GOST R 56682-2015
GOST R 56682−2015 Composites of polymers and metal. Methods of determining the volume of matrix, of a reinforcing filler and voids
GOST R 56682−2015
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
COMPOSITES OF POLYMERS AND METAL
Methods of determining the volume of matrix, of a reinforcing filler and voids
Polymer and metal composites. Method for determination of the volume of matrix, filler reinforce and voids
OKS 83.120
77.040.01
Date of introduction 2017−01−01
Preface
1 PREPARED by the Association of legal entities «Union of composites manufacturers» together with Open joint stock company «NPO Stekloplastik» and Autonomous non-commercial organization «Center of standardization and classification of composites» based on the official translation into Russian language of the English version specified in paragraph 4 of the standard, which is made of TC 497 «Composites, structures and products of them"
2 SUBMITTED by the Technical Committee for standardization TC 497 «Composites, structures and products of them"
3 APPROVED AND put INTO EFFECT by the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology dated 30 October 2015 N 1681-St
4 this standard is modified in relation to the standard of ASTM Д3171−11* «Standard method of determining the content of components in composite materials» (ASTM D3171−11 «Standard Test Method for Constituent Content of Composite Materials», MOD) by changing the content of individual structural elements, which are indicated by a vertical line situated on the margins of the text. The original text of these structural elements the applicable standard of ASTM given in Appendix YES. The individual structural elements were changed in order to comply with the norms of the Russian language and technical style of presentation, and in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 1.5.
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* Access to international and foreign documents referred to here and hereinafter, can be obtained by clicking on the link to the site shop.cntd.ru. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
The peculiarities of the Russian national standardization included in additional sub-section 7.4, which is highlighted by the conclusion in the frame of thin lines. Additional provision is given to establishing requirements for the determination of the density matrix and a reinforcing filler.
Additional references included in the text of the standard to account for the peculiarities of the Russian national standardization in italics*.
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* In the original paper designation and number of standards and normative documents in the section «introduction», applications, DV and DG are given in normal text, the «Preface» sign «**" and the rest of the text of the document in italics. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
In this standard does not include sections 5, 6, 9, 11, 16, subsections 3.2, 3.3, paragraphs 3.1.1−3.1.5, and links to ASTM E12 ASTM Е177, ASTM Е1309 from the applicable standard of ASTM, which are impractical to apply in the Russian national standardization due to the fact that they are Advisory, explanatory or reference purposes.
These sections are not included in the main part of this standard is given in Appendix SB.
This standard is the reference standards used in relevant ASTM international standards.
Comparison of the structure of this standard the structure of the specified ASTM standard is given in Appendix DV.
In application of this standard should be used instead of reference standards corresponding national and international standards, details of which are given in Appendix DG.
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Application rules of this standard are established in GOST R 1.0−2012** (section 8). Information about the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) reference index «National standards» and the official text changes and amendments — in monthly information index «National standards». In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard a notification will be published in the upcoming issue of the monthly information index «National standards». Relevant information, notification and lyrics are also posted in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)
1 Scope
This standard applies to composite materials with polymeric or metallic matrix reinforced by a fiber (hereinafter, composites) and establishes two methods of determining the content matrix, the reinforcing filler and voids. The method I used to determine the content matrix, the reinforcing filler and voids. Method II is used only to determine the content of the matrix and reinforcing filler laminates. |
2 Normative references
The present standard features references to the following standards*:
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* The table of conformity of national standards international see the link. — Note the manufacturer’s database.
GOST 166−89 (ISO 3599−76) Calipers. Specifications
GOST 177−88 Hydrogen peroxide. Specifications
GOST 2768−84 Acetone. Specifications
GOST 3118−77 Reagents. Hydrochloric acid. Specifications
GOST 4204−77 Reagents. Sulphuric acid. Specifications
GOST 4328−77 Reagents. Sodium hydroxide. Specifications
GOST 6709−72 distilled Water. Specifications
GOST 11125−84 nitric Acid of high purity. Specifications
GOST 15139−69 Plastic. Methods for determining the density (bulk density) (ASTM D792−13 Standard method of determining the density and specific gravity (relative density) of plastic mass by the volume of the displaced fluid, NEQ, ASTM D1505−10 test Method for determining density of plastics by gradient tube, NEQ)
GOST 19710−83 ethylene Glycol. Specifications
GOST 20289−74 Reagents. Dimethylformamide. Specifications
GOST 24363−80 Reagents. Potassium hydroxide. Specifications
GOST 25336−82 Glassware and equipment laboratory glass. The types, basic parameters and dimensions
GOST 29227−91 (ISO 835−1-81) oils. Pipettes are graduated. Part 1. General requirements
32794−2014 GOST polymer Composites. Terms and definitions (ASTM D883−12 definition of Terms relating to plastics, NEQ, ASTM D3878−07 (2013) Terms and definitions relating to composite materials, NEQ)
GOST R 56762−2015 polymer Composites. Determination method of moisture absorption and equilibrium state (ASTM D5229/D5229M-12 «test Method for determination of moisture absorption and properties and equilibrium state of composite materials with polymer matrix», MOD)
Note — When using this standard appropriate to test the effect of reference standards in the information system of General use — on the official website of the Federal Agency for technical regulation and Metrology on the Internet or in the annual information index «National standards» published as on January 1 of the current year, and the editions of the monthly information index «National standards» for the current year. If replaced with a reference standard, which was given an undated reference, then it is recommended to use the current version of this standard, taking into account all enabled in this version modifications. If replaced with a reference standard, which is given a dated reference, it is recommended to use the version of this standard referred to above by year of approval (acceptance). If after approval of this standard in the reference standard, which is given a dated reference, a change affecting a provision to which reference, the provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is cancelled without replacement, the position in which reference is made to him, recommended to be used in part not affecting this link.
3 Terms and definitions
This standard applies the terminology according to GOST 32794. |
4 the Essence of the methods
4.1 Method I |
5 Equipment and materials
5.1 Equipment |
5.1.1.1 Scales with a weighing error of no more than 0.0001 g. |
5.1.1.2 Desiccator according to GOST 25336. |
5.1.1.3. the heating Device capable of maintaining a constant temperature to 610 °C. |
5.1.1.4 laboratory microwave Oven with built-in protection from overpressure, is able to maintain constant power. |
5.1.1.5 the drying oven providing constant temperature (100±3)°C. |
5.1.1.6 muffle Furnace for maintaining a minimum temperature of (600±30)°C. |
5.1.1.7 Pump vacuum. |
5.1.1.8 the Installation of a vacuum filter consisting of Bunsen flask, Buchner funnel and the porous glass filter. |
5.1.1.9 Converter static electricity to eliminate static charges on the walls of glass containers. |
5.1.1.10 Refrigerator back according to GOST 25336. |
5.1.1.13 the Bulb glass. |
5.1.2 Method II |
5.2 Materials 5.2.1 nitric Acid according to GOST 11125. 5.2.2 hydrogen Peroxide according to GOST 177. |
5.2.3 sulfuric Acid according to GOST 4204. 5.2.4 Dimethylformamide according to GOST 20289. |
5.2.5 ethylene Glycol according to GOST 19710. 5.2.6 potassium Hydroxide according to GOST 24363. |
5.2.7 sodium Hydroxide according to GOST 4328. 5.2.8 Hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118. |
5.2.9 Acetone GOST 2768. 5.2.10 distilled Water according to GOST 6709. |
6 Preparation for testing
6.1 Preparation of samples |
7 testing
7.1 General provisions The test is carried out at a temperature of (23±3)°C and relative humidity of (50±10)%. | |
7.2 Method I | |
7.2.3.1 Method And | |
7.2.3.2 Method In | |
The resulting solution is filtered in vacuum filter installation. The resulting precipitate in the glass filter was washed three times with distilled water. To reduce the drying time of the last washing of the filter with the sediment is allowed to implement acetone. The filter with sediment was dried for 1 h in a drying Cabinet at a temperature of 100 °C. | |
7.2.3.3 Method With | |
The test specimen is placed in a flask with a volume of 250 cmand adding 100 cmof a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide in ethylene glycol. Connect the flask with a reflux condenser and heated in a heating device. The heating is carried out until complete dissolution of the sample matrix for testing, as determined by the Department and to the free passage of the reinforcing filler in solution. | |
The resulting solution is filtered in vacuum filter installation. The resulting precipitate in a glass filter, twice washed with dimethylformamide, and then an additional three times with distilled water. To reduce the drying time of the last washing of the filter with the sediment is allowed to implement acetone. The filter with sediment was dried for 1 h in a drying Cabinet at a temperature of 100 °C. | |
7.2.3.4 Method D | |
The resulting solution is filtered in vacuum filter installation. The resulting precipitate in the glass filter was washed three times with distilled water. To reduce the drying time of the last washing of the filter with the sediment is allowed to implement acetone. | |
The filter with sediment was dried for 1 h in a drying Cabinet at a temperature of 100 °C. | |
The resulting solution is filtered in vacuum filter installation. The resulting precipitate in the glass filter was washed three times with distilled water. To reduce the drying time of the last washing of the filter with the sediment is allowed to implement acetone. The filter with sediment was dried for 1 h in a drying Cabinet at a temperature of 100 °C. | |
7.2.3.6 Method F | |
The resulting solution is filtered in vacuum filter installation. The resulting precipitate in the glass filter was washed three times with distilled water. To reduce the drying time of the last washing of the filter with the sediment is allowed to implement acetone.
| |
7.2.3.7 Method G Porcelain or platinum crucible is calcined at a temperature of from 500 °C to 600 °C in a muffle furnace and cooled to room temperature and then weighed with accuracy to 0.0001 g. | |
The test specimen was placed in a crucible and heated in muffle furnace at a temperature of (565±30)°C for not more than 6 h to complete the combustion of the matrix. Use a different heating temperature under the condition of complete combustion of the matrix and the lack of an open flame. 7.2.4 the Filter or crucible with the obtained precipitate was cooled in the desiccator to ambient temperature and weighed with accuracy to 0.0001 g. | |
7.3 Method II 7.3.1 Weigh the test specimen with an accuracy of 0,0001 g. 7.3.2 Determine the density of the sample for testing by hydrostatic weighing according to GOST 15139 (section 3) or by gradient column GOST 15139 (section 6) or the formula (7). | |
7.3.3 Measure the thickness of the test specimen with a micrometer not less than ten points and calculate mean value. | |
7.3.4 Measure the width and length of the test specimen caliper not less than three points and calculate mean value. 7.4 Determination of density matrix and a reinforcing filler | |
If you want to determine the density matrix and/or reinforcing filler used method of hydrostatic weighing according to GOST 15139 (section 3) or gradient column GOST 15139 (section 6). Note — To determine the density of the matrix in polymer composites made from samples used in the composite resin cured under conditions corresponding to the conditions of production of a polymer composite. |
8 Processing of results
, (1)
, (2)
|
8.1.2 the Content of reinforcing filler in the test specimen , expressed as a percentage by volume, is calculated by the formula , (3)
. (4) |
8.1.4 the contents of the matrix in the test specimen , expressed as a percentage by volume, is calculated by the formula , (5)
. (6) |
8.2 Method II , (7)
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8.2.2 the Content of reinforcing filler in the test specimen , expressed as a percentage by mass, calculated by the formula , (8)
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8.2.3 Content of reinforcing filler in the test specimen, expressed as a percentage by volume , is calculated by the formula . (9) |
8.2.4 the contents of the matrix in the test specimen , expressed as a percentage by mass, calculated by the formula . (10) |
8.2.5 the contents of the matrix in the test specimen , expressed as a percentage by volume, is calculated by the formula . (11) |
8.2.6 the Thickness of a single layer of reinforcing filler in the test specimen , mm, is calculated by the formula . (12) |
9 test report
The results of the tests made as a Protocol, which shall contain the following information: |
— reference to this standard; — description of the test items, including shape, size, type of matrix, type of reinforcement material, the manufacturer; method (method) test; — density polymer composite or laminate, the matrix and the reinforcing filler; — the contents of the matrix and reinforcing filler in polymer composites or laminate; — the content of voids in polymer composites; |
— thickness of one layer of a reinforcing filler; — date of testing; — signature of the officers that conducted the test. |
App YES (reference). The provisions of ASTM D3171, which are used in this standard with the modification of their content
App YES
(reference)
YES.1 Section 1 Area of application
1.1 this standard describes methods to determine the components that are part of composite materials, using one of two approaches. Method I involves the physical removal of the matrix by digestion or ignition by one of seven methods, which retain the reinforcing material is mostly untouched, and allow to determine the composition of a reinforcing material or matrix (mass or volume), and porosity ratio, expressed as a percentage. Method II is used only in the study of laminates made of fibers with a known mass per unit area allows to determine the composition or matrix (mass or volume), and the thickness of the cured layer from the measured thickness of the layered material. Method II is used to determine the porosity.
1.1.1 these test methods are primarily intended for research products made of a two-component composite materials. However, under certain conditions, these methods can be used to research products made from materials with the filling, which includes more than two components, although it does not guarantee the receipt of all required results for each specific material.
1.1.2 the Techniques described in this standard allow an effective study of certain classes of polymeric or metallic matrices. Their possible use is described in section 4, and precedes the description of each of them.
1.1.3 Method I is based on the assumption that methods used for leaching or burning, will not significantly affect the reinforcing material. Further, the following technique for correction of the results, subject to minor changes in the reinforcing material. Techniques from A to F based on the use of chemical compounds for the destruction of the matrix, whereas the Method G involves the destruction of the matrix by ignition in a furnace.
1.1.4 Method II is based on the assumption that the mass of fibers per unit area of shape made of a reinforcing material is known to or is under control within acceptable limits. Porosity ratio not measured. Formulae 9 and 10 used for carrying out calculations based on the assumption that the porosity is equal to zero.
1.2 Values given in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement in this standard do not apply.
1.3 this standard does not deal with all possible issues related to the security, if any, associated with the use of the following techniques. The person using this standard, is responsible for implementing appropriate procedures to ensure the safety and security of labour and early decision of a question on possibility of use of the standard in the framework of current legislation. Cm. section 9 for more information.
YES.2 Section 4 Description of test methods
4.1 Method I is a method for the determination of the matrix, which is removed in a hot liquid medium (when dissolved) or furnace (when ignited) in the material sample with a known mass.
When dissolved in hot liquid residue, which contains a reinforcing material, subsequently filtered, washed, dried, cooled, and weighed.
Calculate the mass %, the reinforcing material, and using this value, and, if known, the density of the composite and the reinforcing material, the calculated volume fraction (in percent).