Tantalum mining and general information
Tantalum mining
Until 1844, it was considered the same metal as niobium and was called columbium. Modern science knows more than 130 types of tantal-niobium minerals, but industrial mining is associated with only a few of them:
- tantalite;
- polycrase;
- euxenite;
- microlite.
According to general information about tantalum, the largest deposits of the metal are located in Brazil (over 40%), Australia (about 21%) and Canada. Another promising mining region could be Africa, particularly countries such as:
- Mozambique;
- Ethiopia;
- Nigeria.
General information about tantalum
It is a heat-resistant and refractory metal that is as hard and as malleable as gold. Its melting point is 2996 °C and its boiling point is 5300 °C. Its density is 16.6 g/cm³, It is chemically inert, it does not react with molten alkali metals, with most acids and corrosive gases, but it does react. Under normal conditions it is stable in air. Oxidation begins above 280 °C. A characteristic feature is the ability to absorb nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is absorbed at a maximum rate at nearly 500 °C, with the formation of hydrides. The hydrides make the metal brittle, but upon further heating above 600 °C in vacuum, the hydrides decompose almost completely and tantalum regains its original mechanical properties. Nitrogen absorption begins at 600 °C, with higher heating forming nitrite, which melts at t° 3087 °C.
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