 must be colored red.
A shell of composite material and metal fitting pieces, with anti-corrosion coating shall be allowed to paint.
To protect the shell from composite material against external influences can be used a protective coating.
4.2 Requirements for materials
4.2.1 All materials used in the manufacture of the container, must be compatible and have quality certificates issued by manufacturers of the materials. The manufacturer of the cylinders shall conduct incoming inspection of materials and semi-finished products according to GOST 24297.
Do not use materials with expired shelf life.
4.2.2 Steel
4.2.2.1 For the manufacture of cylinders and lanero used steel grades given in [1] (Annex 5, table 9) or permissible by special resolution of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.
4.2.2.2 recommended sulphur and phosphorus contents in the steels are given in table 1.
Table 1
| The upper value of the range of temporary resistance, MPa | Content, %, not more | ||
| sulfur |
phosphorus |
total | |
| To 950 incl. |
0,020 |
0,020 |
0,030 |
| SV. 950 |
0,010 |
0,020 |
0,025 |
4.2.2.3 Steel cylinders and lanery subjected to quenching and tempering, or normalizing, in accordance with [1] (Annex 5, table 9). Local heat treatment not allowed.
4.2.2.4 hardness Values, measured at 7.6, as well as the strength characteristics of the base metal and welded joints specified in 7.1, shall conform to the requirements of design and technological documentation.
The elongation of the base metal specified in 7.1, shall not be less than 14%.
The toughness of the base metal defined by 7.2 at a temperature of minus 50 °C, shall be not less than the values given in table 2.
Table 2
| Sample thickness, mm |
Impact strength, j/cm | |
| a separate sample |
the average of three samples | |
| 2.0−5.0 incl. |
24 |
30 |
| SV. 5,0 «7,5 « |
28 |
35 |
| «To 7.5» 10,0 « |
32 |
40 |
The toughness of the welded joint must meet the requirements of table 8 [1].
The bending angle of the welded joint when tested in static bending according to 7.1 have to meet the requirements of table 7 [1].
4.2.2.5 Test for resistance to stress corrosion cracking in the environment of hydrogen sulfide in 7.3 should be only of steel, the upper value of the range of strength exceeding 950 MPa.
4.2.3 Aluminum alloys
4.2.3.1 For the manufacture of elements of cylinders shall be used aluminum alloys, tested for resistance to stress corrosion cracking under tension at 7.4 and to intergranular corrosion at 7.5.
4.2.3.2 Chemical composition of aluminum alloys must meet the requirements of GOST 4784. The content of lead and bismuth in alloys should not exceed 0,03%.
4.2.3.3 Elements of cylinders from aluminum alloys shall be subjected to quenching and artificial aging according to mode, which provides the highest resistance to stress corrosion and fracture toughness.
Local heat treatment not allowed.
4.2.3.4 hardness Values, measured at 7.6, as well as the strength characteristics of the base metal and welded joints specified in 7.1, shall conform to the requirements of design and technological documentation.
The elongation of the base metal specified in 7.1, shall not be less than 12%.
For cylinders with welded liner in conducting a technology preview on the bend at 7.1 on the surface of samples cut from the welded joints is not allowed the formation of cracks during the application of load with external and internal sides of the weld.
4.2.4 Composite material
4.2.4.1 Composite material for cylinders types 2−4 is formed by winding the liner or technological mandrel a reinforcing material impregnated with a binder, followed by heat treatment (polymerization).
Winding should be carried out at a controlled tension on the reinforcing material.
4.2.4.2 as a binder can be used thermoplastic or reactoplastics polymeric materials.
Temperature curing (polymerization) of the binder used for the manufacture of cylinders type 4, must be below the softening temperature of the non-metallic material of the liner is at least 10 °C.
4.2.4.3 as reinforcing material to be used is a continuous glass, aramid or carbon fibers. The composite material may consist of fibers of two or more types of the above (hybrid composite).
The strength of the reinforcing material in the gap must meet the requirements of design and technological documentation.
4.2.5 Material non-metallic liner
The non-metallic liner material when tested at 7.7 should not have brittle fracture at a temperature of minus 50 °C.
The softening temperature of the material, defined in 7.8, shall be not lower than 100 °C.
4.3 Marking
4.3.1 On the container shall be marked with the following data
— trademark of the manufacturer;
— the designation of the container;
the cylinder number and the batch number of cylinders;
— the date (month and year) of manufacture and first examination;
— operating pressure () and test pressure (
) megapascal;
— tank capacity in litres*;
— weight of container in kilograms*.
________________
* Indicate the actual values of mass and capacity for cylinders up to 55 l inclusive; nominal capacity values and the actual values of the mass with an accuracy of 0.3 kg for cylinders with a capacity in excess of 55 to 80 l, inclusive, with a precision of 1 kg for containers with a capacity exceeding 80 l
4.3.2 the letters in the marking must be at least 6 mm and 8 mm for cylinders up to 55 more than 55 and l, respectively. The length of the lines marking should be not less than the circumference of the cylinder.
4.3.3 cylinder type 1 marking applied by impact printing on the bottom of the neck.
Marking of cylinders types 2−4 unstressed applied on a cylindrical surface. Cylinder number, batch number and year of manufacture must be duplicated by impact printing on the metal portion of the cylinder.
Cylinder type 2 with a bottom thickness greater than 5 mm are allowed to affix percussive way on the bottom of the neck.
4.3.4 On the cylindrical part of a cylinder should be applied using a flat printing the following labels (the font height of not less than 25 mm):
— NATURAL GAS
— «Do NOT USE AFTER… (month and year of manufacturing plus service life)"
«USE ONLY SAFETY DEVICE"
5 safety Requirements
5.1 Each container shall be tested to hydraulic test pressure not less than 1.5 (
working pressure).
When test cylinders types 1−3 7.10 residual volumetric strain should not exceed 5% of the total volumetric strain of test pressure.
For cylinders type 4 allowable value of the volumetric strain test pressure shall be appointed by the developer.
5.2 the Calculated burst pressure cylinders of all types shall be not less than 2.6 .
The design pressure of the destruction of lanero cylinders type 2 should be not less than 1.3(
working pressure).
Burst pressure specified in 7.12, shall not be less than the design pressure of the destruction.
The destruction of the cylinders must not be accompanied by separation of fragments of metal or structural members.
The destruction of lanero cylinders type 2 should have the character of longitudinal cracks. The separation of fragments of metal are not allowed.
5.3 Resource cyclic durability define the rate of at least 1,000 pressure cycles per year of design life (
is design life in years).
When tested in cyclic durability at 7.13, the cylinder shall withstand at least 1000 cycles of loading pressure, and then allowed the destruction in the form of a crack, followed by a leak.
Cylinders of types 2−4 should withstand tests on the fatigue life at 7.14 at temperatures of minus 45 and plus 65 °C.
Cylinders type 4 must also withstand cyclic testing of natural gas at 7.22.
5.4 the Estimated service life of the cylinders is determined by the developer and shall not exceed 20 years.
5.5 type 4 Cylinders, and the cylinders of other types, obtained from a tube blank with a welded joint and/or deaf bottoms should be tight when tested according to 7.11 pneumatic pressure equal .
5.6 Permeability natural gas cylinders type 4 when tested at 7.21 should be no more than 0.25 cm/h for each liter of capacity of the cylinder.
5.7 Cylinders with welded liner when testing for cyclic durability at 7.13 and 7.14 shall not have leaks at the weld joint.
5.8 Cylinders type 4 with a metal embedded parts shall withstand a test curl at 7.23.
5.9 Cylinders exposed to flames at 7.15 should not explode. When testing at 7.15 gas cylinder shall vent through a pressure relief device.
5.10 Getting a bullet in the cylinders under working pressure, when tested at 7.16 should not lead to an explosion.
5.11 Cylinders types 2−4 after the collision with the concrete surface when tested at 7.19 must be able to withstand 3,000 cycles of pressure at 7.13.
5.12 Cylinders types 2−4 after aging at 65 °C and a pressure of 1.3 for 1000 hours when tested at 7.18 shall have a design pressure of not less than 85% of the design pressure of the destruction.
5.13 Cylinders types 2−4 after exposure to the acid on their outer surface when tested at 7.20 shall have a design pressure of not less than 85% of the design pressure of the destruction.
5.14 Cylinders 2−4 types with defects on the surface of the shell of a composite material according 7.17 must be able to withstand at least 3,000 cycles of pressure during the test 7.13.
6 acceptance Rules
6.1 Acceptance tests
6.1.1 the Tests are carried out to address the question of whether the production of cylinders of a new design in accordance with GOST R 15.201.
Acceptance tests should be conducted by an independent competent organization.
6.1.2 For acceptance testing of permitted cylinders are made within a single experimental batch. The list of acceptance tests of the materials used for the manufacture of cylinders, are shown in table 3, the list of acceptance test cylinders are given in table 4.
Table 3 — Acceptance tests of materials
| Test name |
Material | |||
| Steel |
Aluminium |
Fiber |
The material is non-metallic liner | |
| Test method | ||||
| Determination of mechanical properties |
7.1 |
7.1 |
7.9 |
7.7 |
| Impact test bend |
7.2 |
- |
- |
- |
| The test for resistance to stress corrosion cracking in the environment of hydrogen sulfide* |
7.3 |
- |
- |
- |
| Test for stress corrosion cracking under tension |
- |
7.4 |
- |
- |
| Test of intercrystalline corrosion |
- |
7.5 |
- |
- |
| Determination of the softening temperature** |
- |
- |
- |
7.8 |
| * Test applies only to steel with a tensile tensile strength exceeding 950 MPa. ** Test applies only to thermoplastic materials. | ||||
Table 4 — Acceptance testing of cylinders
| Test name |
Test method | The number of cylinders | The type of container | |||
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 | |||
| Determination of the pressure rupturing the cylinder |
7.12 |
3 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Detecting the pressure of the destruction of the liner |
7.12 |
1 |
X |
X |
||
| Test cyclic durability |
7.13 |
3 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Test cyclic durability under extreme temperatures |
7.14 |
1 |
X |
X |
X | |
| The test exposed to flame |
7.15 |
2 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Test cross |
7.16 |
1 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Test of resistance to defects on the shell of composite material |
7.17 |
1 |
X |
X |
X | |
| Test for long loads |
7.18 |
1 |
X |
X |
X | |
| Test for resistance to impact |
7.19 |
1 |
X |
X |
X | |
| Test for resistance to acids |
7.20 |
1 |
X |
X |
X | |
| Test for permeability |
7.21 |
1 |
X | |||
| Test on fatigue life of natural gas |
7.22 |
1 |
X | |||
| Torsion testing |
7.23 |
1 |
X | |||
| Note — the X indicates that the test is carried out. | ||||||
6.1.3 When changes in the approved documentation should be conducting the tests listed in table 5. Make changes and bring in the prescribed manner.
Table 5 — Tests for design change
| Change |
Test method | |||||||||
| 7.12 |
7.13 |
7.15 |
7.16 |
7.17 |
7.18 |
7.19 |
7.20 |
7.21, 7.22 |
7.23 | |
| The material of the metal container or liner |
X |
X |
X |
X* |
||||||
| The material is non-metallic liner |
X |
X |
X | |||||||
| Reinforcing material |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
||||
| Material binder |
X |
X |
||||||||
| Diameter: |
||||||||||
| up to 20% |
X |
X |
||||||||
| over 20% |
X |
X |
X |
|||||||
| Length: |
||||||||||
| up to 50% |
X |
|||||||||
| over 50% |
X |
X |
X** |
|||||||
| Working pressure (20%) |
X |
X |
||||||||
| The shape of the bottom, the design of the laying element |
X |
X* |
X | |||||||
| The type or material of the outer coating |
X |
|||||||||
| The parameters of technological process |
X |
X |
||||||||
| * Except for the cylinders of type 1. ** Test carried out in the case of increasing the length of the cylinder. Note — the X indicates that the test is performed. | ||||||||||
6.2 Acceptance tests
6.2.1 Cylinders take parties. The number of cylinders in the batch shall not be more than 200 PCs (excluding cylinders for destructive testing).
Acceptance tests include testing and control of each cylinder, as well as sample test cylinders of each batch.
6.2.2 Each container in the batch should be:
— control of surface defects of the base metal of the cylinders of type 1 and lanero cylinders types 2 and 3 by the method of ultrasonic flaw detection according to GOST 17410;
— inspection of welded joints according to GOST R 50599;
— definition of wall thickness, dimensions, mass, and capacity of cylinders;
— quality control of inner and outer surfaces, threads, and marking;
— hardness measurement of cylinders or Laneros at 7.6;
the strength test the test pressure at 7.10;
— test of tightness of cylinders, type 4 cylinders with welded liner at 7.11.
Cylinders type 1, and also cylinders with seamless lanarama types 2 and 3 are leak tested only in the case of manufacture of billets and/or delivery Assembly with a valve.
Allowed the use of other NDT methods by agreement with the Gosgortechnadzor of Russia. The size of defects allowed is determined by the developer.
6.2.3 each party select two containers to test to failure and cyclic durability. Testing to failure is subjected to a one liner from a batch types 2 and 3.
For cutting specimens for mechanical testing taken from one liner batch types 2, 3 and one cylinder from the batch type 1.
The list of tests of cylinders of each type are given in table 6.
Table 6
| Test name |
Test method | The type of container | |||
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 | ||
| Determination of the mechanical properties of metals |
7.1 |
X |
X |
X |
|
| Testing of steels in impact strength |
7.2 |
X |
|||
| Determination of mechanical properties of non-metallic liner |
7.7 |
X | |||
| Determination of the pressure rupturing the cylinder |
7.12 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Detecting the pressure of the destruction of the liner |
7.12 |
X |
X |
||
| Test cylinder in a cyclic durability |
7.13 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
| Note — the X indicates that the test is performed. | |||||
6.2.4 the Original documents with the results of the testing and control of materials and cylinders shall be kept by the manufacturer during the design life of the cylinder.
Each container shall be issued a passport in the form of Annex A.
6.2.5 In case of unsatisfactory results of the inspection and testing because of equipment malfunction or measurement error, a second test on the same cylinder or the liner. If the results of re-testing and monitoring are satisfactory, the initial results do not take into account.
If the cause for unsatisfactory results is the heat treatment, the manufacturer may subject all the cylinders are re-heat treated. For steels are allowed two re-heat treatment for aluminum alloys, one. Operation vacation re-heat treatment is not
In other cases, all the identified defective cylinders shall be rejected or sent back for revision. Sent back for revision, the cylinders shall be considered as a new party that needs to be checked again. If the results of the testing and control of the party after the improvements are unsatisfactory, all cylinders of this batch shall be rejected and destroyed.
Defects outer coating is allowed to repair it.
7 test Methods
7.1 determination of the mechanical properties of metals
Mechanical properties of metals tensile is determined according to GOST 10006 on samples cut from the cylindrical part of cylinders or lanero, subjected to heat treatment.
Mechanical properties of welded joints is determined according to GOST 6996.
Welded joints on the static bending test according GOST 6996.
The material of the cylinder/liner with a capacity of 80 liters or more is allowed to check on witness-samples selected from the same heat of the metal, subjected to heat treatment in conjunction with these cylinders/lanarama.
7.2 Testing of steels in impact strength
Steel the impact strength test according to GOST 9454 at a temperature of minus 50 °C of the three samples with the hub view V. the Samples cut from the cylindrical part of cylinders or Laneros in the transverse direction (see figure B. 4 GOST 30432).
The lateral sample surface coinciding with the outer and inner surfaces of the cylinder or liner shall not be machined and/or edit. The incision should be perpendicular to the outer surface of the cylinder.
The welded connection is checked by the same method, on samples cut perpendicularly to the weld joint according to GOST 6996.
The material of the cylinder/liner with a capacity of 80 liters or more is allowed to check on witness-samples selected from the same melting metal, subjected to heat treatment in conjunction with these cylinders/lanarama.
7.3 Testing of steels for resistance to stress corrosion cracking in the environment of hydrogen sulfide
The test is conducted by the method of [4].
Samples for testing must have a cylindrical shape and the diameter of the working part of 3.81 mm.
In the case where the thickness of the wall of the cylinder or liner is insufficient for the manufacture of samples of the specified size, allowed the use of specimens with the diameter of the working part is 2.54 mm.
The number of samples for testing shall not be less than three.
Billet samples cut from the cylindrical part of the cylinder or liner. From the weld joint of the workpiece is cut in a direction perpendicular to the weld seam, so that the working part of the sample included all zones of the welded joint.
In samples with a diameter of 3.81 and 2.54 mm should be created by a tensile stress of 60 and 20% respectively of the minimum yield point of steel.
Samples with a diameter of 3.81 and 2.54 mm needs to be maintained in the environment of hydrogen sulfide 144 and 720 h, respectively.
Steel is considered resistant to stress corrosion cracking if all the samples survived the test without breaking.
7.4 Testing of aluminum alloys for resistance to stress corrosion cracking under tension
The test is carried out according to GOST 9.019.
From the cylindrical part of the liner is cut with a six ring blanks for the manufacture of samples. The width of the billet should be equal to the larger of the two values: 25 mm or four wall thickness of the liner. Of the annular blank cut out a sector with Central angle of about 60°. Sample surface coincident with the inner and outer surfaces of the liner must be preserved in its original state.
Three samples must be compressed so that the outer surface is under tension, and the other three spaced out so that under the stretching was the inner surface. Deformation of the specimen is calculated according to GOST 9.019.
All samples must be completely immersed in an aqueous solution of NaCI with a pH from 6.4 to 7.2.
After 10 min samples are removed and allowed to stand for 50 min in air. This cycle should be repeated for 30 days or until the occurrence of cracks. The nature of corrosion damage on all samples must be the same.
Aluminum alloy recognize valid for the manufacture of lanero if for 30 days, no sample is destroyed and no cracks visible to the naked eye or with no more than 30-fold increase.
7.5 Testing of aluminum alloys to intergranular corrosion
The susceptibility of aluminum alloys to intergranular corrosion is estimated according to GOST 9.021.
Procurement of samples cut out evenly over the cross section of the liner from the middle cylindrical part and bottoms at mid-height (including the neck). For tests made on four samples with a width of 20 mm and a length of 30 mm. of the sample Surface coincident with the inner and outer surfaces of lanero should be preserved in its original state.
The test is performed in a corrosive solution II, the temperature of which shall be (30±1) °C. the Ratio of solution volume to sample surface should be at least 10 cm/cm
.
Evaluation was carried out by metallographic methods.
7.6 hardness Measurement
The hardness of the metal container or liner is measured on the cylindrical part of the areas interfacing with the bottom. The hardness is measured after the final heat treatment Brinell method in accordance with GOST 9012.
7.7 Determination of mechanical properties of metal non-metallic liner
Mechanical properties of materials non-metallic Laneros tensile is determined according to GOST 11262 at a temperature of minus 50 °C. Samples for testing are cut in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical part of lanero who have completed all manufacturing operations.
7.8 Determination of the softening temperature of the material non-metallic liner
The softening temperature of thermoplastic materials is determined according to GOST 21553 on samples cut from non-metallic lanero who have completed all manufacturing operations.
7.9 Test of reinforcing material tensile
The test is carried out according to GOST 6943.10, GOST 6611.2 or by methods agreed with the specialized scientific research organization.
7.10 Testing of cylinders test pressure
Hydraulic test cylinders for strength is carried out with a pressure exceeding the working pressure not less than 1.5 times, with a control of the volumetric deformation of the container. The pressure should rise with a speed of not more than 1.0 MPa/s and held for at least 1 min.
The volumetric deformation of the cylinders can be measured in two ways:
1 — dip the balloon into a container filled with water (water jacket), and determining the volume of water displaced from the water jacket upon expansion of the cylinder under the action of the test pressure (full volumetric strain), and the volume of water that is not returned into the water jacket after removing the pressure (residual volumetric strain).
2 — determining the volume of water pumped in the cylinder to achieve the test pressure (full volumetric strain), and volume of water expelled from the container by reducing the pressure to atmospheric. Residual volumetric deformation of the container is determined by the difference between the volumes of water. During the measurements it is necessary to consider the compressibility of water at ambient temperature.
7.11 Testing cylinders for leaks
The cylinders shall be immersed in a water bath and is loaded by air pressure . The shutter speed needs to be at least 1 min During the test is not allowed the selection of air bubbles on the surface of the cylinder or at the connections to the valves.
Upon detection of air leaking at the connection of the cylinder to the valves allowed the rewiring of the valves and re-test.
7.12 determination of the pressure of the destruction of the cylinders and lanero
The hydraulic pressure inside the cylinder or liner is raised to 80% of the design pressure of the destruction of the container or liner at a speed not more than 1.4 MPa/s.
A further increase in pressure should be made at a speed not more than 0.35 MPa/s. Upon reaching the design pressure of the destruction should be aged for at least 5 s and then pressure should rise to the destruction of the container or liner. The actual pressure and the nature of fracture must be registered.
7.13 the Test cylinders on the fatigue life
The cylinder load of the internal hydraulic pressure of not more than 0.1 to not less than 1.3
at ambient temperature with a frequency not to exceed 10 cycles per minute. The container shall withstand without fracture not less than 1000
cycles (
— design life in years).
At acceptance tests after reaching 1000 cycles cylinders shall be destroyed.
In the acceptance test after reaching the 1000 cycles of the test shall be terminated and the balloon is subjected to destruction through 7.12. The pressure should be at least 85% of the design pressure of the destruction
.
7.14 the Test cylinders on the cyclic durability under extreme temperatures
The container is kept for 48 h at 65 °C and a relative humidity of 95%. Then under these conditions, the cylinder is loaded with hydraulic pressure from 0.1 to less than 1.3
at a frequency of no more than 10 cycles per minute. The number of cycles is 500
.
Then the same cylinder, cooled to a temperature of minus 45 °C, load of the hydraulic pressure from 0.1 to working pressure with a frequency of three cycles per minute. The number of cycles is 500
.
The container must have a pressure of at least 85% of the design pressure of the fracture when tested at 7.12.
Cylinders type 4 before testing to failure should be tested for leaks at 7.11.
7.15 the Test cylinders exposed to flames
The test cylinders Assembly with a safety device filled with natural gas or air pressure and 25%
.
The fire source shall have a length of 1.65 m and width, providing exposure to flame on the cylinder surface across its entire diameter.
As a fire source can be applied to any fuel in an amount sufficient to achieve the desired test temperature and the duration of combustion to the operation of a safety device.
The cylinder is set horizontally at a distance of 100 mm from the bottom to the surface of the fuel.
Cylinders 1.65 m length and less than a so that the center of the cylinder placed above the centre of the fire source.
Cylinders longer than 1.65 m, with one safety device positioned above the flame so that the bottom without a safety device was located over the border of the fire source.
Cylinders longer than 1.65 m, with two safety devices are fitted so that the centre of the fire source was located at an equal distance from safety devices.
Safety devices should be protected from direct exposure to flame metallic screens. Screens must not touch the safety devices.
The surface temperature of the cylinder is controlled by at least three thermocouples located along the bottom of the cylinder at a distance of not more than 0.75 m apart. 5 minutes after ignition the surface temperature of the cylinder should be at least 590 °C.
The cylinder needs to release gas through the safety device.
After the tests the cylinders should be destroyed.
7.16 the Test cylinders on the end
The test cylinder is loaded with air or natural gas to working pressure. The bullet caliber 7.62 mm, muzzle velocity 850 m/s have to punch one or both of the wall of the cylinder in the cylindrical part.
In the cylinders of types 2−4 bullet should enter at an angle of about 45°. The size of the bullet holes and their location must be recorded.
7.17 the Test cylinders in the resistance to defects on the shell of composite material
On the shell of composite material is applied two risks in the longitudinal direction.
The minimum size of the ticks:
— the first — length 25 mm, depth 1.25 mm;
— second — length 200 mm, depth 0.75 mm.
Tank risk must withstand without fracture not less than 3000 loading cycles pressure when tested at 7.13.
After the test the cylinder shall be destroyed.
7.18 Test cylinders for long loads
The cylinder is loaded with hydraulic pressure of 1.3 and incubated at 65 °C for 1000 h. Then, the container is subjected to test to failure at 7.12.
7.19 Test cylinder resistance to shock
Empty cylinder without valves dropping on a smooth horizontal concrete surface from a height of 1.8 m from the bottom point of the cylinder in the following positions:
— horizontally;
— vertically on each bottom;
under an angle of 45° on the bottom with the neck.
After flushing, the tank has to withstand 3000 cycles of pressure during the test 7.13. After the test the cylinder shall be destroyed.
7.20 Test the tank resistance to acid
The surface 150 mm of the cylindrical part of the cylinder is exposed to 30% sulfuric acid for 100 hours (battery acid specific gravity of 1,219 g/cm). The pressure in the cylinder when it should be 1,3
.
Then, the container is subjected to test to failure at 7.12.
7.21 Test of the cylinder permeability
The inner surface of the cylinder type 4 dry, fill up to the pressure of natural gas and placed in a sealed chamber with a normal temperature according to GOST 15150.
The permeability of the control for 500 hours.
7.22 the Test cylinders on the fatigue life of natural gas
The container 4 is filled with natural gas pressure of at least 0.1 to the pressure
for 1000 cycles. The duration of filling of the cylinder in each cycle should be no more than 5 minutes Then the cylinder shall withstand a leak test at 7.11.
After the test the cylinder must be cut to control the inner surface of the liner and the interface the liner — core for defects.
Note — When testing it is necessary to take special security measures. Cylinders to the test shall pass the test for 7.11−7.13, 7.21.
7.23 Test cylinders, torsion
Cylinder type 4 must be fixed in a cylindrical part from turning. Each Foundation element having an internal thread, must be accompanied by a force twice the force of tightening the valve regulated design documentation. Effort should be applied first in the direction of twist of the valve, and then back again in the direction of tightening.
The cylinder shall withstand a leak test at 7.11.
8 Transportation and storage
8.1 Storage of cylinders shall be carried out in the premises of category 2 according to GOST 15150.
8.2 Cylinders are transported by all kinds of transport according to cargo carriage regulations. Transportation must be carried out in covered wagons, containers, covered cars, holds, etc. Cylinders packaged in shipping containers allowed to be transported in open transport.
9 operating Instructions
9.1 Operation of cylinders shall be in accordance with 10.3 of [1] and manufacturer’s instructions.
9.2 the containers shall be mounted on vehicles, in specially designed places.
Cylinders of types 2−4 should be protected from direct sunlight, atmospheric precipitation and road impacts (emissions, gravel, salt, etc.).
Placement and mounting of gas cylinders for road vehicles must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of [3].
Do not use welding for fixing the cylinders.
9.3 Cylinders must be equipped with safety devices for pressure relief in case of fire. Picking cylinders safety devices implemented by the enterprise that installs cylinders on the vehicle.
9.4 the Cylinders are not repairable.
10 Survey of cylinders
10.1 Cylinders in service must undergo a periodic inspection:
— at least once in five years cylinders type 1, made from alloy steel;
— at least once in three years cylinders type 1, made of carbon steel;
— at least once in three years — the types of cylinders 2−4.
The inspection of cylinders includes:
— inspection of the inner and outer surfaces;
— hydraulic test pressure of 1.5 ;
check the weight and capacity of cylinders, type 1 and cylinders types 2 and 3 with steel lanarama;
— pneumatic testing of cylinders type 4 working pressure.
10.2 the assessment allowed the restoration of the paintwork and markings of the cylinder.
10.3 Cylinders with illegible markings, and were in the accident vehicle may be approved for further use only after special examination.
