General information about aluminum

General Characteristics

Aluminum is the 13th element in D. Mendeleev's Periodic Table, with an atomic weight of 27. In terms of chemical activity it is close to magnesium, with which it is side by side in the table. Aluminum ranks first among metals in terms of its content in the lithosphere (more than 8%). Out of 250 minerals containing this metal, 40% are aluminosilicates. The main isotope, ²⁷ Al, is trivalent, containing 14 neutrons and 13 protons in the nucleus. The crystal lattice is a face-centered cube. Aluminum is obtained by electrolysis of alumina melt. In turn, alumina (_Al203) is obtained after processing minerals containing aluminum.

Chemical properties

Al actively combines with oxygen, sulfur, and carbon. Under normal conditions, in air, it is covered with a thin, in fractions of a micron, oxide film of _Al203, which prevents oxidation and gives high corrosion resistance. The molten metal reacts actively with CO,_CO2 and water vapor. Hydrogen absorbed by Al above the solubility limit makes the metal brittle. Al is amphoteric: it forms salts with acids, and aluminates with alkalis. This makes it much easier to extract the metal from ores. It is easily soluble in alkali and inorganic acids, but nitric and organic acids are not acting upon it.

Applications

It is a light and convenient structural material, available hot and cold workable, well stamped, pressed, rolled, easily drilled and cut. It is an inexpensive and lightweight material; when alloyed with magnesium, manganese, copper and other metals, it forms alloys with high specific strength, which is especially valuable in those industries where it is important to maintain structural strength at low weight. Such structures are used for the needs of aircraft and automotive industry, machine and instrument engineering, food and construction industry. In particular, alloy Al+Mg gives invaluable advantage in developing new models of aircraft, helicopters and zeppelins where it is used for manufacturing details of gliders, fairings, ailerons, cockpit doors, landing gear, control levers, instrument casings and pumps, oxygen and fuel tanks. Such alloys are used to produce elements of supporting structures, automobile crankcases, pump and instrument casings, decorative elements, and tank covers. In instrumentation and electronics industry bodies and parts of devices, cameras, binoculars, cell phones, portable video cameras are produced.

Supplier

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