GOST 977-88
GOST 977−88 steel Castings. General specifications
GOST 977−88
Group В82
INTERSTATE STANDARD
STEEL CASTINGS
General specifications
Steel castings. General specifications
ISS 77.140.80
OKP 41 1200
Date of introduction 1990−01−01
INFORMATION DATA
1. APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by Decision of the USSR State Committee for standards from
2. The standard fully complies ST SEV 4559−84, ST SEV 4561−84 and ST SEV 4563−84 in part brands
3. INSTEAD 977−75 GOST, GOST 2176−77
4. REFERENCE NORMATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
5. Limitation of actions taken by Protocol No. 7−95 interstate Council for standardization, Metrology and certification (ICS 11−95)
6. REPRINTING. August 2004
This standard applies to steel castings manufactured by all the methods of casting of non-alloy and alloy steels, stainless with special properties cast steels.
1. BRAND
1.1. For the manufacture of castings includes the following steel grades:
structural non-alloy:
15L, 20L, 25L, 30L, 35L, 40L, 45L, 50L;
structural alloy:
20GL, 35GL, 20GSL, 30GSL, 20G1FL, 20FL, 30KHGSFL, 45FL, 32KH06L, 40KHL, 20HML, 20KHMFL, 20GNMFL, 35HML, 30KHNML, 35HGSL, 35NGML, 20DKHL, 08GDNFL, 13KHNDFTL, 12DN2FL, 12DKHN1MFL, 23KHGS2MFL, 12KH7G3SL, 25KH2GNMFL, 27KH5GSML, 30KH3S3GML, 03N12KH5M3TL, 03N12KH5M3TJUL;
structural alloy used in the contractual legal relations between the member countries of the CMEA:
15GL, 30GL, 45GL, 70GL, 55SL, 40G1, 5FL, 15ФЛ, 30KHL, 25KHGL, 35KHGL, 50KHGL, 60KHGL, 70KH2GL, 35KHGFL, 40KHFL, 30KHML, 40KHML, 40KHNL, 40KHN2L, 30KHG1, 5MFRL, 75KHNMFL, 40GTL, 20GNMJUL;
alloy with special properties:
a) martensite class
20KH13L, 08KH14NDL, 09KH16N4BL, 09KH17N3SL, 10KH12NDL — corrosion resistant; 20KH5ML, 20KH8VL, 40KH9S2L heat — resistant; 20KH12VNMFL — resistant; 85KH4M5F2V6L (Р6М5Л), 90KH4M4F2V6L (Р6М4Ф2Л) — high speed;
b) martensitic-ferritic class
15KH13L — corrosion resistant;
C) ferritic
15KH25TL — corrosion resistant;
d) austenitic-martensitic class
08KH15N4DML, 08KH14N7ML, 14KH18N4G4L — corrosion resistant;
d) austenitic-ferritic class
12KH25N5TMFL, 16KH18N12S4TJUL, 10Х18НЗГЗД2Л — corrosion resistant; 35KH23N7SL, 40KH24N12SL, 20KH20N14S2L heat — resistant;
e) austenitic
10KH18N9L, 12H18N9TL, 10KH18N11BL, 07KH17N16TL, 12H18N12M3TL and corrosion — resistant; 55KH18G14S2TL, 15KH23N18L, 20KH25N19S2L, 18KH25N19SL, 45KH17G13N3JUL heat — resistant; 35KH18N24S2L, 31KH19N9MVBTL, 12KH18N12BL, 08KH17N34V5T3JU2RL, 15KH18N22V6M2RL, 20KH21N46V8RL — resistant; 110G13L, 110G13KH2BRL, 110G13FTL, 130G14KHMFAL, 120G10FL wear — resistant;
alloy with special properties, used in the contractual legal relations between the member countries of the CMEA:
a) martensitic-ferritic class
15KH14NL, 08KH12N4GSML — corrosion resistant;
b) an austenitic-ferritic class
12KH21N5G2SL, 12KH21N5G2STL, 12KH21N5G2SM2L, 12KH19N7G2SAL, 12KH21N5G2SAL, 07KH18N10G2S2M2L; 15KH18N10G2S2M2L, 15KH18N10G2S2M2TL — corrosion resistant.
The scope of structural alloy steels given in Annex 1, doped with special properties — in Appendix 2.
1.2. Steel is smelted in furnaces with basic linings. Allowed the smelting of steel in furnaces with acid linings subject to the requirements of this standard.
Note. The possibility of application of Converter steel should be specified in the design documentation (DD) and (or) normative-technical documentation (NTD).
1.3. Chemical composition of structural non-alloy and alloy steel must meet the specified in table.1, alloy steel with special properties — in table.2.
Table 1
Extension table 1
Notes:
1. The presence of elements of non-alloying, their allowable content and the need for control is established in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
2. At the request of the consumer the contents of sulphur and phosphorus in alloyed structural steel can be installed not more than 0,030%.
3. In the smelting alloy steels in furnaces with acid linings permissible mass fraction of sulfur and phosphorus may be increased by 0,010% each, provided that the other requirements of this standard.
4. For steel grade 40KHNL allowed the introduction of titanium to 0.15% to improve its mechanical properties.
5. For steels with grades of 15L, 25L, 35L, 40L, 45L, given the designation according to ST SEV 4559−84 for other steels — according to ST SEV 4561−84.
Table 2
Notes:
1. The presence of elements of non-alloying, their allowable content and the need for control set in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
2. In steel brand 20KH5ML molybdenum may be replaced by titanium in an amount of not more than 0.1% at the condition of the parts at a temperature not exceeding 425 °C.
3. In steel brand 10KH18N9L if necessary, provide greater resistance to intergranular corrosion, the carbon content can be set to not more than 0.07%.
4. In steel brand 20KH13L allowed when melting in induction furnaces the increase of the mass fraction of sulfur up to 0,030%.
5. In steel brand 12KH18N12BL total mass fraction of sulfur and phosphorus should not exceed 0,040%.
6. In steel grades 12KH21N5G2STL and 15KH18N10G2S2M2TL allowed for stabilization is to use titanium niobium with tantalum in an amount of from (8хС) to 1.20%.
7. In steel grades 08KH17N34V5T3JU2RL, 15KH18N22V6M2RL, 20KH21N46V8RL content and the need to control boron and cerium is set to CD, and NTD.
Examples of symbols of steels:
25L GOST 977−88
23KHGS2MFL GOST 977−88
20KH25N19S2L GOST 977−88
Examples of symbols of steels for castings intended for products to be approved representative of the customer:
25L K20 GOST 977−88
23KHGS2MFL CT 110 GOST 977−88
In the designation of steel grades the first numbers indicate the average or the maximum (no lower limit) mass fraction of carbon in hundredths of percent; the letters behind the numbers mean: A — nitrogen, B is niobium, the tungsten, G — manganese, D — copper, M — molybdenum, N — Nickel, P — boron, — silicon, T — Titan, f — vanadium, X — chrome, Yu — aluminum, L — foundry. The figures after the letters indicate the approximate mass fraction of alloying elements in percent.
The indices «K» and «KT» are the symbols of categories of strength, followed by a number means the value of the required yield strength. The index «K» is assigned to the material in the annealed, normalized or tempered condition; the index «K» — after quenching and tempering.
1.4. The allowable deviation of alloying elements from the rules of the chemical composition given in table.1, must not exceed the values given in table.3.
Table 3
Mass fraction of sulfur and phosphorus in non-alloy structural steels
Table 4
Note. At customer’s request, the sulfur content in steels grades of 15L, 25L, 35L, 40L, 45L and 45FL should be no more than 0,040%.
Table 4A
The allowable deviation of alloying elements from the rules of the chemical composition given in table. 2, should not exceed the values given in table. 5.
Table 5
Notes:
1. For steel grade 85KH4M5F2V6L (Р6М5Л) permitted deviation in the mass fraction of vanadium of ±0.1%.
2. For steel grade 90KH4M4F2V6L (Р6М4Ф2Л) permitted deviation in the mass fraction of vanadium — minus 0.2, plus 0.1 percent.
2. BASIC PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
2.1. Depending on the purpose and requirements of the detail castings are divided into three groups in accordance with table.6.
Table 6
Notes:
1. If necessary, the introduction of additional indicators not covered by the table.6 for this group of castings, their availability and the relevant provisions should be specified in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
At the request of the consumer, the number of additional controllable parameters may be included: hardness, fracture of metals, mechanical properties for castings with wall thickness over 100 mm mechanical properties at low and elevated temperatures, impermeability, microstructure, density, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, resistance against intergranular corrosion and others.
Casting of the 3rd group intended for products to be approved representative of the customer, operate at lower temperatures and subjected to dynamic loads, when specified in the design documentation and (or) NTD toughness of steel is determined at a temperature of minus 50 °C. the norms of toughness at this point in the design documentation and (or) NTD for specific products.
2. The possibility of establishing as a normalized measure of the relative narrowing of elongation is indicated in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
3. The possibility of increasing norms of strength with a corresponding reduction in the rate of plasticity and viscosity of the point in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
4. Standards, the possibility of reducing the level of mechanical properties on specimens cut from castings shall be indicated in KD.
5. Casting the 2nd and 3rd group intended for products to be approved representative of the customer, to replace the controlled measure of «yield strength» «tensile strength» is allowed only at the request of the customer.
Marking of castings in technical drawing requirements:
Casting the 1st group:
1 castings group GOST 977−88
Casting the 2nd group:
Casting the 2nd group GOST 977−88
Casting of the 3rd group:
Casting of the 3rd group of GOST 977−88
2.2. Group casting, steel grade, additional controllable parameters and requirements indicated in KD and (or) NTD. When flow-mass production, division of casting in groups produce a list of controlled indicators point to the drawing of the casting.
3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1. Castings made in accordance with the requirements of this standard, KD and (or) NTD, approved in the established procedure.
3.2. Castings should be heat treated. The recommended modes of heat treatment of structural non-alloy and alloy steels given in Annex 3, alloy steel with special properties — in Appendix 4.
By agreement between manufacturer and consumer is allowed to produce heat treatment of castings 1 group of structural non-alloy and alloy steels and castings, 1st-3rd groups of alloy steels with special properties while providing mechanical and special properties of steel the steelmaking and shaping.
The number of allowed full heat treatments of the castings should not be more than three, and castings of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic alloy steels with special properties — no more than two.
Note. The number of vacations or stabilizing annealing of the casting with test bars of the same batch after quenching or normalizing to obtain the desired mechanical properties is not restricted.
3.3. Mechanical properties of structural non-alloy and alloy steels for castings with the wall thickness up to 100 mm at room temperature after the final heat treatment must conform to the standards given in table.7, alloy steel with special properties — in table.8.
Table 7
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Characteristics of the mechanical properties obtained in the regime of heat treatment specified in table.11.
Table 8
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Characteristics of the mechanical properties obtained in the regime of heat treatment specified in table.12.
Note. Mechanical properties of steel 110G13L, 110G13FTL and 120G10FL established by agreement between manufacturer and consumer.
3.4. The configuration and dimensions of the castings shall conform to the drawings approved in the prescribed manner.
Dimensional tolerances and mass of castings and machining allowances must comply with the requirements of GOST 26645, forming slope — GOST 3212 or provided in CD.
3.5. Casting must be cleaned of sand, scale and penetration. Profit and feeders must be removed.
Designated sections of the feeders and profits, bays and perforation must be stripped or chopped off within tolerances according to the drawing of the casting.
Allowed by agreement between manufacturer and user to install in KD and (or) NTD the presence of metal penetration on the castings.
3.6. Removal of feeders and profits is carried out in any way.
Removal of feeders and profits sharp fire should be conducted before final heat treatment.
Removal of feeders and profits sharp fire after the final heat treatment must be specified in the design documentation and NTD.
3.7. To be machined surface of the casting is not permitted surface defects in the form of shells, junctions, utain, captivity, etc., exceeding in depth the allowance for machining.
On the treated surfaces of the castings are allowed shell does not affect the performance and strength of parts, dimensions and location of which are indicated in KD on the casting.
3.8. On machined surfaces of castings is permitted without the fix, sinks and other defects, except cracks, type, size, number and location of which are indicated in KD.
3.9. Allowed to repair casting defects that reduce the strength and serviceability of the castings, if so specified in the CD.
3.10. Upon correction of defects by welding it should be carried out before final heat treatment, unless otherwise indicated in KD and NTD.
The validity of the repair welding of defects discovered after final thermal and machining, as well as the need for and form of subsequent heat treatment of the castings indicated in KD and NTD.
3.11. Admissibility of discontinuities in the form of shells, porosity, etc., as well as their size, number and location of the point in CD, and NTD.
3.12. It is allowed to edit (fix the warping) of castings in cold and hot condition. The size of the edits, need holiday stress relief after straightening set in CD and NTD.
3.13. The need to verify bezoperatsionnogo layer of metal castings and its depth indicated in KD and NTD.
On the treated friction surfaces of castings and test the hardness of the allowance for machining should ensure the complete removal of bezoperatsionnogo layer.
3.14. Rules additional controlled parameters are established in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
3.15. Castings should be uncultivated on the surface of the stamp of the technical control of the manufacturer and marked in accordance with the requirements of the CD and NTD. Signs marking may be cast, printed or written indelible ink.
If you cannot marking and marking because of the configuration and dimensions of the casting shall have a tag with the marking and stamp of the technical control indicating the number of castings in the party. When flow-mass production of castings to label and stigmatize them necessary in accordance with the instructions in CD, and NTD.
4. ACCEPTANCE
4.1. Castings take parties. The party consists of casting one melting. In coordination with the consumer party is permitted to make of the casting of steel of the same brand one or more replaceable heats of melting, subjected to heat treatment in one or several batches according to the same regime with mandatory registration of automatic devices.
The casting, which cannot be thermally processed at the factory, a set of casting smelting one.
For castings intended for products to be approved representative of the customer, the party recruited from the casting, subjected to heat treatment.
When flow-mass production, in agreement with the consumer allowed to make a batch of castings has become one of the brand several heats, made one drawing produced on the same batch and subjected to heat treatment in the same conditions. In the document about the quality instead of the heat number specify the batch number.
In small-scale production at a steady technological process in agreement with the consumer allowed the compilation of a batch of castings of steel the same brand multiple trunks; by agreement between manufacturer and with the customer’s representative is allowed to make a lot of castings of steel the same brand multiple interchangeable heats of melting.
Allowed to make a lot of castings in the 1-St and 2-nd groups of similar configurations and sizes, made by different specifications of steel single bottoms, subjected to heat treatment in the same cage.
4.2. Acceptance of the stragglers from the party of castings, but also castings, are fixed by welding with subsequent heat treatment, carried out according to test results the main party, if the mode of heat treatment in both cases is the same and is confirmed by automatic recording devices or by results of tests of samples of other batches of the same grade steel, heat-treated simultaneously with stragglers castings.
4.3. The casting should be made a document about quality that contains:
trademark of the manufacturer;
the number of the drawing or casting;
the symbol of the casting;
the number and weight of castings;
batch number;
the room melt;
grade of steel;
the results of chemical analysis;
a heat treatment process;
the results of mechanical tests;
the results of additional testing;
the designation of this standard.
4.4. To verify compliance of the chemical composition of steel castings to the requirements specified in table.1 and 2, sampling is carried out according to GOST 7565 (sect.2).
Allowed verification of the conformity of the chemical composition of the steel casting to carry out for each cast.
Allowed to check the conformity of the chemical composition of structural non-alloy and alloy steel from one of the melting change in the established technological process, the constant charge and steelmaking of the same brand in furnaces having a capacity not exceeding 3 t — casting the 1st group, with a capacity of not more than 500 kg — casting the 2nd and 3rd groups.
When flow-mass production volume of the chemical composition control install on a CD and (or) NTD.
4.5. To control the conformity of the castings to the requirements of this standard establish acceptance, periodic and standard tests. The tests indicate that in CD and (or) NTD.
To check the compliance of indicators of mechanical properties of steel castings to the requirements of this standard for each batch of cast test bars in the quantity specified in the design documentation and (or) NTD on casting.
Allowed from the CD and (or) NTD to cast test bars from one or more heats of this change.
By agreement with the consumer allowed to test the mechanical properties of steel castings selected from each lot in accordance with the documentation and (or) NTD.
Verification of compliance of indicators of mechanical properties of steel castings required in this standard category strength the manufacturer holds for each batch of casting the 2nd and 3rd group.
Allowed to assess the mechanical properties of non-alloy structural steels by methods of mathematical statistics in accordance with the CD and NTD on casting and with the agreement of the representative of the customer receiving the products.
When flow-mass production control of mechanical properties of steel is carried out periodically on a CD and (or) NTD.
4.6. Mechanical properties of steel castings test on one specimen under a tensile test on two specimens, when tested for impact strength.
4.7. If unsatisfactory test results on at least one of characteristic values of mechanical properties for him to repeat the test at twice the number of samples taken from test bars or castings in the same batch, melting or casting and test bars subjected to repeated heat treatment and testing of all mechanical properties.
4.8. The consistent appearance of a casting drawing and requirements PP.3.5, 3.7−3.9 tested for each casting batch.
4.9. The size of the casting, subject to monitoring and inspection and sampling volume installing in CD and (or) NTD on casting.
4.10. The scope, frequency and methods of inspection of metal castings for compliance with the requirements of section 3.11 (magnetic and liquid penetrant testing, radiographic inspection x-ray or gamma rays, etc.) set in CD and NTD.
4.11. The scope and frequency of tests additional controllable parameters set in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
5. TEST METHODS
5.1. Control of chemical composition is carried out according to GOST 12344, 12345 GOST, GOST 12346, 12347 GOST, GOST 12348, 12349 GOST, GOST 12350, 12351 GOST, GOST 12352, 12354 series GOST, GOST 12355, 12356 GOST, GOST 12357, 12359 GOST, GOST 12360, 12361 GOST* GOST 28473, GOST 22536.0 to GOST 22536.5, GOST 22536.7−22536.12 GOST, GOST 22536.14 or other methods of ensuring the accuracy of the determination under specified standards.
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* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 12361−2002. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
5.2. Samples for the determination of chemical composition of steel castings are selected in accordance with GOST 7565.
For steelmaking furnaces with a capacity of not more than 500 kg are allowed samples to determine the chemical composition of the select in the middle of casting melting and to use a sample mass of 200 g or more.
When casting one casting samples from melting is carried out after die-casting.
For the determination of chemical composition allowed to use a metal taken from the test bars for mechanical testing or from the casting.
The sample marked number smelting.
5.3. Determination of mechanical properties of metal castings is carried out on samples taken from the test bars, or, in the absence of test bars from castings.
Trial bruski it is recommended to take a piss in the middle of the pouring of each melt.
Note. At the request of the representative of the customer samples made from the castings.
5.4. The recommended configuration, the dimensions of the test bars and the scheme of cutting out of samples specified on the devil.1−6.
Damn.1
Damn.2
Damn.3
Damn.4
Damn.5
Damn.6
For castings intended for products to be approved by a customer representative, trial bars features.2, 4, 5 not made.
The position of samples for tensile tests and determination of the impact strength test bars reglamentary and drawings it is specified conditionally.
Type of test bar is set by the manufacturer.
When producing castings that require individual control of mechanical properties, it is possible to use the tidal test block, the size and location of which is set in the design documentation and (or) NTD. The location of the tidal bars in the casting intended for products to be approved representative of the customer, is installed by the manufacturer. The separation of tidal bars from the casting may be conducted after final heat treatment.
The conditions of preparing test bars and castings have to be the same. Test bars cut from them or workpiece to determine the mechanical properties must undergo a heat treatment together with the castings of the party.
Allowed to cast test bars in a sand mold (dry or raw), regardless of the method of manufacturing castings.
For thick-walled castings are allowed to cut the samples at a distance of not more than 30 mm from the outer surface of the casting.
5.5. The tensile test is carried out according to GOST 1497 on samples of type I-IV N 4.
Allowed to test the samples of type II-IV N 7.
5.6. Impact strength testing is carried out according to GOST 9454 on samples of type I.
5.7. The results of the tests of specimens having defects associated with castings (sinks, foreign inclusions, hot cracks, porosity, etc.), machining conditions or test conditions, are not taken into account. Defective are replaced with new samples taken from bars or castings.
5.8. Definition of hardness Brinell hardness — GOST 9012, determination of Rockwell hardness — GOST 9013.
5.9. Control the appearance of the castings is carried out on KD and (or) NTD.
5.10. Determination of the depth bezoperatsionnogo layer — according to GOST 1763.
5.11. Test for heat resistance — according to GOST 6130.
5.12. The test for resistance against intercrystalline corrosion according to GOST 6032*.
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* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 6032−2003, here and hereafter. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
Note: test Methods steels not included in GOST 6032, set in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
5.13. Tensile test at elevated temperatures is carried out according to GOST 9651, low temperature — according to GOST 11150.
5.14. Test long-term strength — according to GOST 10145.
5.15. Test methods of special properties not mentioned in this standard must be specified in the design documentation and (or) NTD.
6. PACKING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
6.1. Rules on packaging, transport and storage of castings set in the design documentation and (or) NTD for casting.
ANNEX 1 (reference). THE SCOPE OF STRUCTURAL ALLOY STEEL
ANNEX 1
Reference
Table 9
ANNEX 2 (informative). APPLICATIONS ALLOY STEEL WITH SPECIAL PROPERTIES
ANNEX 2
Reference
Table 10
APPENDIX 3 (recommended). THE HEAT TREATMENT OF STRUCTURAL NON-ALLOY AND ALLOY STEEL
APPENDIX 3
Recommended
Table 11
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The heat treatment, providing the level of mechanical properties specified in table.7.
Notes:
1. For steel grade 40KHFL allowed to use vacation after normalization.
2. For steel grade 23KHGS2MFL shows the modes of preliminary heat treatment may be replaced by quenching and tempering, annealing or tempering.
3. For steel grades 03N12KH5M3TL and 03N12KH5M3TJUL it is recommended to apply heat treatment by mode: homogenization at a temperature 1180−1200 °C, quenching from 1000 °C; aging at a temperature of 500 °C.
