Aluminum alloys in the food industry
GOST 1583−93. Clause 3.3
For food products, alloys AK7, AK5M2, AK9, AK12 are used. The use of other alloys for products and equipment in contact with foodstuffs and media must be approved by the health authorities in each individual case. In aluminum alloys for food products, the proportion of lead should not exceed 0.15%, arsenic — 0.015%, zinc — 0.3%, beryllium — 0.05%.
GOST 1583−93. clause 4.1.6.1
Ingots for the manufacture of products and equipment in contact with food products are marked in the absence of color marking with an additional letter «P» after the designation of the alloy grade.
GOST 17151−81. clause 2.3.
Regulates the manufacture of household utensils from sheet aluminum. The utensils must be made from sheets and strips of aluminum grades AD1, AD with a chemical composition in accordance with State Standard 4784, aluminum grades A7. A6. A5, A0 with a chemical composition according to GOST 11069 and bimetallic tapes made of aluminum grades AD1, AD (the composition is regulated by State Standard 4784) and steel tape of grades 12X18H10T and 08X18H10T with a chemical composition regulated by GOST 5632. If there is an internal coating in the dishes, it is allowed to make it from sheets and strips of aluminum alloy of the AMts brand (the composition corresponds to the State Standard 4784). Fasteners that come into contact with food must be made of the same materials as utensils. The chemical composition of fittings (handles, bows, lugs, etc.) made of aluminum must comply with State Standard 11069, and of aluminum alloys — State Standard 4784.
GOST 51016−97
Regulates the general technical conditions for the production of cutlery made of carbon steel and aluminum alloys. Fragile aluminum cutlery is produced from cast aluminum alloys AK7, AK5M2, AL22 (AMg11), AL23 (AMg6l), and soft ones are made from sheet aluminum grades AD1M, AD1 A0, AVM, AV, and AMg2.
Clause 4.3.1
Cutlery must be made from the materials listed in Table 2.
| Name of products | Alloy grade | GOST |
|---|---|---|
| All-metal knives and combination knife blades | Steel U8A, U10A | 1435 |
| All-metal forks and the working part of the combined forks | Steel: 08kp, 45 Aluminum alloys: A0, AVM, AD1M AD1, AB, AMg2, AK7, AK5M2, AL22, AL23 |
1050 21 631 4784 1583 |
| spoons | Aluminum alloys: A0, AVM, AD1M, AD1, AB, AMg2, AK7, AK5M2, AL22, AL23 |
21 631.4784, 1583 |
| Combination knife and fork handles | Polypropylene grades: 04P-1 010, 05P-1 020 Class B aminoplast Aluminum alloys: A0. AVM, AD1M Hardwood lumber of the first grade with a moisture content of not more than 12 abs. % |
Normative document 2. 9359 21 631 2695 |
| Fittings of combined products (rings, caps, washers, rivets) | Steel grade 20 Aluminum alloy AD1 |
1050 4784 |
| Note — with the permission of the health authorities, it is possible to use other alloys similar to those indicated in table 2 | ||
Cutlery
Contact with food products is allowed for primary aluminum of grade A or technical deformable grades AD-AD0 (not to be confused with Al-Mg-Si alloys AD31, AD33, AD35, although forks and spoons are also produced from the alloy of grade AB). The State Standard allows the use for the production of forks and spoons of magnesium alloys in sheets AMg2 and ingots AL22 (AMg6l), AL23 (AMg11), as well as Al-Mg-Si AB alloy. GOST 4784 «Aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys. Grades» supplements the permitted list of food alloys below with the following clarification.
GOST 4784, clause 3.8
In aluminum alloys, which are intended for the manufacture of food products, the proportion of lead should not exceed 0.15%, and the proportion of arsenic — 0.015% wrought alloys should not contain lead and beryllium more than the permissible concentrations, except for AMg5, AMg6, D19, where beryllium is from 0.02% to 0.5% (GOST 1583 allows 0.05%,), as well as some brands of welding wire: SvAMG5, Sv1557, SvAMg6, SvAMg61, SvAMg63, where beryllium is from 0.2% to 0.5%.
SNIP in Ukraine
In Ukraine, Sanitary norms and rules 42−123−4240−86 are in force. «Permissible migration quantities (DKM) of chemicals released from polymeric and other materials in contact with food and methods for their determination». The document contains DKM norms for metals emitted by polymers, but there is no DKM norm for metal products.
GN 2.3.3.972
In the Hygienic Standards — «Maximum Permissible Amounts of Chemicals Emitted from Materials in Contact with Food» there are permissible sanitary standards and a hazard class for the use of aluminum alloys:
11.30 Primary aluminum (GOST 11069)
| Aluminum | Elements | DKM, mg/l | MPC of chemicals in drinking water, mg/l | Hazard Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| high purity | aluminum (Al) | 0.5 | 2 | |
| high purity | iron (Fe) | 0.3 | ||
| high purity | silicon (Si) | 100 | 2 | |
| high purity | copper (Cu) | 10 | 3 | |
| technical purity | aluminum (Al) | 0.5 | 2 | |
| technical purity | iron (Fe) | 0.3 | ||
| technical purity | silicon (Si) | 100 | 2 | |
| technical purity | copper (Cu) | 10 | 3 | |
| technical purity | titanium (Ti) | 0.1 | 3 | |
| technical purity | zinc (Zn) | 10 | 3 |
11.31. Aluminum alloys
| Alloys | Chem. elements | DKM, mg/l | MPC of chemicals in drinking water, mg/l | Hazard Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deformable | aluminum (Al) | 0.5 | 2 | |
| ---«--- | manganese (Mn) | 0.1 | 3 | |
| Deformable | iron (Fe) | 0.3 | ||
| ---«--- | copper (Cu) | 10 | 3 | |
| Deformable | zinc (Zn) | 10 | 3 | |
| ---«--- | titanium (Ti) | 0.1 | 3 | |
| Deformable | vanadium (V) | 0.1 | 3 | |
| foundry (GOST 2685) | aluminum (Al) | 0.5 | 2 | |
| ---«--- | copper (Cu) | 10 | 3 | |
| ---«--- | silicon (Si) | 100 | 2 | |
| ---«--- | manganese (Mn) | 0.1 | 3 | |
| ---«--- | zinc (Zn) | 10 | 3 | |
| ---«--- | titanium (Ti) | 0.1 | 3 |
Certification
The main document remains approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR dated 7.VIII.79 No. 123−12.328−7 with additions RTM 27−72−15−82 «Procedure for the use of metals, synthetic and other materials in contact with food and media.» Finishing materials approved by the USSR Ministry of Health are still referred to by SNIP (sanitary norms and rules) for food industry enterprises. The rules provide for obtaining a hygienic certificate for the use of a particular alloy, if the alloy complies with RTM 27−72−15−82. What to do if you need to veneer a counter or box? It is best to take sheets of stamps, A or AD, permitted by GOST for the manufacture of pans, or apply for a certificate from the sanitary control authorities.
Provider
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