By visiting this site, you accept the use of cookies. More about our cookie policy.

Steel 35CrM

25X1MF 35CRM 20CR3MOVF 25X2M1F 38CR2MUA 30CRM 30CMA

35CrM Steel

Steel 35CrM: Handbook of steels and alloys. Below is systematized information on the purpose, chemical composition, types of supply, substitutes, critical point temperatures, physical, mechanical, technological and foundry properties for the brand — Steel 35CrM.

General information on steel 35CrM

Grade substitute
Steels: 40Х, 40ХН, 30ХМ, 35ХГСА.
Type of delivery
Sections including shaped: GOST 4543−71, GOST 259071, GOST 2591−71, GOST 2879−69. Calibrated rod GOST 7417−75, GOST 8559−75, GOST 8560−78, GOST 1051−73. Grinded rod and silversilver GOST 14955−77. Strip GOST 103−76. Forged and forged blanks GOST 1133−71, GOST 8479−70.
Application .
Shafts, gears, spindles, pins, flanges, disks, tires, rods and other critical parts operating under heavy loads and speeds at temperatures up to 450−500 ° C.

Chemical composition of steel 35CrM.

Chemical element %
Silicon (Si) 0.17−0.37
Manganese (Mn) 0.40−0.70
Copper (Cu), not more 0.30
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.15−0.25
Nickel (Ni), not more 0.30
Sulfur (S), max. 0.035
Carbon (C) 0.32−0.40
Phosphorus (P), not more than 0.035
Chrome (Cr) 0.80−1.10

Mechanical properties of steel 35CrM

Mechanical properties

Heat treatment, delivery condition Section, mm σ0.2, MPa σB, MPa δ5, % ψ, % KCU, J/m2 HB HRCe
HRCe. Tempering at 850 °C, oil. Tempering 560 °C, water or oil.
  25 835 930 12 45 78    
Forgings. Normalization
KP 245 300−500 245 470 17 35 34 143−179  
KP 245 500−800 245 470 15 30 34 143−179  
KP 275 100−300 275 530 17 38 34 156−197  
CP 275 300−500 275 530 15 32 29 156−197  
KP 315 <100 315 570 17 38 39 167−207  
KP 315 100−300 315 570 14 35 34 167−207  
CP 345 <100 345 590 18 45 59 174−217  
Forgings. Hardening. Tempering.
CP 345 500−800 345 590 12 33 39 174−217  
KP 395 100−300 395 615 15 40 54 187−229  
KP 395 300−500 395 615 13 35 49 187−229  
KP 395 500−800 395 615 11 30 39 187−229  
CP 440 <100 440 635 16 45 59 197−235  
KP 440 100−300 440 635 14 40 54 197−235  
KP 440 300−500 440 635 13 35 49 197−235  
CP 490 <100 490 655 16 45 59 212−248  
CP 490 100−300 490 655 13 40 54 212−248  
KP 590 <100 590 735 14 45 59 235−277  
  <40 1370 1570 12 38     49−53
Hardening 850−870°C, oil. Tempering 180−200°C, air.
  50−80 640 810   40 59 260−322  
Hardening 850−870°C, oil. Tempering 560−620°C, air.
  80−120 590 780   40 59 229−285  

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

t test,°C σ0, 2, MPa σB, MPa δ5, % ψ, % KCU, J/m2
Hardening at 880 °C, oil. Tempering at 650°C
20 770 880 22 66 189
400 570 730 23 71 167
450 550 670 23 78 134
500 490 550 22 86 123
Disc diameter 755−915 mm, thickness 35−110 mm. Sleeve diameter 115−400 mm HB 212−223. Tangential specimen
20 420−510 610−710 17 54−61 49−98
400 390 550 17 64 78
500 355 440 18 74 59
550 335 400 18 75 56
Disc diameter 755−915 mm, thickness 35−110 mm. Sleeve diameter 115−400 mm HB 212−223. Specimen longitudinal
20 430−480 580−690 7 16−23 20
500 365 430 7 13−30 20
Bar. Normalization 880 °C, Tempering 650 °C, 2 h. HB 207
20 525 700 22 69 159
400 420 650 26 75 149
450 400 540 24 80 136
500 385 470 25 84 121
Bar. Annealed at 860 °C. HB 179.
20 360 670 22 55 88
400 300 650 26 75 115
450 270 550 27 81 115
500 265 480 29 85 141

Mechanical properties depending on tempering temperature

t tempering temperature, °C σ0, 2, MPa σB, MPa δ5, % ψ, % KCU, J/m2 HB
Tempering at 880 °C, oil.
300 1390 1570 9 44 49 450
400 1310 1410 10 50 59 400
500 1080 1200 15 54 88 350
600 840 930 19 63 147 270
700 660 730 20 70 196 220

Mechanical properties in the long term strength test

Creep strength, MPa Creep rate, %/h t test,°C Ultimate long-term strength, MPa Test duration, h t test, h
157 1/10000 450 294 10000 450
103 1/100000 450 235 100000 450
83 1/10000 500 206 10000 500
49 1/100000 500 147 100000 500

Technological properties of 35CrM steel

Forging temperature
The beginning 1260, the end 800. Sections up to 100 mm are cooled in the air, 101−300 mm — in the mull.
Weldability
Limited weldability. Welding methods: РДС, АДС with submerged arc and gas shielding, АDS, electric arc welding. Heating up and the following heat treatment are necessary.
Machinability by cutting
In the quenched and tempered condition at HB 212−248 σB = 660 MPa K υ of solid. = 0.8, Kυ b.st. = 0.72.
The tempering capacity
is not inclined
Floc-sensitivity
sensitive

Temperature of 35CrM steel critical points

Critical point °С
Ac1 755
Ac3 800
Ar3 750
Ar1 700
Mn 350

Endurance limit of 35KhM steel

σ-1, MPa n σB, MPa σ0, 2, MPa Heat treatment, state of steel
333   640 490 HB 190−240
588 1Е+6 1370   Hardening 870 C. Tempering 400 C.
441 1Е+6 980   Hardening 870 C. Tempering 600 C.
499   1030   The diameter of the billet is 20 mm.

Hardenability of steel 35KhM.

Hardness for hardenability strips HRCe.

Distance from the end face, mm / HRCe
1.5 3 4.5 6 9 12 15 18 24 33
47.5−56.5 46.5−55.5 45−54 43.5−53 39−43 35−43 32−39 30−36.5 28−34.5 25−33.5
Amount of martensite, % Crit. dia. in water, mm Crit. dia. in oil, mm Cret. hardness, HRCe
50 56−100 31−68 40−44
90 33−71 12−46 47−52

Physical properties of steel 35CrM

Test temperature, °С 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Modulus of normal elasticity, E, GPa 213 212 206 201 191 183        
Torsional shear modulus of elasticity G, GPa 82                  
Steel density, pn, kg/m3 7820 7800 7770   7770   7630      
Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(m — °C)   41 40 39 37          
Test temperature,°C 20−100 20−200 20−300 20−400 20−500 20−600 20−700 20−800 20−900 20−1000
Coefficient of linear expansion (a, 10−6 1/°C) 12.3 12.6 13.3 13.9 14.3 14.6        
Specific heat capacity (C, J/(kg -°C)) 462