General information about lead
General Characteristics
Plumbum chemical symbol Pb, is an element of Period 6, Group IV of the Periodic Table of Elements. Its atomic weight is 207.19. The mineral galena PbS (lead luster) is of the greatest industrial importance. In native form, this metal is rare. It is a heavy gray-colored metal that is very soft, malleable, and malleable in any kind of processing. It is highly resistant to corrosion. A thin oxide layer formed in the air protects it from subsequent oxidation.
Natural occurrences
Lead deposits in the Earth's crust are 1.6-10-3% by mass. It is extremely rare in nuggets. Lead is rich in sedimentary and ultrabasic intrusive rocks, where it is contained in dozens of different minerals in the form of intermetallic compounds with other elements. The most important minerals are cerussite PbCO3, galena PbS, and anglesite PbSO4. Among the more complicated minerals, we should mention betekhtinite Pb2 (Cu, Fe)21 S15, tillite PbSnS2 and sulfosols of lead - boulangerite Pb5 Sb4 S11, jasonite FePb4 Sn6 S14. Lead accompanies the radioactive ores of thorium and uranium. In nature, this metal usually forms deposits of polymetallic or zinc-lead ores of the stratiform type (Zabaikalye, Kholodninskoye) and the skarn type (Dalnegorskoye), etc. The galena mineral accompanies deposits of various ores: copper-nickel, pyrite-polymetallic, uranium, gold ore, etc. Sulfosols are usually found in hydrothermal low-temperature deposits with arsenic, antimony and in gold ore deposits. Lead sulfide-type minerals are of hydrothermal origin, and oxide-type minerals are often found in oxidation zones (weathering crusts) of zinc-lead deposits. Clark concentrations of this metal are contained in almost all rocks.
Lead chalcogenides
These are lead selenide, telluride and sulphide of PbS, which are black crystals. They are used in electronics as narrow-zone semiconductors.
Lead salts.
Lead nitrate, sulfate, and also lead acetate, also called lead sugar, are highly toxic. Lead sugar exists in the form of white powder or colorless crystals that are gradually weathered, losing hydrate water. This compound is perfectly soluble in water and has an astringent effect, but since it contains toxic lead ions, it is used as an external antiseptic in veterinary medicine.
Supplier
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